Left atrial function and volume by magnetic resonance in patients with hereditary amyloidosis

ABSTRACT Background Left atrial (LA) enlargement is a reliable predictor of adverse cardiovascular events, and reduced atrial function is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with amyloidosis. The objective of this study was to characterize the LA function in Mexican patients with a confirmed diagnosis of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (amyloid transthyretin [ATTR]) Methods All consecutive patients with diagnosis of hereditary ATTR who underwent a cardiac magnetic resonance study in the period from March 2016 to June 2017 were included in the study; the volumes and function of the left atrium were evaluated Results Patients were divided into two groups, one with and one without cardiac amyloidosis. Statistically significant differences were observed between both groups in terms of indexed maximal LA volume, 26 mL versus 35.9mL, p = 0.03; indexed minimal LA volume, 10.7 mL versus 13.6mL, p = 0.03; and indexed LA pre-contraction volume, 17 mL versus 22.4mL, p = 0.03. No statistically significant differences were observed between both groups when comparing neither different ejection volumes nor the different ejection fractions Conclusions Patients with hereditary ATTR with cardiac involvement have remodeling of the left atrium, with increased atrial volumes, without diminishing its function.

Strain de la aurícula izquierda por speckle tracking: descripción de protocolo para su medición "paso a paso"

En base a la evidencia disponible y a la experiencia de trabajo en la cohorte del estudio GEnotipo, Fenotipo y Ambiente de la HiperTensión arterial en el UruguaY (GEFA-HT-UY) se describe un protocolo "paso a paso" para la adquisición y medición de strain de la aurícula izquierda, tanto de forma global como para un análisis segmentario tipo "ojo de buey", mediante ecocardiografía bidimensional con speckle tracking.

Summary: Based on the available evidence and work experience of the GEnotipo, Fenotipo y Ambiente de la HiperTensión arterial en el UruguaY (GEFA-HT-UY) cohort, a "step by step" protocol for the acquisition and measurement of the left atrial strain is described, both as a global and segmentary analysis ("bull's eye" like ) using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.

Baseado nos elementos disponíveis e a experiência de trabalhar na coorte do estudo GEnotipo, Fenotipo y Ambiente de la HiperTensión arterial en el UruguaY (GEFA-HT-UY) se descreve um protocolo de "passo a passo" para a aquisição e a medição do strain da aurícula esquerda, tanto em forma global como pra uma análise segmentar tipo "olho de boi", usando a ecocardiografia bidimensional com speckle tracking.

Left atrial function in healthy Chinese population by cardiac magnetic resonance-feature tracking imaging: A quantitative study / 第二军医大学学报

ObjectiveTo quantitatively evaluate the left atrial function in healthy Chinese population by cardiac magnetic resonance-feature tracking (CMR-FT). MethodsHealthy individuals with normal magnetic resonance examination results were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria. Cardiac long- and short-axis images and cine were obtained using semi-Fourier single-shot technique and balanced steady-state free precession sequence. The left atrial function parameters, including left atrial volume, ejection fraction, strain and strain rate, were measured by 2 independent observers. Two independent sample t test was used to compare the parameters between males and females. One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the parameters among different age groups. ResultsA total of 63 volunteers were included in this study. Of 63 volunteers, 34 were males and 29 females; and 19 volunteers were aged≤29 years, 23 were aged 30-44 years and 21 were aged≥45 years. The anteroposterior diameter of left atrium was (26.1±4.5) mm, and the transverse diameter was (54.8±5.9) mm. The total ejection fraction of left atrium was (63.5±6.9)%, total strain was (45.9±11.7)%, and total strain rate was (1.5±0.5) s-1. The passive ejection fraction of left atrium was (24.6±9.1)%, passive strain was (22.2±8.1)%, and passive strain rate was (-0.8±0.3) s-1. The active ejection fraction of left atrium was (51.3±8.9)%, active strain was (23.7±9.2)%, and active strain rate was (-1.3±0.5) s-1. There were significant differences in the body surface area, the left atrial diameters, maximal volume and pre-active contraction volume between the males and the females (all P0.05). There were significant differences in the left atrial conduit function among the different age groups (all P0.6, and the Bland-Altman analysis showed better consistency between the two observers. ConclusionCMR-FT can be used to obtain parameters related to left atrial function in healthy Chinese population due to its high repeatability.

Assessment of left atrial function in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis by real time three-dimensional echocardiography / 重庆医学

Objective To evaluate of left atrial(LA) function in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis(MS) by real time three‐dimensional echocardiography (RT‐3DE) .Methods Thirty patients with MS and 50 healthy volunteers underwent RT‐3DE . The left atrial end‐diastolic volume (LAVmax ) ,end‐systolic volume (LAVmin ) and pre‐systolic volume (LAVpre ) were measured to calculate the total ,passive and active atrial stroke volume (TASV ,PASV ,AASV) ,left atrial expansion index (LAEI) ,left atrial to‐tal ,passive ,active ejection fraction (LAEF ,LAEFpassive ,LAEFactive ) .The volume data were corrected by body surface area (BSA) to gettheleftatrialend‐diastolicvolumeindex (LAVmaxI),end‐systolicvolumeindex(LAVminI),pre‐systolicvolumeindex(LAVpreI) and the total ,passive and active atrial stroke volume index (TASVI ,PASVI ,AASVI) .The correlations between the LA volume , stroke volume ,function indices and the mitral valve area (MVA) were analyzed .Results (1)LAVmaxI ,LAVminI and LAVpreI were significantly greater in patients with MS than the controls(all P0 .05) .(3) LAEI ,LAEF ,LAEFpassive and LAEFactive were significantly lower in patients with MS than the controls(all P0 .05) .Conclusion LA function in patients with mitral stenosis decreased .RT‐3DE can be used to evaluate LA function in patients with MS and sinus rhythm .

Valoración de la función auricular izquierda con el empleo del análisis de la deformidad miocárdica por speckle tracking / A avaliação da função do átrio esquerdo com o uso de análise de deformidade do miocárdio por specke tracking / Assessment of left atrial function with the use of analysis of myocardial deformity specke tracking

Introducción. El tamaño y la función de la aurícula izquierda (AI) son predictores de mal pronóstico. Nuevas técnicas ecocardiográficas permiten evaluar la función global y regional de la AI. Objetivo. Comparar la función de la AI utilizando la deformidad miocárdica auricular (DMA) en pacientes con dilatación de la AI y sujetos controles. Métodos. Estudio prospectivo, en mayores de 18 años, estudiados entre Julio y Diciembre de 2013. Se registraron datos epidemiológicos y se tomaron medidas ecocardiográficas en modo M y Doppler y speckle tracking. Resultados. Se estudiaron 50 pacientes divididos en 2 grupos: AI dilatada (A) y AI normal (B). Hubo una correlación lineal significativa entre el área y el volumen de la AI en el grupo A y diferencias significativas en el strain longitudinal global entre ambos grupos. El strain de la AI fue mayor en el grupo B. Hubo una correlación lineal inversa significativa en el grupo A entre la velocidad, strain y strain rate globales con el volumen de la AI. Conclusiones. El aumento del volumen de la AI se asoció a una disminución de la función de reservorio de la AI. La DMA nos permite una evaluación regional y global no invasiva y confiable de la función auricular izquierda.

Introduction. The size and function of the left atrium (LA) are predictors of poor prognosis. New echocardiographic techniques allow the assessment of global and regional function of the LA. Objective. To compare the role of LA using atrial myocardial deformation (AMD) in patients with dilatation of LA and in control subjects. Methods. This is a prospective study in 50 patients over 18 years, studied between July and December 2013. Epidemiological data were recorded and echocardiographic measurements were taken in M mode, Doppler and speckle tracking. Results. The 50 patients were divided into two groups: dilated LA (A) and normal LA (B) were studied. There was a significant linear correlation between the area and volume of the LA in A group and significant differences in the global longitudinal strain between the two groups. The percentage of AMD was higher in B group. There was a significant inverse linear correlation in A group, between velocity, global strain and global strain with the LA volume. Conclusions. The increase in LA volume was associated with a decreased function of reservoir of LA. The AMD allows us to assess the regional and global non-invasive of LA early dysfunction.

Introdução. O tamanho e a função do átrio esquerdo (AE) são preditores de pior prognóstico. Novas técnicas de ecocardiografia permitem avaliação da função global e regional do AE. Objetivo. Comparar o papel do AE usando deformação do miocárdio atrial (DMA) em pacientes com AE dilatados e indivíduos controle. Métodos. Estudo prospectivo em 50 pacientes com mais de 18 anos, estudados entre Julho e Dezembro de 2013. Os dados epidemiológicos foram registrados e as medidas ecocardiográficas foram tomadas em modo M com Doppler e specke tracking. Resultados. Foram estudados 50 pacientes divididos em dois grupos: AE dilatado (A) y AE normal (B). Houve uma correlação linear significativa entre a área e o volume do AE no grupo A e diferenças significativas na deformação longitudinal global entre os dois grupos. O strain de AE foi maior no grupo B. Houve uma correlação linear inversa significativa no grupo A entre a velocidade, strain e strain rate globais com o volume do AE. Conclusões. O aumento no volume do AE foi associado com uma diminuição da função de reservatório do AE. A DMA permite uma avaliação regional e global não-invasivo e confiável da função atrial esquerda.

Evaluation of Left Atrial Function Changes in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Using Two-dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the changes of left atrial(LA)function in peripartum cardiomyopathy(PPCM)patients using two?dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography(2DSTE). Methods Totally 35 PPCM patients and 35 healthy postpartum women(control group)were en?rolled in this study. Left ventricular end?diastolic diameter(LVEDd)and LA anteroposterior dimension(LAAD)were measured. The end?diastol?ic volume(EDV)and end?systolic volume(ESV)were obtained using biplane modified Simpson′s method. Cardiac output(CO)and left ventricu?lar ejection fraction(LVEF)were also calculated. E wave and A wave of mitral valve were measured,and correspondingly E/A ratio were obtained. LA longitudinal systolic strain(SS),systolic strain rate(s?SR),early diastolic strain rate(e?SR),and late diastolic strain rate(a?SR)were ob?tained by 2DSTE. Results There was no statistical difference of E wave between the two groups(P>0.05). Compared to the normal control group, LVEDd,EDV,ESV,LAAD,E/A were increased,while CO,LVEF,A,SS,s?SR,e?SR,a?SR were decreased in the PPCM group(P<0.05). a?SR was positively correlated with A wave in patients with PPCM(r=0.775,P=0.001). Conclusion LA reservoir,conduit and booster pump func?tion were decreased during PPCM. 2DSTE can easily and accurately assess these changes of LA function.

Association between Left Atrial Enlargement on Echocardiography and In-hospital Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

OBJECTIVE: Longstanding hypertension lead to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with a development of a left atrial enlargement (LAE) which may result in vulnerability to atrial fibrillation (AF). Paroxysmal AF is usually unrevealed in the acute period of ischemic stroke, but is crucial for anticoagulation to prevent recurrent stroke. This study was aimed to investigate the frequency of LAE and the predictors of paroxysmal AF during the hospitalization of acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: A total 1,643 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were registered in between January 2005 and December 2014. The subjects who had AF before index stroke or at admission were excluded. The clinical and echocardiographic findings of all patients were reviewed. Paroxysmal AF were detected on electrocardiography of Holter monitoring during hospitalization. LAE were defined as LA diameter larger than 44 mm in echocardiography. We compared the frequency of LAE between the patients with or without AF. Logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the echocardiographic parameters for prediction of paroxysmal AF. RESULTS: The mean age was 67.3 and the male was 55.6%. AF were detected in 123 (11.4%) of LAE(-) group but were detected in 102 (49.0%) in LAE(+) group. In logistic regression analysis, LAE significantly predicted for newly detected AF during hospitalization after adjusting covariates (odds ratio, 5.698; 95% confidence interval, 3.799-8.546; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: LAE was an independent predictor for AF during hospitalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Prolonged electrocardiography monitoring should be meticulously indicated for acute ischemic stroke with LAE to detect paroxysmal AF.

Alterações precoces da função diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo e da função do átrio esquerdo na doença de chagas detectadas ao doppler tecidual e por novos índices ecocardiográficos: Ecocardiografia tridimensional e deformação miocárdica / Early changes in diastolic function of the left ventricle and left atrium function in Chagas disease detected by tissue Doppler echocardiographic indices and new: Three-dimensional echocardiography and myocardial deformation

Fundamento: A doença de Chagas ainda é importante problema de saúde pública na América Latina onde 12 a 15 milhões de pessoas são infectadas pelo Trypanosoma cruzi. A forma crônica cardíaca apresenta alta morbimortalidade. A disfunção diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) está presente em diferentes estágios da doença de Chagas e o seu diagnóstico pode ser uma estratégia para o reconhecimento precoce do acometimento cardíaco na doença de Chagas. Objetivos: Analisar a função diastólica do VE e a função do AE em pacientes na fase crônica da doença de Chagas sem acometimento global ou segmentar da função sistólica do VE. Métodos: Pacientes com doença de Chagas entre 18 e 60 anos de idade foram consecutivamente analisados no período de março de 2010 a agosto de 2011. Ecocardiogramas de 52 pacientes sem lesão cardíaca aparente, 29 no estágio A da fase cardíaca (alterações apenas no eletrocardiograma) e 25 controles foram analisados. A função diastólica do VE foi analisada pelo fluxo mitral, fluxo de veia pulmonar, velocidade de propagação ao modo M colorido, untwist do VE e Doppler tecidual do anel mitral. A função do AE foi avaliada pela ecocardiografia tridimensional e pela análise de deformação bidimensional...

Resultados: Todos os grupos tinham idade e massa corpórea similar. Todos os grupos tinham diâmetros cavitários, massa do VE e função sistólica do VE similares. A disfunção diastólica foi mais prevalente em pacientes no estágio A que em pacientes sem envolvimento cardíaco aparente. Os parâmetros derivados do Doppler tecidual foram os melhores para discriminar o grau de disfunção diastólica entre os grupos. A razão EE foi progressivamente maior e a razão EA foi progressivamente menor de controles, para indeterminados e pacientes no estágio A. Os volumes do AE foram maiores em pacientes no estágio A, porém as frações de esvaziamento do AE foram similares entre os grupos. O pico positivo do do AE foi menor no estágio A enquanto que os outros parâmetros do do AE não diferiram entre os grupos. Conclusões: Pacientes com doença de Chagas e função sistólica do VE preservada apresentam disfunção diastólica, a qual é mais prevalente em pacientes no estágio A. O Doppler tecidual é o melhor índice para identificar a diferença na função diastólica entre os grupos estudados. Apenas a função condutiva do AE estava deprimida em pacientes no estágio A da fase cardíaca da doença de Chagas. Novos estudos são necessários para definir o valor prognóstico dos achados dessa Tese...

Left Atrial Mechanical Function and Stiffness in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in the left atrial (LA) structure and function may develop in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). We sought to determine the contribution of LA mechanical function, including LA stiffness, to AF by comparing patients with paroxysmal AF with normal control subjects, and to evaluate whether LA mechanical function and stiffness are related with the structural changes of LA. METHODS: Sixty-four paroxysmal AF patients (57 +/- 13 years, 59% male) were studied, using a speckle tracking echocardiography, and were compared with 34 age-, gender-, and left ventricular (LV) mass-matched controls (53 +/- 14 years, 61% male). LA volume indices, expansion index for reservoir function, active emptying fraction for contractile function, mitral annular velocities, and global longitudinal LA strain were measured. The ratio of E/e' to LA strain was used as an index of LA stiffness. RESULTS: Patients with paroxysmal AF had similar LV volume indices, ejection fraction, and diastolic function, when compared with that of the normal controls. However, paroxysmal AF patients showed increased LA volume indices and decreased LA reservoir function, but similar contractile function. LA stiffness was increased in patients with paroxysmal AF than in the control subjects (0.40 +/- 0.25 vs. 0.29 +/- 0.10, p = 0.002), and was related with LA volume indices and reservoir function. CONCLUSION: Patients with paroxysmal AF have decreased LA reservoir function and increased stiffness, in comparison with that of the control subjects. LA stiffness was significantly related with LA volume indices and reservoir function. LA stiffness can be used for the assessment of LA function in patients with paroxysmal AF.

Função diastólica e volume atrial esquerdo em obesas com e sem síndrome metabólica e com pressão de enchimento de ventrículo esquerdo normal pelo Doppler tecidual / Diastolic function and left atrial volume index in obese with and without metabolic syndrome and with normal left atrial filling pressure through tissue Doppler

Introdução: A obesidade na presença ou ausência de síndrome metabólica (SM) prenuncia o aparecimento de doenças cardiovasculares e mortalidade. A medida do índice volumétrico atrial (IVA) esquerdo, em pacientes com pressão de enchimento normal e com poucas alterações na função diastólica, possivelmente pode apresentar alterações estruturais precoces em obesos com ou sem (SM). Objetivo: Este estudo propôs avaliar alterações estruturais atriais esquerdas, em grupo de obesos, com e sem (SM) e com pressão de enchimento normalpela relação E/e´. Foram incluídos, somente, pacientes com teste de esforço e história clínica negativa para coronariopatia. Material e métodos: Estudo transversal observacional incluiu, de forma consecutiva, 77 pacientes, assim distribuídos: 17 estróficos, 28 sem (SM), 32 com (SM). Exames metabólicos, ecocardiograma e teste de esforço foram realizados dentro do mesmo mês. As medidas ecocardiográficas seguiram as normas da Sociedade Americana de Ecocardiografia. O teste de esforço foi realizado de acordo com o protocolo de Bruce. A classificação do perfil metabólico seguiu as normas da ATP III. Resultados: O (IVA) esquerdo associou-se, pela analise de regressão múltipla, com HDL (β=0,3) colesterol total (β=0,08), TRIV (β=-0,1), TD (β=0,1), onda E (β=0, 3), onda s (β= -0,6). p<0,05 Analise univariada, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica (r=0,5), onda e´ (r= -0,5), E/e´ (r=0,5), TD (r=0,6), IMC e cintura abdominal (r=0,3), p<0,05. Conclusão: O (IVA) esquerdo encontrou-se alterado, em obesos com síndrome metabólica, com discretas alterações da função diastólica. Fatores não hemodinâmicos poderiam estar associados às alterações do (IVA) esquerdo.

Obesity predicts the oncoming of cardiovascular disease and mortality either in the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. Themeasurement of the left atrial volume in patients with normal filling pressure, and with a few alterations in diastolic function, can possibly present premature structural changes in obese patients with or without MS. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigatestructural changes in the left atrial in a group of obese patients with and without normal filling pressure by E /e´. It was included only patients who underwent treadmill test, and negative clinical history for coronary disease. Material and methods: A Cross-sectional (observational) study included consecutively 77 patients distributed as follows: 17 eutrophic, 28 without MS, 32 with MS. Metabolic tests, echocardiogram and stress test were performed in the month of their completion. Echocardiographic measurements followed the rules ofthe American Society of Echocardiography. The treadmill test was performed according to the Bruce protocol. The classification of themetabolic profile followed the rules of the ATP III. Results: The left (AVI) was associated through multiple regression analysis with HDLβ=0,3 , cholesterol total β= 0.08, TRIV β= - 0.1, TD β= 0.1,E β= 0.3, s basal lateral wall β=- 0.6 .p<0.05. (AVI) by means of univariate analysis had been associated with arterial systolic and diastolic pressure R=0.5, basal lateral wall e´ R=- 0.5, E/e´ R=0.5, TD R= 0.6 and IMC and waist circumference R=0.3. p<0.05. Conclusion: The left IVA was altered in obese patients with MS, with rates of relaxation and filling pressure within normal limits. Non hemodynamic factors might be associated with these early changes of left IVA.

Quantitative Assessment of Left Atrial Function in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies Using Two-dimensional Strain Echocardiography and Left Atrium Volume Index / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the functions of the left atrium using two-dimensional strain（2DS）echocardiography and left atrium volume index（LAVI）in the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy（HCM）and explore its clinical value.Methods There were 37 patients with HCM and 35 healthy subjects enrolled in our study.Left atrial passive ejection fraction（LAPEF）and left atrial active ejection fraction（LAAEF）were calculated using Simpson＇s method.The analysis for atrial longitudinal peak systolic strain（S）,peak systolic stain rate（SRs）,peak early diastolic stain rate（SRe）and peak late diastolic strain rate（SRa）on the interatrial septum and the lateral wall of the left atrium were performed using 2DS echocardiography.Results LAPEF and LAAEF significantly decreased compared with those in the control group（P 0.05,P 0.01）.LAVI in HCM group increased compared with that of the control group（P 0.01）.S,SRs,SRe and SRa of the interatrial septum and the lateral wall were lower in patients with HCM than those in control group（P 0.05）.LAVI was negatively correlated to 2DS（r =0.73,P 0.05）.Conclusion The left atrial functions decreased in patients with HCM.2DS and LAVI are readily obtained parameters that provide unique data about global and segmental atrial functions.

Atrial Mechanical Function After Maze Procedure for Atrial Fibrillation Concomitant With Mitral Valve Surgery

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The maze procedure is effective in restoring sinus rhythm (SR) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We compared the left atrial mechanical function (LAMF) of patients whose rhythm was converted to SR after maze procedure with that of patients whose rhythm was not converted to SR and determined if preoperative left atrial volume index (LAVI) and immediate postoperative LAMF could predict conversion of AF to SR. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 80 patients with AF treated with the maze procedure between March 2005 and February 2007. LAMF was assessed by looking at left atrial ejection volume (LAEV) and ejection fraction (LAEF) during echocardiography before, 2 weeks after, and 6 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Of the 80 enrolled patients, 71 were converted to SR after the maze procedure (SR group), and 9 were not converted to SR (AF group). There were no significant differences in age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, stroke, thyroid dysfunction, or smoking history between the groups. Pre-operative LAVI (p=0.010) was a predictor of conversion of AF to SR. LAEF gradually increased in the SR group during follow-up, but not in the AF group. CONCLUSION: LAMF recovered in the SR group after the maze procedure, irrespective of clinical presentation and initial LAMF. Preoperative LAVI predicted SR conversion.

Study of left atrial dimension and left atrial function after cardioversion for atrial fibrillation / 中国综合临床

Objective To observe the changes of left atrial dimension and f unction before and after cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AF) and the rela tion between dimension and function.Methods Among 94 cases,34 ca ses who had spontaneous cardioversion converted to sinus rhythm,60 cases were ra ndomly grouped into 31 cases with drug cardioversion and 29 cases with direct-c urrent shock.Left atrial diameter,volume and A-wave velocity were measured to e valuate left atrial dimension and function using Dopplor echocardiogram in all c ases before and after cardioversion.Results After conversion,Lef t atrial diameter and volume decreased remarkably (P

Left Atrial Function in Various Type of Left Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients

BACKGROUND: Left atrium (LA) may serve as a conduit, as a reservoir and as a contractile chamber. Left atrial function in patients with left ventricular concentric hypertrophy was compared with that in eccentric hypertrophy. METHODS: LA volumes were echocardiographically measured in 54 hypertensive patients (mean age: 57.1+/-14.9 years, men: 24, women: 30, concentric hypertrophy: 21, eccentric hypertrophy: 18). Transmitral flow velocities were recorded with pulsed Doppler echocardiography. LA volumes were measured at mitral valve opening (LAVmax) and closure (LAVmin) and at onset of atrial systole (LAVp). LA function was evaluated by the following parameters: 1) LA reservoir volume (LARV=LAVmax-LAVmin), 2) LA conduit volume (LACV=left ventricular stroke volume-LARV), 3) LA active emptying fraction (EF active=[LAVp-LAVmin]/LAVp), 4) LA passive emptying fraction (EF passive=[LAVmax-LAVp]/LAVmax). RESULTS: In concentric hypertrophy compared with eccentric hypertrophy, LARV (59.9+/-20.0 vs 45.6+/-12.0 cm3, p<0.05) and EF active (56.8+/-10.0 vs 41.0+/-15.2%, p<0.01) increased but LACV (16.0+/-19.8 vs 43.7+/-15.0 cm3, p<0.01) decreased. Relative wall thickness (RWT) correlated with LARV (r=0.288, p<0.05) and EF active (r=0.561, p<0.01) but had negative association with LACV (r=-0.508, p<0.01) and EF passive (r=-0.490, p<0.01). There was a positive relationship of left ventricular mass index (LVMI) to LARV (r=0.293, p<0.05) but negative relationship of LVMI to EF passive (r=-0.494, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that LA reservoir function and active emptying fraction increased in concentric hypertrophy comparison with eccentric hypertrophy and LA conduit function decreased in concentric hypertrophy comparison with eccentric hypertrophy. Therefore, these findings suggest that the changes of left atrial function are remarkable in concentric hypertrophy.