Emphasis of Liberal Art Education on Not to Transform Plasticity-brain to Medicine-specific Brain / 医学教育

The author emphasizes the importance of liberal arts education in the medical school curriculum to prepare for the coming AI era when the medical practice undergoes drastic changes. The implementation of AI results in the gift of time and the gift of labor in medicine, which we can use to create time for liberal art education. New graduate doctors should be skillful in their current medical practice and flexible to coming changes. They should also contribute to public opinion about medicine.

Survey of Students’ Attitudes Toward Identifying Diseases That Can Be Effectively Prevented Using Genetic Analysis and the Effect of the Act of Answering a Multiple-Choice Questionnaire on the Improvement in the Knowledge of Disease Prevention / 社会薬学

A survey of pharmacy students’ and liberal arts students’ attitudes toward identifying diseases that can be effectively prevented using genetic analysis was performed using a multiple-choice questionnaire. We defined the diseases that can be prevented using genetic analysis and found that, for these diseases, the rate of selecting “do nothing” by people with disease-related genes was significantly lower than that of people for whom the genetic influence was unknown. We found that the nine conditions that we investigated (i.e., obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypocholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, arteriosclerosis, cancer, and liver disease) are diseases that can be effectively prevented using genetic analysis for all students. We also observed that the most common answer for disease prevention was related to dietary changes (including drinking restrictions). In conclusion, through our unique questionnaire, we identified various diseases that can be effectively prevented using genetic analysis. However, it was found that the act of answering a multiple-choice questionnaire does not improve knowledge of disease prevention measures. Therefore, we propose that, after the questionnaire, it is important to distribute written material that explains the cause of life-style-related diseases and their prevention in order to foster knowledge about disease prevention.

Obsolescencia de las referencias citadas: un mito académico persistente en la investigación universitaria venezolana

Este artículo analiza un mito que afecta el desarrollo de las investigaciones en el medio universitario venezolano, específicamente en las áreas de Ciencias Sociales y humanidades. Se refiere a la creencia de tutores y tesistas sobre la obsolescencia o desactualización de las referencias citadas luego de 5 años de su publicación. Con base en un enfoque cuantitativo, se realizó una investigación documental y de campo, en la que fueron encuestados 160 sujetos: 90 tesistas y 70 tutores de pregrado y postgrado en carreras del ámbito social y humanístico, pertenecientes a instituciones universitarias públicas y privadas de Venezuela. Los resultados estadísticos reflejan que la mayoría de los encuestados expresa que las referencias citadas deben haber sido publicadas en los últimos 5 años. Sin embargo, al ser consultados sobre el porqué o acerca de la existencia de una norma, estos manifestaron desconocer ambos aspectos. Luego, producto del análisis documental de la literatura e investigaciones sobre bibliometría se rebate el mito existente.

This article analyses an academic myth that affects the development of research in the venezuelan collegiate means, specifically in the social science and liberal arts. It is about the belief of tutors and thesis students on the obsolescence of the references cited 5 years after being published. Based on quantitative approach, a documental and field research was made where 160 people were surveyed, 90 thesis students and 70 tutors of graduate and postgraduate studies in social and humanities fields from public and private venezuelan college institutions. The statistical results reflect that most surveyed people express that the cited references must have been published in the past 5 years. However, when they were asked about the existence of a norm, they said they had no knowledge on both aspects. Later, as product of documentary analysis of the literature and research on bibliometrics, the existing myth is refuted.

Quality survey and reform discussion of biochemistry teaching of liberal arts students and science students in one class / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To study the rationality of biochemistry teaching of liberal arts students and science students in one class and further to improve the quality of teaching.Methods A total of 138 students of seven-year traditional Chinese medicine of Grade 2013 as the objects of study,among whom there were 58 liberal arts students and 80 science students.Questionnaire were surveyed at the end of the teaching of biochemistry,including evaluation of the teaching effect and teaching reform.138 valid questionnaires were dispatched and recovered.And at the same time unified examination was carried out to both liberal arts students and science students.The t test,chi square test or the exact probability method were used to compare the data of two types of students with SPSS 19.0.Results Questionnaire survey:31.03％ (18/58) arts students and 27.50％ (22/80) science students felt that the class hours were not enough.48.28％ (28/58) arts students thought the weak chemical base to be the main factor affecting learning,and 50.00％ (40/80) science students thought that lack of interest was the most important factor.53.45％ (31/58) arts and 47.50％ (38/80) science students would agree that a metabolic reaction of the material was the most difficult problem.51.72％ (30/58) arts students and 42.50％ (34/80) science students preferred blackboard-writing.Test scores:arts and science students got average grades (70.81 ± 9.71) and (77.05 ± 8.46) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-4.02,P=0.000).Conclusions Survey results and analysis of test scores shows that teaching of liberal arts students and science students in one class is feasible.However,it is necessary to strengthen the students' chemical basis,improve their learning interest and optimize their learning methods,so as to realize the harmonious development of the students of arts and science,and to improve the overall teaching level.

Analysis and reflections on the medical chemistry examination results of nursing students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Because of the different high school background of liberal arts or science,the students showed significant differences in the examination of medical chemistry. In view of this situation,the article tried to find the way of fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of the students and to achieve the desired goal of teaching and learning performance.

Evaluation of Each Series of Lectures Using 10 Questions at the Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine / 医学教育

Every year since 2001 each series of lectures at the Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine has been evaluated using 10 questions with classification into five grades. In this study, the evaluation scores for 2001 and 2002 were compared and analyzed statistically. The average score for all subjects increased by 0.15 point in 2002. The average scores for liberal arts and clinical medicine increased 0.18 and 0.27 point, respectively, whereas the score for basic medicine increased 0.03 point, suggesting improvements with the efforts of each lecturer. The standard deviations of the scores for 8 questions (2 questions on examinations were omitted) were smaller for clinical medicine than for liberal arts and basic medicine. Continuous formative evaluation of each series of lectures and analysis of the results are needed to improve teaching skills.

The Education of Liberal Arts—a New Model of the Integration of Knowledge, Subjects and System / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on the latest development of the education of liberal arts in Lingnan,Harvard,Tokyo,through the analysis of the relationship among knowledge,subjects and system and the role of college curriculum reform,the author thinks that in the new era the change of the knowledge development has brought about the corresponding changes in the subjects,giving rise to the new changes in the organization of the system of colleges and departments of the universities as well as the changes in the education of liberal arts itself.The new goals and tasks of the educational reform of universities are to integrate knowledge,subjects and system by implementing the education of liberal arts.

Evaluation of the Reformed Liberal Arts Education at Juntendo University School of Medicine / 医学教育

Radical changes were made last year in the educational program of liberal arts at Juntendo University School of Medicine. The number of required courses was decreased, and students were given more freedom to choose electives. A survey at the end of the first semester evaluating the reforms showed great satisfaction on both sides: students were highly motivated to study, and the teachers were ready to answer their needs.

Medical education system. Change of General Education Caused by the Innovation of the University Chartering Standards Law / 医学教育

The innovation of the University Chartering Standards Law in 1991 triggered changes in general education in almost all medical schools in Japan. These changes include: 1) frequent abolition of the department of general education; 2) an expansion in the offerings of specialty subject; and 3) increase in early exposure programs. The Model of general education has, in general, changed from the liberal arts model to the one that emphasizes the development of physicians. One remaining problem is that, although the system of general education has changed, the traditional pedagogy has generally persisted. These are at least two possible forms that general education can take in the future. The first one comes from the U.S., in which students enter medical schools after finishing their general college education. The other one stems from an European model in which high school provide students with part of their general education, and medical schools provide them with intensive basic and humanity education that is necessary for physicians. Medical schools in Japan now face three major challenges for the future: 1) seeking how to teach ways of thinking other than medical one; 2) establishing an education system corresponding with recent changes in young people; 3) establishing divisions which comprehensively organize and supervise general education.