ABSTRACT
Multiple myeloma is a type of plasma cell dyscrasia, characterised by presence of paraprotein ormonoclonal (M)-protein in serum or urine. The M-protein may consist of an intact immunoglobulin,the heavy chain only or the light chain only. The latter, designated as light chain multiplemyeloma (LCMM) makes up almost 20% of myelomas. Clinical manifestation is often heraldedby hypercalcaemia, renal impairment, normocytic normochromic anaemia and bone lesions,reflecting end-organ damage, collectively known as the acronym CRAB. In particular, free lightchain nephrotoxicity accounts for the high prevalence of renal impairment seen in LCMM. Thiscase illustrates a typical presentation of LCMM with focal discussion on its initial and diagnostic,as well as prognostic biochemical investigations.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical value of laboratory markers in the diagnosis and treatment of light chain multi-ple myeloma (MM) .Methods Collected 31 cases of light chain MM patients and 60 cases of control group ,the control group con-sisted of 20 health subjects (healthy group) ,20 cases of type IgG κMM ,20 cases of type IgA κMM .The immune globulin ,serum protein electrophoresis ,immunofixation electrophoresis ,UREA ,Cr ,β2-microglobulin ,flow cytometry immunophenotyp and bone marrow cytology was detected .Results The positive rate of serum protein electrophoresis was 29 .03% ,the difference of the M protein comparison in Durie-Salmon stage of phase Ⅱ and phase Ⅲ was statistically significant(P<0 .05);light chain multiple mye-loma patient′s immunofixation electrophoresis results required reviewing by agarose gel electrophoresis plusing IgD and IgE anti-body ;the IgG ,IgA ,IgM ,UREA ,Cr ,β2-microglobulin of light chain MM patients were different compared with healthy group (P<0 .05);the morphological characteristics of MM cells changed significantly ,and the expression of cell antigen was mainly CD38 , CD138 and CD56 .Conclusion Quantitative of immunoglobulins and immunofixation electrophoresis could be used as screening method of M protein ,serum protein electrophoresis can be used for clinical staging and clinical observation of patients .Bone marrow smears plays an important role in the diagnosis of light chain MM .Light chain MM has more severe renal damage than other types of M M .
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical value of laboratory markers in the diagnosis and treatment of light chain multi-ple myeloma (MM) .Methods Collected 31 cases of light chain MM patients and 60 cases of control group ,the control group con-sisted of 20 health subjects (healthy group) ,20 cases of type IgG κMM ,20 cases of type IgA κMM .The immune globulin ,serum protein electrophoresis ,immunofixation electrophoresis ,UREA ,Cr ,β2-microglobulin ,flow cytometry immunophenotyp and bone marrow cytology was detected .Results The positive rate of serum protein electrophoresis was 29 .03% ,the difference of the M protein comparison in Durie-Salmon stage of phase Ⅱ and phase Ⅲ was statistically significant(P<0 .05);light chain multiple mye-loma patient′s immunofixation electrophoresis results required reviewing by agarose gel electrophoresis plusing IgD and IgE anti-body ;the IgG ,IgA ,IgM ,UREA ,Cr ,β2-microglobulin of light chain MM patients were different compared with healthy group (P<0 .05);the morphological characteristics of MM cells changed significantly ,and the expression of cell antigen was mainly CD38 , CD138 and CD56 .Conclusion Quantitative of immunoglobulins and immunofixation electrophoresis could be used as screening method of M protein ,serum protein electrophoresis can be used for clinical staging and clinical observation of patients .Bone marrow smears plays an important role in the diagnosis of light chain MM .Light chain MM has more severe renal damage than other types of M M .