ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Tc-99m labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) -coupled galactosylated human serum albumin (GSA) is a currently used imaging agent for asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) of the liver, but, it has several shortcomings. Recently a new ASGPR imaging agent, (99m) Tc-lactosylated human serum albumin (LSA), with simple labeling procedure, high labeling efficiency, high stability was developed. In order to assess the feasibility of the (99m) Tc-LSA as a ASGPR imaging radiopharmaceuticals, we performed biodistribution study of the tracer in liver injured mice model and the results were compared with histolgic data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To induce hepatic damage in ICR mice, diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (60 mg/kg/week X 5 time, low dose or 180 mg/kg/week X 2 times, high dose) and thioacetamide (TAA) (50 mg/kg X 1 time) were administrated intraperitoneally. Degree of liver damage was evaluated by tissue hematoxilin-eosin stain, and expression of asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) was assessed by immunohistochemistry using ASGPR antibody. (99m) Tc-LSA was intravenously administrated via tail vein in DEN or TAA treated mice, and biodistribution study of the tracer was also performed. RESULTS: DEN treated mice showed ballooning of hepatocyte and inflammatory cell infiltration in low dose group and severe hapatocyte necrosis in high dose group, and low dose group showed higher ASGPR staining than control mice in immunohistochemical staining. TAA treated mice showed severe hepatic necrosis. (99m) Tc-LSA Biodistribution study showed that mice with hepatic necrosis induced by high dose DEN or TAA revealed higher blood activity and lower liver activity than control mice, due to slow clearance of the tracer by the liver. The degree of liver uptake was inversely correlated with the degree of histologic liver damage. But low dose DEN treated mice with mild hepatic injury showed normal blood clearance and hepatic activity, partly due to overexpression of ASGPR in mice with mild degree hepatic injury. CONCLUSION: Liver uptake of (99m) Tc-LSA was inversely correlated with degree of histologic hepatic injury in DEN and TAA treated mice. These results support that (99m) Tc-LSA can be used to evaluate the liver status in liver disease patients.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Asialoglycoprotein Receptor , Diethylnitrosamine , Hepatocytes , Immunohistochemistry , Liver Diseases , Liver , Mice, Inbred ICR , Necrosis , Radiopharmaceuticals , Serum Albumin , Thioacetamide , VeinsABSTRACT
Biloma is defined as an extraductular collection of bile within a defined capsular space. Biloma usually occurs secondary to traumatic or iatrogenic injury including abdominal surgery, percutaneous catheter drainage, and transhepatic cholangiography. The diagnostic methods include clinical history and physical examination, abdominal ultrasound, abdominal CT scan, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, endoscopic cholangiography and percutaneous aspiration, Though definite treatment by percutaneous radiographic catheter drainage and endoscopic drainage with sphincterotomy are now feasible in many instances, surgical drainage is often needed. We report a case of posttraurnatic biloma which was developed after car accident. Liver scan and endoscopic cholangiography showed typical features of biloma in this patient.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bile , Catheters , Cholangiography , Drainage , Liver , Physical Examination , Radionuclide Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
It is essential to know whether there is metastasis to bone and liver in bladder tumor management. However, there have been controversies about value of bone and liver scan. Herein we reviewed 65 cases with bladder tumor in which bone scan and/or liver scan were done. Bone scan was done in 64 cases at diagnosis, and 15 showed abnormal hot spots, among which 8(13%) were true metastasis. So specificity of bone scan was 53% . Of 12 patients with bone metastasis 7 (58%) showed elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, and 2 (17%) complained bone pain. Bone metastasis was found only in patients with invasive tumor, 5 of 29(17%) at diagnosis, 3 of 29(10%) during follow up. Liver scan was done in 19 patients at diagnosis and 1 during follow up, of which 3 showed space occupying lesion, but only 2 of 3 were true metastasis. 2 cases with liver metastasis were found only in patients with invasive tumor and abnormal liver function. We can conclude that bone scan should be done in all patients with invasive bladder tumor and its result should be confirmed by bone survey, but liver scan should be done selectively in patients with invasive bladder tumor and abnormal liver function.