Based on clinical application research progress of thermosensitive gel in different drug delivery sites / 药学学报

The advantages of local administration are as follow: release drugs directly at the lesion, increase the drug concentration in lesion location and reduce the side effects of systemic administration. Thermosensitive gel is one of typical local administration agents. It exhibits the different physical characteristics with the change of temperature. It is sol-gel at low temperature or storage temperature, while when the temperature rises to the transition temperature or near the body temperature, it is semisolid gel with a certain viscoelasticity, and can recover rapidly. It can enhance the local adhesion, which prolongs the local retention time of drugs. As a result, thermosensitive gel can control and display the release of drugs, which can significantly improve the bioavailability of drugs. This review summarizes the characteristics of thermosensitive gel, thermosensitive materials, and its application in different parts: nasal cavity, eye, vagina, periodontal, skin, tumor and joint cavity, based on clinical needs.

Tramas en la construcción de la intersectorialidad para atender la primera infancia / Framework of intersectionality construction for early childhood assistance / Tramas na construção da intersetorialidade para atender a primeira infância

Resumen (analítico) Se presentan los resultados de una investigación cualitativa realizada desde una perspectiva interpretativa-histórica, para comprender la construcción de relaciones intersectoriales en el programa de atención a la primera infancia de Medellín entre el 2004 y el 2014. Se recurrió al análisis documental y a la observación participante en espacios de gestión de políticas públicas y se implementaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a funcionarios gubernamentales y no gubernamentales. La información se analizó desde tres dimensiones interdependientes: ideológica, política y administrativa. Según los resultados, las acciones intersectoriales se ven favorecidas por la adopción del enfoque de derechos, la implementación de instrumentos de política pública y la búsqueda del posicionamiento de los servicios en la comunidad; sin embargo, estos aspectos están atravesados por tensiones derivadas del intento de articular diferentes miradas, relaciones de poder y acciones administrativas.

Abstract (analytical) His paper presents the results of qualitative research carried out from an interpretative-historical perspective, to understand the construction of intersectoral relationships in the program of early childhood care in Medellin between 2004 and 2014. Documentary analysis and participant observation were used in public policy management spaces, and semi-structured interviews with government and non-government officials were implemented. The data was analyzed from three interdependent dimensions: ideological, political, and administrative. According to the results, intersectoral actions are favored by the adoption of the rights approach, the implementation of public policy instruments, and the search for the positioning of services in the community. However, these aspects are traversed by tensions derived from the attempt to articulate different views, power relations, and administrative actions.

Resumo (analítico) Este artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa qualitativa realizada desde uma perspectiva interpretativa-histórica, para entender a construção de relações intersetoriais no programa da atenção à primeira infância de Medellín entre o 2004 e o 2014. Recorreu-se à análise documental e à observação participante em espaços de gestão de políticas públicas e implementaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas a funcionários governamentais e não governamentais. A informação foi analisada desde três dimensões interdependentes: ideológica, política e administrativa. Segundo os resultados, as ações intersetoriais se veem favorecidas pelo uso do enfoque de direitos, a implementação de instrumentos de política pública e a procura do posicionamento dos serviços na comunidade; mesmo assim, estes aspectos estão atravessados por tensões derivadas da tentativa de articular diferentes olhares, relações de poder e ações administrativas.

Enzyme-instructed hybrid nanogel/nanofiber oligopeptide hydrogel for localized protein delivery

Enzyme-catalysis self-assembled oligopeptide hydrogel holds great interest in drug delivery, which has merits of biocompatibility, biodegradability and mild gelation conditions. However, its application for protein delivery is greatly limited by inevitable degradation of enzyme on the encapsulated proteins leading to loss of protein activity. Moreover, for the intracellularly acted proteins, cell membrane as a primary barrier hinders the transmembrane delivery of proteins. The internalized proteins also suffer from acidic and enzymatic degradation in endosomes and lysosomes. We herein develop a protease-manipulated hybrid nanogel/nanofiber hydrogel for localized delivery of intracellularly acted proteins. The embedded polymeric nanogels (CytoC/aNGs) preserve activity of cytochrome

A externalização como estratégia da gestão de serviços públicos locais / La externalización como estrategia de gestión en los servicios públicos locales / Outsourcing as management strategy in local public services

Resumen A modo de contribución al debate académico sobre el uso de la externalización como fórmula de provisión de los servicios públicos locales, el artículo plantea focalizar la atención en los factores político-institucionales. A partir de la revisión de los principales argumentos presentes en la literatura se plantea su contraste empírico a través de un estudio transversal que comprende todos los municipios de más de 5 mil habitantes de Catalunya, una Comunidad Autónoma española. Se construye una tipología de municipios mediante un análisis de componentes principales y un análisis clúster y se contrasta la existencia de diferencias en el porcentaje de externalización entre tipos de municipios. Los resultados muestran la relevancia de los factores político-institucionales en la selección de la fórmula de prestación de servicios y permiten identificar tres estrategias que plantean la externalización como mecanismo de flexibilidad en la gestión pública.

Resumo Como contributo para o debate acadêmico sobre o uso da terceirização como um meio de fornecer serviços públicos locais, o artigo se propõe a chamar a atenção para os fatores políticos e institucionais. A partir da revisão dos principais argumentos presentes na literatura, seu contraste empírico surge por meio de um estudo transversal que compreende todos os municípios com mais de 5 mil habitantes da Comunidade Autônoma da Catalunha, na Espanha. Elabora-se uma tipologia de municípios mediante uma análise de componentes principais e uma análise de clusters em que se contrastam as diferenças de percentagens de externalização entre diferentes tipos de municípios. Os resultados mostram a importância dos fatores políticos e institucionais na escolha da fórmula de prestação de serviços e permitem identificar três estratégias que enfocam a externalização como um mecanismo de flexibilidade na gestão pública.

Abstract As a contribution to the academic debate on the use of outsourcing as a formula for the provision of local public services, the article proposes to focus attention on political-institutional factors. The paper departs from the review of the main arguments highlighted by the literature and it contrasts their expected results in cross-sectional study based on data from all the municipalities with over 5,000 inhabitants in Catalonia, a Spanish Autonomous Community. A typology of municipalities is constructed through principal component analysis and a cluster analysis and the existence of differences in the percentage of outsourcing among types of municipalities is tested. The results show the relevance of political-institutional factors in the selection of the service provision formula and allow us to identify three strategies that propose outsourcing as a mechanism of flexibility of public management.

Advances in Local Administration Preparations of Triamcinolone Acetonide / 中国药师

Triamcinolone acetonide is one of adrenocorticotropic hormones. Its anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects are strong and lasting. However, due to its poor water solubility and systemic side effects, researchers try to transform and create its new formula constantly. The paper reviewed the research progress in new formula of triamcinolone acetonide at home and abroad in recent years, including solid dosage forms, emulsion, particle dispersion system and the other new formula which have been researched in or-der to provide information for the improvement of bioavailability and safety.

Therapeutic effect of trans-drain administration of antibiotics in patients showing intractable pancreatic leak-associated pus drainage after pancreaticoduodenectomy

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: To cope with intractable pus drainage from persistent pancreatic leak after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), we have empirically performed local administration of high-concentration antibiotics cocktail solution into abdominal drains. The purpose of this study was to assess its therapeutic effect in patients showing intractable pus drainage after PD. METHODS: The study group was 10 patients who underwent trans-drain administration of high-concentration antibiotics cocktail solution. Another 10 patients were selected through propensity score matching for the control group. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed with focus on comparison of pancreatic fistula (PF)-associated clinical sequences. RESULTS: Postoperative PF of grade B and C occurred in 7 and 3 patients in the study group and 9 and 1 patient in the control group, respectively (p=0.58). In the study group, a mean of 1.8 sessions of antibiotics cocktail solution (imipenem 500 mg and vancomycin 500 mg dissolved in 20 ml of normal saline) was administered. Two patients showed procedure-associated febrile episodes that were spontaneously controlled within 48 hours. At 2-4 days after the first-session of antibiotics administration, pus-like drain discharge turned to be serous with significantly decreased amount. The study group showed shortened postoperative hospital stay comparing to the control group (25.2+/-4.6 vs. 31.8+/-5.6 days, p=0.011). In both groups, no patient received radiological or surgical intervention due to PF-associated complications. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study demonstrated that trans-drain administration of antibiotics could be an effective therapeutic option for pancreaticojejunostomy leak-associated infection. Further validation of our result is necessary in large patient populations from multiple centers.

Local injection of Icariin on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption in rats / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study the influence of local administration of Icariin on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR ).Methods After rat models of orthodontic root movement were successfully established,rats were injected with 200 mg/kg Icariin (Icariin group)or saline (positive control group), respectively.Left maxillary served as the negative control group.The resorption pit of root surface was measured using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), HE staining, and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP ). Results The level of TRAP positive cells and root resorption score in Icariin group were significantly lower than those in the positive control group (P 0.05).Conclusion Local administration of Icariin may reduce the degree of orthodontically induced resorption.

Clinical observation of of postoperative analgesia in continuous interscalene brachial plexus block by different strength ropivacaine mesylate combined with sufentanil / 中国医师杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of postoperative analgesia in continuous Interscalene brachial plexus block by different strength ropivacaine mesylate combined with sufentanil.Methods Ninety cases of upper limb surgery in continuous peripheral nerve block (CPNB) were selected.The patients after the operation were divided randomly into three groups (A,B,and C):A group was treated with 0.158％ ropivacaine mesylate + 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil,B group with 0.238％ ropivacaine mesylate + 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil,and C group with 0.238％ ropivacaine mesylate.20 minutes before the end of surgery,controlled analgesia device was connected with infusion rate 0.05 ml/(kg · h),PCA 1 ml,and lock time 15 min.The pain visual analog score (VAS),Ramesay sedation score,and postoperative motor nerve block recovery ratings (modified Bromage classification) were recorded at the 4,8,16,32,48 h time point postoperatively.The times of using PCA and the frequency of the adverse reaction were also recorded.Results Three groups all got good analgesic effect at 4,8,16,32,48 h time point postoperatively (VAS 1.58 ± 9 ; 1.90 ± 0.8 ; 1.62 ± 0.6 ; 1.59 ± 0.7 ; 1.53 ± 0.7) (P ＞ 0.05) ; There were no significant difference among the three groups in Ramesay score,modified Bromage score,limb discomfort,nausea,vomiting,lethargy,pruritus and respiratory depression (P ＞ 0.05),but the time of using PCA in A group were significantly more than that in B or C group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Sufentanil can enhance the analgesic effect significantly when the ropivacaine mesylate is in low concentrations (0.158％ ～0.238％),but when the ropivacaine mesylate concentration get up 0.238％,there will be similar analgesic efficacy and safety between ropivacaine mesylate only and ropivacaine mesylate combined with sufentanil.

Lipoenxertia: técnica expansiva / Fat grafting by expansive technique

Introdução: A lipoenxertia pela técnica expansiva é descrita e analisada nos seus detalhes para preenchimentos nas diversas regiões da face. Método: Mediante modificação da soluçãode Klein, as áreas receptoras distribuídas regionalmente recebem volumes específicos de solução anestésica dissolvida no ringer lactato até ficarem estumescidas. A face posterior do braço, região de eleição doadora da gordura, é também expandida com a mesma solução.Cuidados com a gordura retirada são descritos nas suas minúcias, assim como os tipos de seringas, agulhas e cânulas utilizadas em cada região da face. A técnica baseia-se no princípio de maior superfície de contato entre o leito receptor e as células adiposas suspensas em meio líquido, sem o uso da hipercorreção. Resultados: Casos ilustrativos comprovam os efeitosdesta técnica através da qualidade dos resultados a longo prazo.

Introduction: The lipo cells graft through the expansive method is described and analyzed in their details to fill different regions of the face, among other regions of the body, to restore its contour. Methods: Based on Klein’ solution, a lactate ringer and anesthetic became turgid. Each face region receives specific volume of this solution. The posterior region of the arm, selected as donor site, is also injected in the same routine. Cares with the fat removal aredescribed in its details, including the types of syringe, needles and cannula, used in each region of the face. The technique is based on the great surface contact of the fat cells suspension in the solution to be injected in the receiving areas, without any compressive action nor hyper correction. Results: Ilustrative cases confirm the result’s quality in long term follow up.