ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the ion release from four commercially available pit-and-fissure sealants [3M Clinpro,3M ConciseTM,BeautiSealant (BS),and GI FX-Ⅱ)].With each brand,18 specimens were prepared.Their fluoride release in de-ionized water was measured by fluoride electrode,while the release of silicate (Si),aluminum (A1),sodium (Na),calcium (Ca),strontium (Sr),and phosphorus (P) was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) on days 1,3,7,14,21,and 28.The result showed that fluoride was not released from 3M ConciseTM.GI FX-Ⅱ displayed the largest fluoride release,which,however,dropped rapidly on day 3.3M Clinpro exhibited less fluoride release than GI FX-Ⅱ and BS did.At any time during the 28-day experimental period,GI FX-Ⅱ released more Na than the other sealants (P＜0.001).BS ranked the second in Na release,and a small amount of Na ions was released from the 3M Clinpro and 3M ConciseTM samples.A1 ions were only detected from BS and GI FX-Ⅱ,but not from the 3M Clinpro and 3M ConciseTM.Additionally GI FX-Ⅱ had the largest Si release among the four brands at any time during the experimental period (P＜0.001).Ca ions were detected from 3M Clinpro and 3M ConciseTM,but not from GI FX-Ⅱ.BS released more Sr than the other sealants at any time during the experimental period (P＜0.001).All the samples released similar amounts of P continuously during these 28 days.In conclusion,based on the type and the amount of ion release,BS is the best pit-and-fissure sealant among the four brands.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the ion release from four commercially available pit-and-fissure sealants [3M Clinpro,3M ConciseTM,BeautiSealant (BS),and GI FX-Ⅱ)].With each brand,18 specimens were prepared.Their fluoride release in de-ionized water was measured by fluoride electrode,while the release of silicate (Si),aluminum (A1),sodium (Na),calcium (Ca),strontium (Sr),and phosphorus (P) was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) on days 1,3,7,14,21,and 28.The result showed that fluoride was not released from 3M ConciseTM.GI FX-Ⅱ displayed the largest fluoride release,which,however,dropped rapidly on day 3.3M Clinpro exhibited less fluoride release than GI FX-Ⅱ and BS did.At any time during the 28-day experimental period,GI FX-Ⅱ released more Na than the other sealants (P＜0.001).BS ranked the second in Na release,and a small amount of Na ions was released from the 3M Clinpro and 3M ConciseTM samples.A1 ions were only detected from BS and GI FX-Ⅱ,but not from the 3M Clinpro and 3M ConciseTM.Additionally GI FX-Ⅱ had the largest Si release among the four brands at any time during the experimental period (P＜0.001).Ca ions were detected from 3M Clinpro and 3M ConciseTM,but not from GI FX-Ⅱ.BS released more Sr than the other sealants at any time during the experimental period (P＜0.001).All the samples released similar amounts of P continuously during these 28 days.In conclusion,based on the type and the amount of ion release,BS is the best pit-and-fissure sealant among the four brands.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: há uma busca incessante por agentes fitoterápicos na medicina e odontologia. Dentro da endodontia, busca-se uma substância que potencialize os efeitos biológicos e antimicrobianos do hidróxido de cálcio como curativo de demora. Não há na literatura relatos sobre a associação do cimento Portland com a Bambusa textilis, uma planta nativa da China, onde é usada na elaboração de medicamentos, pois se trata de uma fonte importante de resinas, sendo, portanto utilizadas por seu poder anti-inflamatório, anticatarral, anticonvulsivante e antitérmico. Sabendo da semelhança do cimento Portland com o MTA, e que esse ultimo apresenta bons resultados físico-químicos, surge a dúvida da possibilidade da associação, com a finalidade de melhorar as atividades antimicrobianas, e a interferência na liberação de íons cálcio e hidroxila. Objetivo: avaliar o pH, liberação de íons cálcio e atividade antimicrobiana do cimento Portland associado a Bambusa textilis em diferentes proporções. Metodologia: os cimentos experimentais foram 3 g Cimento Portland + 1,2 ml de Bambusa textilis (G1); 3 g Cimento Portland + 0,6 ml de água + 0,6 de Bambusa textilis (G2); 3 g Cimento Portland + 0,9 ml água + 0,3 ml de Bambusa textilis (G3); 3 g Cimento Portland puro (controle) + 1,2 ml água (G4); Bambusa textilis (controle): 20 microlitros por poço. Para os testes de pH e liberação de íons cálcio foram utilizados tubos de polietileno, os quais foram preenchidos com os cimentos e imersos em frascos contendo água deionizada. As mensurações foram por meio de um peagâmetro e espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica. Para a análise da atividade antimicrobiana, foi utilizada a técnica de difusão radial com cepa de Enterococcus faecalis. Os halos de inibição foram mensurados com auxílio de um paquímetro digital. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste ANOVA para comparação global, e teste de Tukey para comparações individuais, com significância de 5%. Resultados: os valores de pH se mostraram próximos ao neutro para todos os grupos em todos os períodos experimentais. Houve liberação de íons cálcio e ocorreu em todos os grupos e em todos os períodos experimentais. Em relação à atividade antimicrobiana, nenhuma das proporções apresentou atividade. Conclusão: a associação da Bambusa textilis ao cimento Portland manteve seu pH e liberação de íons cálcio, mas não potencializou sua atividade antimicrobiana frente ao E. faecalis. (AU)
Introduction: there is a search for phytotherapeutic agents in medicine and dentistry. Within endodontics, a substance that potentiates the biological and antimicrobial effects of calcium hydroxide as a delay dressing is sought. There are no reports in the literature about the association of Portland cement with Bambusa textilis, a plant native to China, where it is used in the manufacture of medicines, since it is an important source of resins and is therefore used for its anti-inflammatory power, anticonvulsive and antipyretic. Knowing the similarity of the Portland cement with the MTA, and that the latter presents good physicochemical results, the possibility of the association arises, with the purpose of improving the antimicrobial activities, and the interference in the release of calcium and hydroxyl ions. Aim: to analyze the pH, calcium ion release and antibacterial activity of Portland cement associated to Bambusa textilis in different proportions. Methods: the experimental cements Ì proportions were: 3 g of Portland cement + 1.2 ml of Bambusa textilis (G1); 3 g of Portland cement + 0.6 ml of water + 0.6 of Bambusa textilis (G2); 3 g of Portland cement + 0.9 ml of water + 0.3 ml of Bambusa textilis (G3); 3 g of pure Portland cement (control group) + 1.2 ml of water (G4); Bambusa textilis (control group): 20 µLper well. Polyethylene tubes filled with the cements and immersed in deionized water were employed. Calcium ion release was analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the change in pH was determined through a pH meter. For the analysis of antibacterial activity, a digital radial diffusion assay with a Enterococcus faecalis strain was utilized. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey's tests. The level of significance was set at P = 0.05. Results: pH values were close to neutral for all of the experimental groups in all periods evaluated. Calcium ion release was observed in all experimental groups and evaluation periods. Regarding the antibacterial activity, this property could not be detected in any of the proportions used in this study. Conclusions: the association of Bambusa textilis to Portland cement, preserved its pH values and its calcium ion release property. Nevertheless, it did not improve its antibacterial activity against E. faecalis strains. (AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Gram-Positive BacteriaABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate cell toxicity due to ion release caused by galvanic corrosion as a result of contact between base metal and titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was hypothesized that Nickel (Ni)-Chromium (Cr) alloys with different compositions possess different corrosion resistances when contacted with titanium abutment, and therefore in this study, specimens (10 x 10 x 1.5 mm) were fabricated using commercial pure titanium and 3 different types of Ni-Cr alloys (T3, Tilite, Bella bond plus) commonly used for metal ceramic restorations. The specimens were divided into 6 groups according to the composition of Ni-Cr alloy and contact with titanium. The experimental groups were in direct contact with titanium and the control groups were not. After the samples were immersed in the culture medium - Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium[DMEM] for 48 hours, the released metal ions were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test (P<.05). Mouse L-929 fibroblast cells were used for cell toxicity evaluation. The cell toxicity of specimens was measured by the 3-{4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl}-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Results of MTT assay were statistically analyzed by the two-way ANOVA test (P<.05). Post-hoc multiple comparisons were conducted using Tukey's tests. RESULTS: The amount of metal ions released by galvanic corrosion due to contact between the base metal alloy and titanium was increased in all of the specimens. In the cytotoxicity test, the two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of the alloy type and galvanic corrosion for cytotoxicity (P<.001). The relative cell growth rate (RGR) was decreased further on the groups in contact with titanium (P<.05). CONCLUSION: The release of metal ions was increased by galvanic corrosion due to contact between base metal and titanium, and it can cause adverse effects on the tissue around the implant by inducing cytotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Alloys , Corrosion , Dental Alloys , Fibroblasts , Ions , Metal Ceramic Alloys , Nickel , Plasma , TitaniumABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate cell toxicity due to ion release caused by galvanic corrosion as a result of contact between base metal and titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was hypothesized that Nickel (Ni)-Chromium (Cr) alloys with different compositions possess different corrosion resistances when contacted with titanium abutment, and therefore in this study, specimens (10 x 10 x 1.5 mm) were fabricated using commercial pure titanium and 3 different types of Ni-Cr alloys (T3, Tilite, Bella bond plus) commonly used for metal ceramic restorations. The specimens were divided into 6 groups according to the composition of Ni-Cr alloy and contact with titanium. The experimental groups were in direct contact with titanium and the control groups were not. After the samples were immersed in the culture medium - Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium[DMEM] for 48 hours, the released metal ions were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test (P<.05). Mouse L-929 fibroblast cells were used for cell toxicity evaluation. The cell toxicity of specimens was measured by the 3-{4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl}-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Results of MTT assay were statistically analyzed by the two-way ANOVA test (P<.05). Post-hoc multiple comparisons were conducted using Tukey's tests. RESULTS: The amount of metal ions released by galvanic corrosion due to contact between the base metal alloy and titanium was increased in all of the specimens. In the cytotoxicity test, the two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of the alloy type and galvanic corrosion for cytotoxicity (P<.001). The relative cell growth rate (RGR) was decreased further on the groups in contact with titanium (P<.05). CONCLUSION: The release of metal ions was increased by galvanic corrosion due to contact between base metal and titanium, and it can cause adverse effects on the tissue around the implant by inducing cytotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Alloys , Corrosion , Dental Alloys , Fibroblasts , Ions , Metal Ceramic Alloys , Nickel , Plasma , TitaniumABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: todo biomaterial metálico implantado possui alguma interação com os tecidos em contato, havendo liberação de íons por dissolução, desgaste ou corrosão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a liberação de íons metálicos por alguns tipos de biomateriais metálicos, descrevendo a interação íon/tecido e os possíveis efeitos adversos. CONCLUSÃO: os tratamentos de jateamento e ataque ácido propiciam aumento na dissolução e liberação de íons metálicos, mas o recobrimento destas superfícies com hidroxiapatita e o polimento eletroquímico reduzem esta tendência de liberação iônica. Na presença de sintomas de reação adversa ao biomaterial deve-se pesquisar sua composição, realizar testes de alergia e optar por materiais não-metálicos ou que não contenham o elemento agressor. As pesquisas sobre liberação de íons devem ser frequentes, devido ao crescente lançamento de novos biomateriais.
AIM: Every metallic biomaterial has some interaction with surrounding tissues, and ion release occurs by dissolution, wearing or corrosion of the alloy. The aim of this paper was to revise the metal ion release from some metallic biomaterials, describing the ion/tissue interaction and the possible side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Treatments such as sand blasting and etching increases the amount of metallic ion release, but the surface coated with hydroxyapatite and the polishing decreases the ion release. When clinical signs of side effects to the biomaterial are present one should search its composition, do allergic tests and choose non-metallic biomaterials or biomaterials without the aggressor element. The researches about ion release should be frequent due to the use of new biomaterials.
Subject(s)
Dental Etching , Ions/administration & dosage , Ions/adverse effectsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To verify that the metal-on-metal (MOM) surfaces produce metal ions and to ascertain the differences between large and small femoral head diameters with regard to the release of metal ions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty two cases of MOM hip resurfacing arthroplasty (mean head diameter: 47.1 mm) and 39 cases of conventional total hip replacement arthroplasty (head diameter: 28 mm) were performed at our hospital from June 1998 to April 2003. All the cases were followed-up using the serum cobalt and chromium ion levels. The serum cobalt and chromium ion levels were compared in the 21 cases in each group, which were matched by age, weight and follow-up period. The control group involved 21 patients who had undergone an alumina-alumina total hip arthroplasty. The patient's serum metal ion concentration was measured from the serum, which had been separated from the whole blood and diluted using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Agilent 4500, Rhode Island, USA). RESULTS: All MOM bearing implants produced higher serum levels of cobalt and chromium ions than the control. The serum concentration of cobalt with MOM resurfacing was higher than that observed with a 28 mm MOM total hip arthroplasty (p=0.025), but the chromium levels were not significantly different (p=0.501). CONCLUSION: The MOM bearing implants in this study produced elevated serum levels of cobalt and chromium ions. In addition, large diameter heads resulted in greater systemic exposure of cobalt ions than the small diameter heads. However, a long-term follow-up will be needed to determine the clinical significance.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthroplasty , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Chromium , Cobalt , Follow-Up Studies , Head , Hip , Ions , Mass Spectrometry , Plasma , Rhode IslandABSTRACT
To estimate the characteristics of Korean Ni-Ti alloy orthodontic wire, this study investigated compositions, tensile properties, bending properties, heat treatment effects, and ion releasing degrees, and compared these characteristics to those of the imported Ni-Ti alloy wire. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Ti and Ni elements in ORTHOLLOY were in a range showing superelasticity, and there was a little difference in the Ni and Ti contents of ORTHOLLOY as compared with those of SENTALLOY. 2. The results of the tensile test concerning ORTHOLLOY exhibited a superelastic effect, indicating an area of a definite amount of stress in spite of the changes in the range from 2% to 8% in the strain rate. 3. ORTHOLLOY presented higher load values than SENTALLOY in the same deflection values when the wire was tested in three-point bending. A load range displaying a superelastic effect was 80-100g, 140-180g, and l50-200g respectively, in wire diameters of 0.014", 0.016", and 0.018". 4. By heat treatments at 400degreesC and at 500degreesC, a load range showing the effect of superelasticity was lessened by the duration of the heat treatment time. The superelastic effect was destroyed as a result of the 10 minutes heat treatment at 600degreesC. 5. The quantity of the Ni ion released from ORTHOLLOY, tended to be greater than the amount of released Ni ion in SENTALLOY. The Co ion released was very little(<0.01ppm) in SENTALLOY and ORTHOLLOY irrespective of the lapse of time. Released Ni ions on the 1st day were at the maximum, and the releasing rate showed plateaus after three days. 6. The surface morphology of SENTALLOY was relatively regular irrespective of the lapse of time, and the corrosion tendency was not observed. However, the surface morphology of ORTHOLLOY was rather irregular and showed pitting corrosion after immersion.