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Objective To analyze the visual acuity and refractive status of kindergarten children and primary and middle school students in Xinhong Community of Shanghai from 2015 to 2018, and to provide basis and reference for the prevention and control of students' myopia. Methods The data of 3 904 person-times of complete visual acuity and refraction records from 2015 to 2018 was derived from the "Shanghai Residents' Eye Health Information Service System". Results From 2015-2018, the total detection rate of poor vision of kindergarten children and primary and middle school students was 60.86%, and the detection rate of poor vision in kindergarten, primary school and middle school was 29.90%，62.63% and 87.26% respectively，showing an increasing trend with the education stage (χ2=727.206，P2=19.949, P2=1099.978, P<0.05). In terms of growth rate, the increase in myopia in the first grade of primary school was the largest. Conclusion The myopia rate of primary and secondary school students was higher than that of kindergarten children, and showed an increasing trend with the education stage. The critical period of myopia prevention and control should be advanced to the kindergarten stage.
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O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar as variáveis socioeconômicas e psicossociais de crianças que frequentam creches públicas e avaliar a influência destes fatores no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Realizou-se um estudo analítico-observacional transversal com 61 crianças, de ambos os sexos, com idade de quatro a seis anos, frequentadoras das creches públicas na cidade de Goiânia (GO). O desenvolvimento infantil foi avaliado pelo teste de triagem de Denver II e foi aplicado questionário socioeconômico, classificação ABEP e questionários sobre os dados biológicos e clínicos da criança com os pais. Verificou-se que 77% das crianças avaliadas apresentaram risco na classificação global do teste de Denver II, sendo típicas nas áreas psicossocial, motor fino, motor amplo e linguagem. A análise da influência dos fatores revelou que a renda familiar (até R$2.000,00) esteve associada com maior porcentagem de risco no desenvolvimento da linguagem (64%). Os demais fatores não tiveram diferença estatisticamente significativa. Conclui-se que crianças aparentemente normais possam apresentar risco em seu desenvolvimento e a necessidade de novos estudos que apontem a influência significativa dos fatores socioeconômicos e psicossociais sobre o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor.
Socio-economic and psycho-social variables of children in government-run kindergartens are characterized and the influence of such factors on neuro-psychomotor development evaluated. A transversal analytic-observational study was undertaken with 61 children, males and females, aged 4 6 years, in kindergartens in Goiânia GO Brazil. Child development was assessed by Denver Selection Test II and a socio-economic questionnaire, ADEP classification and questionnaires on the children´s biological and clinical data were undertaken. Seventy-seven percent of children rank risk mark in global classification of Denver Test II, typically within the psychosocial area, fine motor, wide motor and language. Analysis for factor influence revealed that family income (up to R$ 2000) was associated with greater risk percentage in language development (64%). There was no statistical difference for the other factors. Although results revealed that apparently normal children showed development risk, further studies are required to weigh the significant influence of socio-economic and psycho-social factors on neuro-psychomotor development.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Socioeconomic Factors , Child Day Care Centers , Child Development , Child, PreschoolABSTRACT
Este estudio buscó identificar y describir las habilidades de comprensión y producción textual narrativa de 158 estudiantes de transición de estrato 1 y 2 de colegios públicos de la ciudad de Barranquilla (Colombia). Para evaluar esta capacidad se les pidió a los niños que narraran un texto que se les había leído anteriormente. Las muestras de lenguaje se analizaron utilizando el software SALT y posteriormente se utilizó el software SPSS para realizar los análisis descriptivos. Se consideró la estructura organizativa microestructura, macroestructura y superestructura desde el nivel de comprensión literal e inferencial. Se encontró que la mayoría de los niños tienen un desarrollo narrativo acorde con su edad, sin embargo, la elaboración inferencial fue escasa, lo que posiblemente afectó la comprensión de la historia por parte de los mismos.
This study aimed to identify and describe the skills of textual narrative comprehension and production in pre-kindergarten students belonging to 1st and 2nd social strata of public schools of the city of Barranquilla (Colombia). To evaluate this capability, the children were asked to narrate a text that had been narrated to them; the language samples were analyzed using the software SALT. The organizational structure of microstructure, macrostructure and superstructure was considered from the level of literal and inferential comprehension, finding that most children have a narrative development according to their age, however the inferential elaboration was low, what possibly affected the understanding of story by children.
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Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) considera la infección respiratoria aguda (IRA) un problema de salud pública, es una enfermedad prevalente de la infancia y se ha demostrado que el ingreso a jardines infantiles aumenta los episodios, la posibilidad de complicaciones y el riesgo de muerte. Objetivo:Identificar algunos factores de riesgo modificables de IRA presentes en jardines infantiles estatales. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, se eligió la totalidad de los hogares infantiles y jardines sociales del municipio de San José de Cúcuta en el año 2011. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos que permitieron describir los factores de riesgo modificables presentes en las instituciones. Resultados: Estas instituciones atienden una población pediátrica 2497 individuos, de los cuales el 49.6% son niñas. Se destacaron diferencias en los riesgos modificables entre los dos tipos de jardines, como la infraestructura física y el personal a cargo del cuidado del menor. Presentaron riesgos similares como fallas en el lavado de manos y poca colaboración de la familia para mantener el cuidado del niño enfermo en casa. Conclusión: Los factores de riesgo presentes en las instituciones requieren atención así como implementación de programas de prevención; sin embargo estos riesgos también pueden encontrarse en el hogar y estos deben de tratarse desde ahí.
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) considers acute respiratory infection as a public health problem. It is a prevalent childhood disease and it has been shown that when children enter to a kindergarten, the infectious episodes as well as the possibility of complications and the risk of death increase. Objective: To identify some modifiable risk factors of acute respiratory infection present in state kindergartens. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was made. All the childrens homes and social gardens of the municipality of San Jose de Cucuta were chosen in 2011. Two instruments were applied, which allowed describing modifiable risk factors in the institutions. Results: These institutions nurse a pediatric population of 2497 people, from which 49.6% are girls. Differences in modifiable risk were highlighted when comparing the two types of institutions, such as physical infrastructure and staff caring for the child. They presented similar risks such as faults in washing hands and little collaboration of the family to maintain the care of the sick child at home. Conclusion: The risk factors presented in the institutions require attention as well as the implementation of prevention programs. However, these risks can also be found at home and they must be dealt with from there.
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Respiratory Tract Infections , Schools, Nursery , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
<b><big>Introduction and Purpose</big></b><br>Overweight and obesity have recently emerged as major problems of malnutrition among children in developing countries. However, risk factors for childhood obesity in Asian countries remain largely unknown. Identification of target populations for its prevention and intervention is urgently needed. This survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity and identify possible risk factors among kindergarten children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.<br><b><big>Methods</big></b><br>In this cross-sectional study conducted in March, 2005, 780 children in their third and fourth years in kindergarten and their mothers were randomly selected from eight local kindergartens. Height and weight of mother-child pairs were measured, and an interview was conducted by trained staff using a questionnaire in Vietnamese. Overweight/obesity was defined as a weight-for-height > 2 SD above the National Center for Health Statistics median reference value. Risk factors for overweight/obesity were analyzed using logistic regression.<br><b><big>Results</big></b><br>There were 741 respondents (377 boys and 364 girls); the response rate was 95.0%. Average age of children was 61.8 ± 6.8 months; the average age of mothers was 35.0 ± 5.2 years. The average height and weight were 110 ± 5.7cm and 21.2 ± 4.0kg respectively. Of the 741 children, 27.8% were identified as being overweight/obesity. Four possible variables selected were: 1) child's sex, 2) mother's awareness of her child's current body type, 3) mother's expectation for her child's body type in the future, 4) mother's awareness of her own current body type .<br><b><big>Conclusion</big></b><br>Our findings point to the importance of addressing appropriate body images in the management of children's nutritional health. Providing sufficient amounts of information on appropriate body type in addition to feeding practice to mothers should be a priority at the Ho Chi Minh City Nutrition Center to prevent child overweight and obesity.