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Aim: To collate and analyse label information on nutrients for meat products (used as sandwich fillings) in the Netherlands, using a standardised methodology established by the Global Food Monitoring Group. The objective was to compare levels of saturated fat (in g/100 grams) and sodium (in mg/100 grams) from 2011-2015 and to evaluate reformulation targets for sodium and saturated fat levels that were due to be met by January 1, 2015. Study Design: Data collection study. Place and Duration: Data collection in two supermarkets in the Netherlands for one month. Methodology: Data were collected by photographing the Nutrition Information Panels (NIPs), front-of-pack communications (Guideline Daily Amounts, health logos) and other back-of-pack information from product labels of processed foods in-store using smartphone technology. Photos were uploaded to a central database where data were entered and checked and cleaned manually. Levels of sodium and saturated fat were calculated and compared with data available from reformulation monitoring reports and with the reformulation targets of the meat sector. Results: Data were collected for 911 processed meat products, with data available for 863 meat products after data cleaning, and 86% (n=745) displaying a NIP. Sodium levels in 2015 were similar compared to concentrations observed in previous years for all subcategories of meat products. For saturated fat, combined heated meat products' saturated fat content was 8 g/100g (SD=3) based on label information in 2015 compared with 10 g/100g (SD=3) based on the label and chemical analyses information of 2014: P<0.001. The percentages of products (2015) which complied with the reformulation targets ranged per product category from 14%-93% for sodium levels and 25%-88% for saturated fat levels. Only a small percentage of meats displayed a health logo (2%) or Guideline Daily Amounts (15%) on the label. Conclusion: Based on the comparison we observed no progress with sodium reductions and little progress with saturated fat reductions in the Netherlands between 2011 and 2015 in processed meat products. In light of the Netherlands’ reformulation covenant of 2014, focus on nutrient levels of meat products could contribute to help meet the national commitment to reduce sodium and saturated fat levels. This method of evaluation could also be used for other product categories to monitor progress and to ultimately decrease the burden of nutrition-associated diseases in the country.
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OBJECTIVE: Anxiolytics and antidepressants are commonly used to treat depressive disorders in pregnant women. Specific and clear evidence is required when managing pregnant patients with such medications to ensure safety. However, information provided by approval label information is insufficient and often different among many countries. By analyzing label information of approval label and other references, this study aims to show the limitations and suggest appropriate directions for retrieving safety information. METHODS: We selected five anxiolytics and eleven antidepressants, which belongs to Korea drug classification codes 117 (psychotropic agents). We chose four countries, Korea, the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom, Japan and collected safety information for pregnant women in label information. We evaluated the safety information based on recommendation level and evidence level. Then, kappa value and overall agreement were calculated using SAS 9.3. to assess data homogeneity. We further searched Reprotox and a textbook about contraindicated drugs in label information. RESULTS: Recommendation level and evidence level was different in each country. The number of commonly contraindicated drug in label information of four countries was none, and contraindicated drugs in labels were different respectively. Kappa value of evidence level between label information of Korea and Japan, the USA and Japan was 0.61, 0.43 respectively, corresponding to 'substantial agreement' and 'moderate agreement'. The overall agreement was 75%, 62.5% respectively. The information of label was different from that of other references, Reprotox and a textbook in terms of the clinical evidences and recommendation levels. CONCLUSION: Safety information of anxiolytics and antidepressants in label information needs to be updated on a regular basis both for health professionals and patients. With the implication of the inconsistent guidance for the safety information in pregnant women, reliable safety information in pregnant women would be needed.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Americas , Anti-Anxiety Agents , Antidepressive Agents , Classification , Depressive Disorder , United Kingdom , Health Occupations , Japan , Korea , Pregnant Women , United StatesABSTRACT
As polpas de açaí congeladas comercializadas no município de Ribeirão Preto/SP foram avaliadas quanto às características nutricionais, físico-químicas, microscópicas e a rotulagem do produto. Os parâmetros físico-químicos como umidade, sólidos totais, cinzas, acidez, proteínas, lipídios, carboidratos, calorias e fibras foram analisados em 30 amostras de polpa de açaí integral, açaí tipo B e açaí tipo C. Os valores obtidos foram comparados com os da legislação e analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). A pesquisa de sujidades leves foi realizada seguindo-se a metodologia da AOAC. A informação nutricional descrita no rótulo do produto foi avaliada baseando-se nas legislações em vigor. Os três tipos de polpas analisados não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes em todos os parâmetros físico-químicos. Na análise microscópica, 50% das amostras apresentaram sujidades como fragmentos de insetos, ácaros, cristais de areia e pelo humano, que indicam a existência de falhas na adoção e/ou manutenção das Boas Práticas de Fabricação. Além disso, 3,33% das amostras foram consideradas impróprias para consumo pela presença de pelo de roedor, matéria estranha prejudicial à saúde humana. Irregularidades nas informações contidas nos rótulos dos produtos indicam a necessidade de melhor adequação quanto às normas gerais de rotulagem por parte dos fabricantes.
The nutritional, physical-chemical, microscopic characteristics and product description on package label of frozen açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart) pulp were assessed. Thirty samples of the whole açai pulp, açai type B and açai type C marketed in the municipality of Ribeirao Preto/SP were analyzed on physical-chemical parameters as moisture, total solids, ash, acidity, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, calories and fibers. The found contents were compared with the legislation and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p <0.05). Light filth presence was investigated following the methodology recommended by AOAC. The nutrients described on the product labels were evaluated based on the legislations in force. No statistically significant differences among the three types of açai pulp were found on all of the analyzed physical-chemical parameters. By microscopic analysis filth as insect fragments, mites, sand crystals and human hair were found in 50% of the samples, which indicated afailure in performing the Good Manufacturing Practices; and 3.33% of samples were found to be unsuitablefor consumption due to the presence of rodent hair, extraneous material harmful to human health. Some labelinformation on the products were at variance with the food labeling regulations.
Subject(s)
Frozen Foods , Food Contamination , Fruit , Food LabelingABSTRACT
<b>Objective </b>: To determine how much label information on over-the-counter (OTC) medicines is contained on packaging, we investigated the items, description methods, and area of label information on packages.<br><b>Methods </b>: We selected 75 common cold remedy products for investigation and classified the items into 3 categories (“items for use”, “items with a regulation requirement”, “items related to product image”) and measured the space given to each item in the total package area.<br><b>Results </b>: All 75 products had “items with a regulation requirement (total 13 items),” but 8 products (only 2 manufacturers) had “consult a physician or pharmacist before use,” which was not a regulation requirement. There were differences in description methods, especially in “caution” and “product name.” Sixty percent of the OTC products used non-red characters with no box-frame, and 11% used red characters and box-frames. The description order was not standardized, but “caution” was located in the lowest space on 80% of products. Many item descriptions appeared in one place, but “product name” generally appeared in more than 4 places. While 4.5 to 8.0 points were commonly given for “items for use,” 16 to 100 points were given for “product name,” and the difference in number of points was greater than 6-fold among products. The percentage of average area for “items related to product image” (6.1%) was 2-fold greater than for “items for use” (3.1%) and “items with a regulation requirement” (2.9%). Almost half of the total package area was blank space.<br><b>Conclusion </b>: Current descriptions in label information vary among items, products, and pharmaceutical companies. Rules on describing information on OTC medicine packaging are thus necessary.