ABSTRACT
This paper talks about the juvenile justice system in Italy. The author describes the interventions done with minors, boys and girls aged from 14 until 18 years, who have committed offenses of the civil or penal code, by the New Code of Criminal Procedure for Minors (1988). The Procedures have had some positive psychological aspects, aimed to avoid detention, thanks to alternative measures and strategies for inclusion, including also the minors living in the South, that are often involved in mafia-crimes. Nonetheless there are more negative psychological issues, because alternative punishments are not often applied to minors that lack social networks, particularly to foreign ones. Three examples of participatory researches will be shown, promoted by the Municipality of Florence, Department of Psychology and Third Sector Associations, aimed to promote psychological and social inclusion of minors (particularly those coming from abroad), with the commitment of active citizenship organizations, with an evaluation of their strengths and weaknesses.
Este artículo describe el sistema de Justicia Juvenil de Italia. El autor describe las intervenciones realizadas con menores, jóvenes con edades entre los 14 y 18 años que habían cometido delitos previstos en el Código Civil o en el Penal, bajo el Nuevo Código de Procedimiento Criminal para Menores de 1988. Los procedimientos han tenido algunos aspectos psicológicamente positivos, dirigidos a evitar la detención, gracias a las medidas alternativas y estrategias para inclusión, incluyendo también los menores que viven en el sur, que con frecuencia se ven involucrados en crímenes de la mafia. Sin embargo, existen más temas negativos desde el punto de vista psicológico, debido a que usualmente los castigos alternativos no se aplican a los menores por falta de red social, especialmente a los extranjeros. Se presentan tres ejemplos de investigaciones emprendidas por la Municipalidad de Florencia, el Departamento de Psicología y las Asociaciones del Tercer Sector, dirigidas a promover la inclusión psicológica y social de menores (especialmente los extranjeros), con el compromiso de organizaciones civiles activas, con una evaluación de sus fortalezas y debilidades.
Subject(s)
Psychology, Social , Adolescent , ItalyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The incidence of obesity is acutely increasing resulting in increased mortality rate and medical expenses among Koreans. But it is rare to find effective obesity management program, that are readily accessible by general local community residents. This study was aimed to develop and evaluate an effective and specialized obesity management program utilizing the local public health institutes. METHODS: One hundred forty nine obese adults residing in Kwangju were enrolled in a tentative, 12-week scheduled obesity management program from August 2006 to October 2006. The program constituted of weekly education and practice by specialists, and exercise for more than an hour for 5 days a week. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated according to the change of body weight, body component, blood pressure, and serum lipid concentration. After the program was completed, each participant was surveyed on the degree of satisfaction and lifestyle changes. RESULTS: Ninety participants (60.4%) completed the program to the end. The average decrement of body weight after the program was 1.9+/-1.5 kg. Eleven participants (12.2%) lost more than 5% of the initial body weight. The waist circumference and average blood pressure significantly decreased among the group who lost more than 5% of the initial body weight. The total cholesterol and triglycerides also slightly decreased among this group. Overall 87.3% of the participants were satisfied with the results of the program. The lifestyle of the participants had also changed by the program. CONCLUSION: The authors expect that establishing easily- approachable obesity management program in local public health institutes will make a great contribution to the maintenance of proper body weight and decrement of cardiovascular diseases among local community residents.