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Objective To measure the maximum dissolved oxygen concentration of the lithotripter to avoid visible air bubbles during lithotripsy.Methods The present situation of degassing of lithotripter and clinical requirements for water were introduced.Under the following conditions of 7.5 L water capacity,35 L/h water flow,ambient temperature 28 ℃,17 kV,60 shocks per minute,the lithotripter discharged 10 000 shocks continuously without a visible air bubble in the circulating water,then the dissolved oxygens in the water were measured by using AZ8403 dissolved oxygen meter.The maximum value of dissolved oxygen in the water was determined therefore without a visible air bubble.Results The visible tiny air bubble emerged during lithotripsy if the dissolved oxygen in the water was above 3.37 mg/L and ambient temperature was about 28 ℃;the bubble could be avoided if the dissolved oxygen was under 3.34 mg/L and ambient temperature was about 28 ℃.Conclusion The circulating water with dissolved oxygen concentration less [han 3 mig/L and about 28 ℃ ambient temnperature are recommended for the electromagnetic extracorporea] shock wave lithotripter during lithotripsy.
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Objective To design an electrical system of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter for children and adults uses.Methods The shock wave kernel parameters of child energy section of Dornier Delta Ⅱ lithotripter were tested such as peak sound pressure,pressure pulse width and pressure pulse rise time,and then energy calibration was executed for HK.ESWL008 child extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter to make the kernel parameters of the two lithotripters the same or similar to each other.An electrical system was designed with PLC system as the core control unit,involving in wave source 3D motion,large and small C-arms motion,water circulation system,B-type ultrasound positioning system,high-frequency X-ray imaging system,high-voltage condenser charging and discharging system,console and bedside-box-controlled display system as well as electromagnetic compatibility.Results Within A,B,C,1 and 2 energy sections for child lithotripsy the maximum and average differences between the kernel parameters of the two lithotripters were 7.1％ and 3.8％ respectively.There was no difference between the clinical experience by the two lithotripters,and HK.ESWL-008 child extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter passed EMC and safety detections by Guangdong Medical Devices Quality Surveillance and Test Institute of CFDA.Conclusion HK.ESWL-008 child extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter can be used for children lithotripsy clinically.
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Objective:The application of a combined ultrasound and pneumatic lithotripter for cholelithiasis was investigated.Methods:A total of 59 cases of cholelithiasis diagnosed by ultrasonography and CT were included in the study.All the patients had surgical treatment from January 2013 to December 2015,in which 30 patients were treated with a combined ultrasound and pneumatic lithotripter protocol (EMS group),and 29 patients were treated with traditional choledochoscope protocol(control group).All the patients were followed up for 3 months postoperation.The outcomes of patients in EMS group and control group were compared.Results:The postoperative stone free rate after the first operation is higher in EMS group than in control group(P＜0.05).The operation time and total lengths of hospital stay were shorter in EMS group than in control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in intraoperative hematobilia rate,intraoperative bile duct injury rate,postoperative biliary tract infection rate,hepatic biochemical index and mortality between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:The combined ultrasound and pneumatic lithotripter is useful for treatment of cholelithiasis.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of dual shockwave lithotripter in treating urinary calculi.Methods Data of 371 cases treated with Direx-Magna dual shockwave lithotripter was retrospectively collected from July 2016 to June 2017,including 263 male and 108 female.Their age ranged from 15 to 66 years old (mean 36.5 ± 11.0).There was 117 patients with kidney stone,183 patients with upper ureteral and 71 patients with middle or lower stone.The average diameter of stones was (11.3 ± 1.5)mm (ranging 6.9-16.3 mm).The lithotripter was set at 60 times/min/head.Comparative analysis was made between 106 cases in dual mode and 265 cases in single mode.Comparative items included shock frequency,treating time,treating energy,pain scale,stone clear successive rate and complication.Patients were followed by KUB or NCCT at 1 and 2 weeks after the procedure.Stone clear successfully was defined as stone free or with fragment ＜4 mm.Results The overall success rate was 87.3％ (324/371).Among the patients who failed in first session,21 cases were successful with a second session,7 cases were treated with retrograde intrarenal surgery.There were 19 cases lost.Clavien grade Ⅲ complication rate was 0.8％ and no server grade complications.The average treating time was (25.2 ± 8.4) minutes and the average shock was (1419 ±440)times.The dual shockwave subgroup achieved higher success rate [93.4％ (99/106) vs.84.9％ (225/265),P ＜ 0.05] with less treating time [(15.7 ± 3.8) min vs.(29.0 ± 6.5) min],lower energy [(8.9 ± 2.0) kV vs.(10.7 ± 2.8) kV] and fewer shocks (833 ± 149 vs.1 654 ± 261),compared with that of the single shockwave subgroup (P ＜ 0.01).Also,pain scales and other complications were less than those of single shockwave subgroup (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Our study shows the new dual shockwave lithotripsy is safe and effective in both dual and single shock wave mode.Dual mode has higher success rate and fewer complications.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of dual shockwave lithotripter in treating urinary calculi.Methods Data of 371 cases treated with Direx-Magna dual shockwave lithotripter was retrospectively collected from July 2016 to June 2017,including 263 male and 108 female.Their age ranged from 15 to 66 years old (mean 36.5 ± 11.0).There was 117 patients with kidney stone,183 patients with upper ureteral and 71 patients with middle or lower stone.The average diameter of stones was (11.3 ± 1.5)mm (ranging 6.9-16.3 mm).The lithotripter was set at 60 times/min/head.Comparative analysis was made between 106 cases in dual mode and 265 cases in single mode.Comparative items included shock frequency,treating time,treating energy,pain scale,stone clear successive rate and complication.Patients were followed by KUB or NCCT at 1 and 2 weeks after the procedure.Stone clear successfully was defined as stone free or with fragment ＜4 mm.Results The overall success rate was 87.3％ (324/371).Among the patients who failed in first session,21 cases were successful with a second session,7 cases were treated with retrograde intrarenal surgery.There were 19 cases lost.Clavien grade Ⅲ complication rate was 0.8％ and no server grade complications.The average treating time was (25.2 ± 8.4) minutes and the average shock was (1419 ±440)times.The dual shockwave subgroup achieved higher success rate [93.4％ (99/106) vs.84.9％ (225/265),P ＜ 0.05] with less treating time [(15.7 ± 3.8) min vs.(29.0 ± 6.5) min],lower energy [(8.9 ± 2.0) kV vs.(10.7 ± 2.8) kV] and fewer shocks (833 ± 149 vs.1 654 ± 261),compared with that of the single shockwave subgroup (P ＜ 0.01).Also,pain scales and other complications were less than those of single shockwave subgroup (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Our study shows the new dual shockwave lithotripsy is safe and effective in both dual and single shock wave mode.Dual mode has higher success rate and fewer complications.
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Shock wave lithotripsy is minimally invasive & alternative to surgery for treatment of symptomatic salivary stones. Lithotripsy uses shock waves generated outside the body to pulverize or crush the stone inside the body. The purpose of this treatment is to disintegrate the salivary stone into concentration smaller than 2mm to permit spontaneous or induced salivation to flush it out. The aim of this article is to throw light on salivary gland lithotripsy procedure.
Subject(s)
Salivary Gland CalculiABSTRACT
The disadvantages and improvements-to-be of the shockwave lithotripter are limited to its wave source and positioning system. The physical foundation and prospective of the novel lithotripter are presented.
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Although there is great technological disparity between the best foreign lithotripters and domestic ones, the clinical efficacy of the latter is quite good. In this article, the characteristics, developing status and clinical applications of domestic lithotripters are introduced.
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Objective To study the treatment of middle and lower ureteral stone with polyp by pneumatic lithotripter under ureterscopy. Methods 56 cases of middle and lower ureteral stone with polyp treated from Feb-ruary 2000 to August 2002 were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients were successfully operated on and no complication occurred. Conclusions Middle and lower ureteral stone with polyp can be treated by pneumatic lithotripter under ureterscopy.
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Objective To perspectively compare the clinical outcomes of China-and Germany-made electromagnetic lithotripters in the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi.Methods Between January 2005 and August 2005,60 cases of upper urinary tract calculi were randomly divided into two groups:China-made and Germany-made groups(30 in each).Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL)was performed by a same group of surgeons.Results The stone-free rate was 73%(22/30)in China-made group,and was 90%(27/30)in Germany-made group 3 weeks after ESWL(?2=2.283,P=0.095);and was 100% in both the groups 3 months postoperation.The retreatment rate was 27%(8/30)in China-made group,and 10%(3/30)in Germany-made group(?2=2.283,P=0.095).The rate of auxiliary procedure in both the groups was 0.The efficacy quotient(EQ)was 0.79 in China-made group,and was 0.91 in Germany-made group.Totally,39 ESWLs were performed on the patients in China-made group,while 33 ESWLs were carried out in Germany-made group.The rates of macroscopic hematuria,skin injury,and renal colic were 87%(34/39),64%(25/39),and 8%(3/39)respectively in China-made group,and were 91%(30/33),6%(2/33),and 6%(2/33)in Germany-made group(?2=0.016,P=0.900;?2=25.693,P=0.000;and ?2=0.000,P=1.000;respectively).One patient in China-made group developed fever after ESWL,while no one in Germany-made group had the symptom.In both the groups,no patients had hematuria,renal edema,or subcutaneous perinephric hemorrhage.Conclusion Both China-and Germany-made electromagnetic lithotripters are effective,safety,and non-invasive.
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Objective To evaluate the treatment of ureteral stones with pneumatic lithotripter under ureterscopy and the prevention of complications. Methords 43 cases of ureteral stones that had been treated with pneumatic lithotripter under ureteroscopy was reviewed. Results 93.0%(40/43)of the stones were fragmented on one session,93.0%(40/43)of the stones were expelled within 7 days afer the procedure.No complications occurred. Conclusions Treatment of ureteral stones with pneumatic lithotripter under ureterscopy is safe and effecive.