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ABSTRACT: Nowadays, maxillary midline diastema (MMD) can be treated with different multidisciplinary approaches. When restorative dentistry is needed, glass-matrix ceramic materials is one of the best choices, since they present good optical behavior and high survival rates in the anterior dentition. To obtain an adequate interphase, and color integration are one of the main restorative goals, and for that purpose, specific finishing and polishing procedures must be employed to avoid staining and ensure the restoration's color stability. In the case report presented in this article, a single lithium disilicate ceramic fragment was performed to close a MMD produced by the shape alteration of one of the maxillary central incisors. Also, the finishing and polishing procedure is discussed.
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ABSTRACT: Currently, the aesthetic requirements of patients are increasing and they have begun to request more conservative treatments. One alternative to achieve harmonious results is through the indication of ultra-thin veneers. This is considered a conservative technique but the evidence basis for it seems to be limited. The following review attempts to summarize the relevant literature to establish guidelines for clinicians based on scientific evidence regarding the use of ultra-thin veneers. Ultra-thin veneers seem to be a reliable alternative to achieve aesthetic and harmonious results; however, many factors must be considered to ensure correct diagnosis and treatment plan. In addition, the literature is scarce in relation to a consensus on tooth preparation and long-term studies evaluating the success of this type of treatment over time do not exist.
RESUMEN: Actualmente, los requisitos estéticos de los pacientes han aumentando y solicitan tratamientos más conservadores. Una alternativa para lograr resultados armónicos es mediante la indicación de carillas o laminados ultrafinos. Esta se considera una técnica conservadora, pero la base teórica parece ser limitada. La siguiente revisión intenta resumir la literatura relevante para establecer pautas para clínicas basadas en evidencia científica sobre el uso de carillas ultrafinas. Las carillas ultrafinas parecen ser una alternativa confiable para lograr resultados estéticos y armónicos; sin embargo, se deben considerar muchos factores para asegurar un diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento correcto. Además, la literatura es escasa en relación a un consenso sobre la preparación dental y no existen estudios a largo plazo que evalúen el éxito de este tipo de tratamiento a lo largo del tiempo.
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Objective: To evaluate fracture resistance and survival rate of IPS Empress CAD versus Polished Celtra Duo ceramic laminate veneers. Material and Methods:Thirty-six ceramic laminate veneers were fabricated for maxillary anterior teeth. The patients were divided into two groups according to the material Group 1(control group) fabricated from IPS Empress CAD laminate veneers and group 2 (intervention group) fabricated from Polished Celtra Duo laminate veneers. Standardized the same preparation with butt joint design and chamfer finish line located supra gingival were performed for all the teeth. The fabrication of the veneers was performed using Cad\Cam (Ceramill motion) machine, with software (Exocad). The veneers surfaces were treated and silanated according to the manufacture instruction of each ceramic and enamel surfaces were etched where total etch adhesive protocol was obeyed using BISCO. Follow up sessions were done every two months up to one year for each patient using dental probe and operator vision to evaluate the fracture, survival rate, marginal adaptation, sensitivity and caries. according to USPHS criteria (United States Public Health Service). This was performed by an experienced, blinded investigator. Results: Fracture resistance, marginal adaptation, retention, caries and sensitivity were evaluated according to the criteria of USPHS and we found there is no significant difference as both groups scaled zero score. Conclusion: Both IPS Empress Cad and Polished Celtra Duo laminate veneers revealed successful clinical performance in terms of fracture resistance, marginal adaptation, retention, and sensitivity after one year follow up period (AU)
Objetivo: Avaliar a resistência à fratura e a taxa de sobrevivência de laminados de cerâmica IPS Empress CAD versus Celtra Duo polidos. Material e Métodos: Trinta e seis facetas cerâmicas laminadas foram confeccionadas para dentes anteriores superiores. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o material Grupo 1 (grupo controle) confeccionado com laminados IPS Empress CAD e grupo 2 (grupo intervenção) confeccionado com laminados Celtra Duo polidos. A mesma forma de preparo e acabamento de chanfro localizado supra-gengival padronizados foram realizados para todos os dentes. A confecção das facetas foi realizada em máquina Cad \ Cam (Ceramill motion), com software (Exocad). As superfícies laminadas foram tratadas e silanizadas de acordo com as instruções do fabricante de cada cerâmica e as superfícies de esmalte foram condicionadas seguindo o protocolo adesivo de condicionamento ácido total com BISCO. Sessões de acompanhamento foram realizadas a cada dois meses durante um ano para cada paciente usando sonda exploradora e visão do operador para avaliar a fratura, taxa de sobrevivência, adaptação marginal, sensibilidade e cárie; de acordo com os critérios USPHS (Serviço de Saúde Pública dos Estados Unidos). Isso foi realizado por um investigador experiente e cego. Resultados: a resistência à fratura, adaptação marginal, retenção, cárie e sensibilidade foram avaliadas de acordo com os critérios da USPHS e não encontramos diferença significativa, pois ambos os grupos escalonaram pontuação zero. Conclusão: As facetas laminadas IPS Empress Cad e Celtra Duo polido revelaram desempenho clínico bem-sucedido em termos de resistência à fratura, adaptação marginal, retenção e sensibilidade após um período de acompanhamento de um ano. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Marginal Adaptation , Dental Caries , Dental Veneers , Dentin Sensitivity , Flexural StrengthABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar a sobrevida clínica de laminados cerâmicos em zircônia ultratranslúcida e os impactos desse tratamento na qualidade de vida do paciente. Materiais e métodos: O estudo é um ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado, duplo cego (paciente e avaliador) e de caráter longitudinal. A amostra foi de 82 laminados cerâmicos: 39 laminados em dissilicato de lítio para o grupo controle e 43 em zircônia ultratranslúcida para o grupo experimental. O tratamento restaurador foi realizado por cirurgiões-dentistas participantes do projeto de extensão "Próteses Fixas Metal-Free". A coleta de dados foi realizada por um único examinador nos períodos de avaliação de 1 mês (T1), 6 (T2), 12 (T3), 24 (T4), 36 (T5) e 48 (T6) meses. Quanto ao impacto na qualidade de vida, um questionário modificado OIDP (Oral Impact of Daily Performances) foi usado. A análise da longevidade clínica foi feita através dos critérios modificados de Ryge conferidos com espelho clínico e explorador. Os dados referentes a sobrevida dos laminados de diferentes materiais foram representados graficamente através da curva de Kaplan-Meier. Os escores dos critérios de Ryge, e impacto na qualidade de vida do paciente foram a analisados descritivamente. As espessuras médias para cada terço (cervical, medial e incisal) foram comparadas entre os diferentes materiais através do teste Anova 1 fator. Para análise estatística o nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5%. Resultados: A taxa de sobrevida clínica foi de 100% para os laminados de ambos os materiais. Apenas o critério descoloração marginal obteve uma classificação diferente de A. O escore B foi apresentado por 9 laminados de dissilicato de lítio e 2 de zircônia ultratranslúcida, Não houve nenhuma interferência negativa do tratamento na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Falar e relaxar foram as atividades em que o tratamento menos interferiu. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para as espessuras dos laminados entre os dois tipos de materiais. Conclusão: O tratamento com laminados confeccionados em zircônia ultratranslúcida apresenta desempenho clínico similar aos casos tratados em dissilicato de lítio (AU).
Objective: to evaluate the clinical survival of ceramic laminates in ultra-translucent zirconia and the impacts of this treatment on the patient's quality of life. Materials and methods: The study was analyzed as a controlled, randomized, double-blind (patient and evaluated) clinical trial with a longitudinal character. The sample studied was 82 ceramic laminates divided into two groups according to the type of material, 39 laminates in lithium disilicate for the control group and 43 in ultra-translucent zirconia for the experimental group. The restorative treatment was carried out by dentists participating in the extension project "Metal-Free Fixed Prostheses". Data collection was performed by a single examiner in the evaluation periods of 1, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months. For the impact on quality of life, a modified OIDP (Oral Impact of Daily Performance) was used. An analysis of clinical longevity was performed using Ryge's modified criteria with a clinical mirror and explorer. The data on the survival of laminates of different materials were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier curve. The Ryge criteria scores and impact on the patient's quality of life were descriptively arranged. The thicknesses for cervical, medial and incisal were compared between the different materials using the ANOVA One-Way test. For statistical analysis, the level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The clinical survival rate was 100% for the laminates of both materials. Only the discoloration marginally criterion obtained from a classification other than A. The B score was presented by 9 laminates of lithium disilicate and 2 of ultra-translucent zirconia. There was no negative interference from treatment on the quality of life. Talking and relaxing were activities in which the treatment least interfered. No statistically significant difference for laminate thickness between the two materials. Conclusion: The treatment with laminates made of ultratranslucent zirconia has clinical performance similar to the cases treated with lithium disilicate (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Quality of Life , Zirconium , Esthetics, Dental , Survival Analysis , Double-Blind Method , Survival Rate , Surveys and Questionnaires , Analysis of Variance , Longitudinal Studies , Computer-Aided Design/instrumentationABSTRACT
This technical report has been developed to repair the ceramic laminate veneer without removing after fracture. The bonding between the tooth and the laminate veneer is very strict, thus removing the restoration is difficult. The disadvantages such as the loss of tissue from the tooth, the cost and time loss are eliminated with this technique. In this technical report, the cementation of porcelain to porcelain in the presence of the fractured piece is explained step by step (AU)
Este relato técnico foi desenvolvido para reparar o laminado cerâmico sem remoção após fratura. A união entre o dente e o laminado é muito rígida, remover a restauração é difícil. As desvantagens como a perda de tecido do dente, o custo e a perda de tempo são eliminadas com esta técnica. Neste relato técnico, a cimentação de porcelana em porcelana na presença da peça fraturada é explicada passo a passo (AU)
Subject(s)
Cementation , Metal Ceramic Alloys , Dental Porcelain , Dental VeneersABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal fit of laminate veneers made of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate with two thicknesses using different CAD/CAM systems. Material and methods: 42 Laminate veneers milled from zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate were divided into three main groups according to milling machine used into: group X5, laminate veneers fabricated by inLab MCX5 milling machine; group CM, laminate veneers fabricated by Ceramill motion 2 milling machine; and group XL, laminate veneers fabricated by inLab MCXL milling machine. Each group was divided into two subgroups according to veneer thickness into: subgroup I, 0.5 mm thickness laminate veneers and subgroup II, 0.3 mm thickness laminate veneers. The marginal fit was measured using stereomicroscope. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Comparisons of main and simple effects were done utilizing Bonferroni correction. The significance level was set at (p ≤0.05) for all tests. Results: The mean( ± SD) highest marginal discrepancy was recorded in subgroup CMII at 85.45 ± 1.82 µm while the least mean marginal discrepancy was recorded in subgroup X5I (71.24 ± 2.64 µm). Conclusion: Both thicknesses(0.5 mm thickness and 0.3 mm thickness) and all tested CAD/CAM systems produced zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate laminate veneers with clinically acceptable marginal gaps; however, the closed CAD/CAM systems produced veneers with superior marginal fit than open systems at 0.3 mm thickness. The CAD/CAM system with the 5-axis milling machine produced the best marginal fit with 0.5 mm thickness. (AU)
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar a adaptação marginal de facetas laminadas de silicato de lítio reforçado com zircônia com duas espessuras, utilizando diferentes sistemas CAD / CAM. Material e métodos: 42 facetas laminadas fresadas a partir desilicato de lítio reforçado com zircônia foram divididos em três grupos principais de acordo com a fresadora usada em: grupo X5, facetas laminadas fabricados pela fresadora inLab MCX5; grupo CM, facetas laminadas fabricados por Ceramill motion 2; e grupo XL, facetas laminadas fabricados pelo inLab MCXL. Cada grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos, de acordo com a espessura do laminado, em: subgrupo I, facetas laminadas com 0,5 mm de espessura e subgrupo II, facetas laminadas com espessura de 0,3 mm. A adaptação marginal foi medida usando estereomicroscópio. Os resultados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente usando o teste ANOVA de dois fatores seguido pelo teste post hoc de Tukey. Comparações dos efeitos principais e simples foram realizadas utilizando a correção de Bonferroni (P ≤ 0,05). Resultados: A maior discrepância marginal média ( ± DP) foi registrada no subgrupo CMII em 85,45 ± 1,82 µm, enquanto a menor discrepância marginal média foi registrada no subgrupo X5I 71,24 ± 2,64 µm. Conclusão: Ambas as espessuras (0,5 mm e 0,3 mm)e todos os sistemas CAD / CAM testados produziram facetas de laminado de silicato de lítio reforçadas com zircônia com lacunas clinicamente aceitáveis. No entanto, os sistemas CAD / CAM fechados produziam facetas com adaptação marginal superior aos sistemas abertos com 0,3 mm de espessura. O sistema CAD / CAM com a fresadora de 5 eixos produziu a melhor adaptação marginal com 0,5 mm de espessura (AU)
Subject(s)
Computer-Aided Design , Dental Marginal Adaptation , Dental VeneersABSTRACT
Introduction: Aesthetically compromised smile dueto hypodontia needs correction to enhance individual’sfacial appearance. Not only cosmetic but also functionalimprovement after dental rehabilitation will boost up one’sconfidence and positively influence quality of life.Case Report: The case report delineates combined orthoprostho approach during treatment of a 17-year-old femalepatient with congenitally missing maxillary lateral andmandibular central incisors, collapsed anterior arches andspacing. The treatment started with orthodontic correctionfor space creation and distribution, followed by prostheticmanagement with all ceramic fixed dental prosthesis for upperanterior arch and porcelain laminate veneers for lower anteriorteeth.Conclusion: The step by step interdisciplinary approach,which is the principal factor for treating hypodontia in an idealway among many options, gives the patient optimum estheticand functional satisfaction.
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Current trends in restorative dentistry focus on improving the esthetics and keeping the sound dental tissues as long as possible. The aims of this case report were to describe the successful outcome of cubic-phase zirconia laminate veneers for a patient with isolated microdontia by using a digital workflow, and to describe their clinical implications. A 15-year-old female who had isolated microdontia in combination with spacing visited Ajou University Dental Hospital for esthetic treatment. In this case, 6 maxillary anterior teeth were restored with cubic-phase zirconia laminate veneers without tooth structure removal by using a digital impression, computer-aided design (CAD) software, and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) procedures. At 6-month follow-up, no distinct mechanical and biological complications were detected and the prostheses exhibited satisfactory esthetics and functions. Due to its favorable tissue responses and enhanced translucency, cubic-phase zirconia can be a suitable strategy for a noninvasive esthetic approach.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Computer-Aided Design , Dentistry , Esthetics , Follow-Up Studies , Prostheses and Implants , ToothABSTRACT
Smiling is not a simple option in those patients who have a severe aesthetic deformity. Many definitions of aesthetics were introduced in dentistry but according to Young, beauty, harmony, naturalness and individuality are the major qualities of aesthetics. The dentist must visualize aesthetics in relation to the patient and then translate that visualization into an acceptable aesthetic result. The success of his efforts depends upon his artistic ability, his powers of observation and experience. Many treatment options are available to achieve aesthetics in compromised anterior teeth but in recent era with the introduction of advanced material (new ceramic and composite materials) has increased the demand of conservative treatment options. Porcelain laminate Veneers (PLVs) were introduced in the 1980s as an alternative to full-coverage crowns. The present case report describes the treatment of fracture & diastema in the anterior dentition with thin ceramic veneers, to restore esthetics and function.
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Tooth preparation design is essential for successful laminate veneer treatment. Preservative tooth preparation limited on enamel, supra-margin advantageous for plaque control, and maintaining contact points known as a standard concept. However, the tooth preparation design has been the controversial issue. In biomechanical considerations, the incisal coverage should be decided on esthetic needs and necessity for the anterior guidance reconstruction. In occasion for sufficient enamel thickness, preparation can prolong to the palatal side but not recommended at palatal concavity. Elongation to contact point is selective option according to the cases. If an old resin restoration located at contact area, laminate veneer should cover over half area of that after surface treatment. The laminate veneer can be also selected at a partially discolored tooth root canal therapy (RCT) and at this occasion, the fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts are recommended.
Subject(s)
Dental Enamel , Dental Veneers , Tooth Preparation , Tooth Root , ToothABSTRACT
This study evaluated the masking ability of different porcelain thicknesses and combination of enamel and/or dentin porcelain layers over simulated background dental substrates with higher (A2) and lower (C4) color values. Combination of the enamel (E) and dentin (D) monolayer porcelain disks with different thicknesses (0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, and 1 mm) resulted in the following bilayer groups (n=10): D1E1, D1E0.8; D1E0.5; D0.8E0.8; D0.8E0.5, and D0.5E0.5. CIELAB color coordinates were measured with a spectrophotometer. The translucency parameter of mono and bilayer specimens and the masking ability estimated by color variation (ΔE*ab) of bilayer specimens over simulated dental substrates were evaluated. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relationships translucency parameter × ΔE*, translucency parameter × porcelain thickness, and ΔE* × porcelain thickness. Data were analyzed statistically (α= 0.05). Thinner porcelain disks were associated with higher translucency. Porcelain monolayers were considerably more translucent than bilayers (enamel + dentin). Dentin porcelain was less translucent than enamel porcelain with same thickness. ΔE* was always lower when measured over A2 background. Higher ΔE* was observed for the C4 background, indicating poorer masking ability. Increased ΔE* was significantly associated with increased translucency for both backgrounds. Decreased translucency and ΔE* were associated with increased total porcelain thickness or increased dentin thickness for both backgrounds. In conclusion, increased porcelain thickness (particularly increased dentin layer) and increased porcelain opacity resulted in better masking ability of the dental backgrounds.
Resumo Este estudo avaliou a capacidade de mascaramento de diferentes espessuras de porcelana e a combinação de camadas de porcelana de esmalte e/ou de dentina sobre substratos dentais simulados de fundo com cores de maior (A2) e menor (C4) valor. Combinação de discos de porcelana em monocamadas de esmalte (E) e dentina (D) com diferentes espessuras (0,5 mm, 0,8 mm e 1 mm) resultou nos seguintes grupos bicamadas (n=10): D1E1, D1E0,8; D1E0,5; D0,8E0,8; D0,8E0,5 e D0,5E0,5. Coordenadas de cor CIELAB foram mensuradas com um espectrofotômetro. O parâmetro de translucidez de espécimes mono e bicamadas e a capacidade de mascaramento estimada pela variação de cor (ΔE*ab) dos espécimes bicamadas sobre os substratos dentais simulados foram avaliados. Análise de regressão linear foi utilizada para investigar as relações parâmetro de translucidez x ΔE*, parâmetro de translucidez x espessura da porcelana, e ΔE* x espessura da porcelana. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (α=0,05). Discos de porcelana mais finos foram associados a maior translucidez. Monocamadas de porcelana foram consideravelmente mais translúcidas que bicamadas (esmalte + dentina). Porcelana de dentina foi menos translúcida que porcelana de esmalte com mesma espessura. ΔE* foi sempre menor quando mensurado sobre fundo A2. Maior ΔE* foi observado para o fundo C4, indicando pior capacidade de mascaramento. Maior ΔE* foi significativamente associado à maior translucidez para ambos fundos. Menor translucidez e ΔE* foram associados ao aumento da espessura total da porcelana ou aumento da espessura de dentina para ambos fundos. Em conclusão, aumento da espessura da porcelana (particularmente aumento da camada de dentina) e aumento da opacidade da porcelana resultaram em melhor capacidade de mascaramento dos fundos dentários.
Subject(s)
Dental Enamel , Dental Porcelain , Dentin , Spectrophotometry/methodsABSTRACT
Restaurações à base de resina composta direta têm mostrado boas taxas de longevidade, no entanto, apresentam comprometimento estético ao longo do tempo. Para suprir essa carência, as restaurações cerâmicas têm se tornado uma ótima opção de tratamento para dentes anteriores, sendo a cerâmica feldspática a que apresenta melhores propriedades estéticas e capacidade de reprodução de detalhes. Assim, este artigo procurou descrever a confecção de quatro laminados cerâmicos, à base de cerâmica feldspática, para restauração de incisivos superiores, inicialmente restaurados com restaurações insatisfatórias em resina composta. Após a conclusão da reabilitação, foi possível concluir que o tratamento restabeleceu satisfatoriamente a estética e a função da paciente.
Resin composite restorations show good survival rates; however, they present esthetic problems after longer clinical periods. For this, ceramic restorations are a good alternative and feldspathic ceramics present the best esthetic properties. This article describes the fabrication of four laminate veneers with feldspathic ceramics to restore the maxillary incisors with unsatisfactory composite restorations. Good levels of esthetic and function were achieved at case conclusion.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Ceramics , Dental Prosthesis , Dental Veneers , Esthetics, DentalABSTRACT
The treatment of areas demanding esthetic requirements, such as maxillary anterior teeth, should take into account the achievement of a healthy, harmonious to the surrounding tissue, and an attractive smile line. In this case report, smile line, soft tissue and hard tissue morphology, and the anatomy and proportion of the tooth, must be considered. In patients with unesthetic maxillary anterior ratio due to inadequate gingival contour and diastema caused by peg lateralis, it would be challenging to achieve an esthetic restoration by orthodontic treatment alone. In such case, after orthodontic treatment, dento-gingivo-facial compositional diagnosis and analysis, followed by gingivectomy and prosthodontic restoration is needed to improve the interdental mesial/distal, width/length ratio to achieve a satisfactory esthetic result. In addition, when improving the tooth proportion of peg lateralis by prosthodontic treatment, Porcelain laminate veneer (PLV), which results in less tooth structure loss, reproduction of similar shade to that of the proximal tooth and high transparency, is recommended. This case report demonstrates esthetic improvements by prosthodontic restoration through systematic diagnosis and treatment procedure in patients with unesthetic maxillary anterior proportion after orthodontic treatment due to peg lateralis by means of two female patients aged twenty years old.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Dental Porcelain , Diagnosis , Diastema , Esthetics , Gingivectomy , Prosthodontics , Reproduction , ToothABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the translucency of two different laminate ceramic veneers with and without glazing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten millimeter side square-shaped specimens in 0.3 mm and 0.6 mm thick were fabricated for the following materials with and without glazing (n=80): A1 shade IPS e.maxPress (IEM) and Styleveneers (STV). The color coordinates (CIE L* a* b*) of the specimens were measured with a colorimeter. The Translucency parameter (TP) was calculated from the color difference of the material on a black versus a white background. For comparisons between materials and between the' not glazed'and' glazed'groups, unpaired t-test was used to analyze the data (P=.05). RESULTS: The TP (Mean +/- SD) of' not-glazed'and' glazed'group of IEM specimens at 0.3 mm thickness were 45.99 +/- 3.00 and 49.53 +/- 2.28 and the TP at 0.6 mm thickness were 32.82 +/- 2.59 and 43.02+/-0.98, respectively. Likewise, the TP of' not-glazed'and' glazed'group of STV specimens at 0.3 mm thickness were 47.03 +/- 3.65 and 50.95 +/- 3.05 and the TP at 0.6 mm thickness group were 34.48 +/- 1.28 and 43.39 +/- 1.20, respectively. As the glazing of ceramic veneer differed, the TP of each ceramic veneer showed statistically significant difference. But, the result between the products was not statistically different. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, we are concluded that the glazing process changed translucency of laminate ceramic veneers and the TP would not be affected by products.
Subject(s)
CeramicsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether surface treatments affect the translucency of laminate veneers with different shades and thicknesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 224 disc-shaped ceramic veneers were prepared from A1, A3, HT (High Translucent) and HO (High Opaque) shades of IPS e.max Press (Ivoclar Vivadent) with 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm thicknesses. The ceramics were divided into four groups for surface treatments. Group C: no surface treatments; Group HF: etched with hydrofluoric acid; Group SB: sandblasted with 50-microm Al2O3; and Group L; irradiated with an Er;YAG laser. A translucent shade of resin cement (Rely X Veneer, 3M ESPE) was chosen for cementation. The color values of the veneers were measured with a colorimeter and translucency parameter (TP) values were calculated. A three-way ANOVA with interactions for TP values was performed and Bonferroni tests were used when appropriate (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: There were significant interactions between the surface treatments, ceramic shades and thicknesses (P=.001). For the 0.5-mm-thick specimens there were significant differences after the SB and L treatments. There was no significant difference between the HF and C treatments for any shades or thicknesses (P>.05). For the 1-mm-thick ceramics, there was only a significant difference between the L and C treatments for the HT shade ceramics (P=.01). There were also significant differences between the SB and C treatments except not for the HO shades (P=.768). CONCLUSION: The SB and L treatments caused laminate veneers to become more opaque; however, HF treatment did not affect the TP values. When the laminate veneers were thinner, both the shade of the ceramic and the SB and laser treatments had a greater effect on the TP values.
Subject(s)
Cementation , Ceramics , Dental Porcelain , Hydrofluoric Acid , Resin CementsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: There is insufficient data regarding the durability of porcelain laminate veneers bonded to existing composite fillings. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and microleakage of porcelain laminate veneers bonded to teeth with existing composite fillings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty maxillary central incisors were divided into three groups (for each group, n=10): intact teeth (NP), teeth with class III composite fillings (C3) and teeth with class IV cavities (C4). Porcelain laminate veneers were made using IPS-Empress ceramic and bonded with Panavia F2 resin cement. The microleakage of all of the specimens was tested before and after cyclic loading (1 x 10(6) cycles, 1.2 Hz). The fracture resistance values (N) were measured using a universal testing machine, and the mode of failure was also examined. The statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the mean microleakage of group C4 compared with group NT (P=.013). There was no significant difference in the fracture loads among the groups. CONCLUSION: The microleakage and failure loads of porcelain laminate veneers bonded to intact teeth and teeth with standard class III composite fillings were not significantly different.
Subject(s)
Ceramics , Dental Porcelain , Incisor , Resin Cements , ToothABSTRACT
Los continuos avances en la tecnología, materiales dentales y equipamientos han contribuido significativamente con el nivel que la Odontología estética está logrando hoy. Entre estas innovaciones, el desarrollo de restauraciones de cerámica pura ha evolucionado aportando diferentes alternativas. Las cerámicas han presentado una rápida evolución desde el punto de vista tecnológico con el objetivo de mejorar las propiedades mecánicas y ópticas. En la actualidad existen varios sistemas de cerámicas libres de metal con propiedades mecánicas y ópticas excelentes, para la confección de coronas unitarias y plurales. Estos sistemas modernos se presentan con variadas composiciones y diferentes técnicas de confección, haciendo de estos más versátiles. Dentro de esta perspectiva, el mercado odontológico ofrece una gama enorme de nuevos materiales indirectos y sistemas libres de metal para la confección de prótesis, lo que proporciona nuevas opciones, más también nuevas interrogantes para decidir entre las alternativas disponibles. En este contexto esta revisión de la literatura tiene como objetivo abordar los diferentes sistemas cerámicos del punto de vista de su composición y sus diferentes técnicas de obtención
The continuing advances in technology, dental materials and equipment have contributed significantly to improve the level of esthetic dentistry today. Among these innovations, development of pure ceramic restorations has evolved to give different alternatives. Dental ceramics have presented a rapidly technological changing to improve mechanical and optical properties. Currently there are several systems of metal free ceramics with excellent mechanical and optical properties, for making crowns and plurals. These modern systems are presented with various compositions and different preparation techniques, making these more versatile. Within this perspective, the dental market offers a huge range of new indirect and metal-free materials for prostheses, providing new options, plus also new questions to decide among the available alternatives. The aim of this review is take a view of the different ceramic systems in terms of its composition and different techniques of production
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Metal Ceramic Alloys/therapeutic use , Crowns , Dental Veneers , Mouth Rehabilitation/methodsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to colorimetrically evaluate the masking effect of different opacity of ingots on the final shade of IPS Empress Esthetic(R) laminate veneer restorations using the CIE L*a*b* system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six porcelain disks of IPS Empress Esthetic(R) system (translucency: E 01, E 03, E 0C-1, E TC-1, E TC-2, E TC-3) were fabricated with 7 mm in diameter and 0.6 mm in thickness. Six extracted human incisors (shade: A1, A3, A4, B2, B3, C3) were used as the abutment specimens. The incisors were prepared using a diamond wheel and made with a flat labial surface on the middle 1/3. For each combination of different shades of abutments and copings, the change in color was measured with a colorimeter. CIE L*a*b* coordinates were recorded for each specimen. Color differences (DeltaE) were calculated. Descriptive statistical analysis was done. RESULTS: DeltaE values were significantly affected by coping translucency and abutment shade (P<.05). The color differences (DeltaE) of laminate veneers among abutments with A3, B3, C3, and A4 shade were mostly below 2.7 which was within the clinically acceptable range, while color differences between A4 and B2, A3 and B2, and A1 and A4 showed more than 2.7. CONCLUSION: The final color of IPS Empress Esthetic(R) laminate veneers were significantly influenced by translucency of the coping and shade of abutment teeth. The large value difference of abutment teeth limited the masking ability by laminate veneers.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Porcelain , Diamond , Incisor , Masks , ToothABSTRACT
Vacuum pyrolysis of phenolic resin laminate substrate in temperature-programmed furnace reactor was studied.The sample and product oils were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Analytical results showed that the up per clear liquid of pyrolysis oils was mainly consisted of water-soluble substances, such as phenol, cresol, xy lenol, sugars, hydantoins, morpholines, pyranones and pyridine derivatives compounds, etc., while the lower sediment was mainly insoluble or hardly water-soluble substances, such as the big substituent phenolics (the number of substituent carbon atoms of which is greater than or equal to 2), aryl phosphate esters, fatty acid esters and nitrile compounds, and so on.Both of the upper clear liquid and lower sediment have a higher content of melamines.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar in vitro a dissipação de tensões em incisivos centrais superiores humanos restaurados com facetas de cerâmica feldspática, através da análise do método dos elementos finitos, considerando cargas funcionais de mastigação e corte dos alimentos, em função de três tipos de preparos utilizados: sem proteção incisal; com proteção incisal em ângulo e com proteção incisal em degrau palatino. Foram utilizadas modelagens bidimensionais de um incisivo central superior e suas estruturas de suporte, simulando três situações: (Primeira modelagem) incisivo central superior com desgaste vestibular (em forma de janela); (Segunda modelagem) incisivo central superior com desgaste vestibular e proteção incisal em plano inclinado; (Terceira modelagem) incisivo central superior com desgaste vestibular, e proteção incisal com degrau palatino. Foi considerada uma carga (P=100N) com uma inclinação de 45º concentrada, simulando a região de contato do incisivo central inferior com o superior durante a mastigação e uma na região de contato topo a topo dos incisivos superior e inferior, simulando o corte dos alimentos. Após a análise dos dados obtidos pela distribuição de tensões, pode-se concluir que quanto à dissipação das tensões em todo o sistema proposto, com a aplicação de carga em 45º, não foram observadas mudanças no estado tensional nos três diferentes preparos. Quando foi aplicada carga vertical, simulando o contato de topo, houve variação no estado tensional no sistema do dente com preparo em janela. Nas facetas, com a aplicação de carga em 45º, nos preparos em janela e com proteção incisal em plano inclinado o resultado foi semelhante nos valores tensionais enquanto, nas facetas em dentes preparados com proteção incisal com degrau palatino, a distribuição foi mais homogênea tendo valores superiores, mostrando que o abraçamento do dente diminuiu a flexão.
The aim of this study is to analyze in vitro stress dissipation on human maxillary central incisors restored with ceramic feldspathic veneers, through the finite element method. Functional chewing and food cutting loads were evaluated in three types of preparations of teeth: preparation without incisal protection, with incisal angle protection and with incisal protection with palatal step. Two-dimensional modeling of a maxillary central incisor and its supporting structures were used, simulating three conditions: 1) First modeling - maxillary central incisor with facial preparation (window shape); 2) Second modeling - maxillary central incisor with facial preparation and incisal protection on an inclined plane; 3) Third modeling - maxillary central incisor with facial preparation and incisal protection with palatal step. The chosen load (P = 100N) was applied to two different points: one of them to the palatal aspect with an inclination of 45° in order to simulate the contact area of the mandibular and the maxillary central incisors during chewing and the other one to the region of contact with edge-to-edge upper/lower central incisors, simulating food cutting. After analyzing the data obtained from the stress distribution it is possible to conclude that there are no alterations in tensional characteristics of the three different preparations concerning the stress dissipation on the whole proposed system, considering the application of load in 45°. When the vertical load was applied, simulating an edge-to-edge contact, a variation in the stress state of tooth with window preparation was observed. For veneers with 45° load application, both the window preparation teeth and teeth with incisal protection on an inclined plane presented similar tensional values. For veneers of prepared teeth with incisal protection with palatal step, the stress distribution was more homogeneous with higher values, showing that tooth embracement reduced flexion.