Prepapillary vascular loops – A new classification

Background: Prepapillary vascular loops are a type of congenital vascular anomaly seen on or around the optic disk. Patients with this condition are usually asymptomatic and are detected incidentally on routine fundus examinations. Differential diagnosis for this condition includes neovascularization of the disk and collaterals on the disk. Prepapillary capillary loops are not associated with any systemic condition. They are usually unilateral in presentation, but can rarely be bilateral. Purpose: To discuss the new proposed classification of prepapillary capillary loops. Synopsis: Prepapillary capillary loops are classified based on their location around the disk, loop characteristics such as elevation, shape, and covering, and presence of vitreoretinal traction. Highlights: The most common vascular loops are arterial in origin and rarely venous in origin. They can sometimes be associated with spontaneous and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage, branch retinal artery or vein occlusion, and subretinal hemorrhage. It is an important differential diagnosis in spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage. Treatment is symptomatic

Left ventricular systolic function in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot by pressure-strain loops / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To quantify the left ventricular myocardial work in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and to evaluate the changes in left ventricular systolic function after TOF repair by pressure-strain loops (PSL).Methods:Seventy-six cases of children after TOF complete surgery in Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from September 2015 to September 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 41 cases in the ≤4-year group and 35 cases in the >4-year group. Seventy-six healthy children with matched body surface area in the same period were selected as the control group. All subjects underwent complete echocardiography and quantitative analysis of left ventricular myocardial work, including global longitudinal strain (GLS), global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE). Compared with the normal control group, the changes of left ventricular myocardial work after TOF repair were analyzed. For patients with complete echocardiographic data before and after surgery, the correlation between postoperative left ventricular myocardial work and preoperative degree of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction was analyzed.Results:①In the ≤4-year group, compared with control subjects, GLS, GWI, GCW, GWE decreased, and GWW increased in patients with repaired TOF. All the differences were statistically significant [(-20.00±1.52)% vs (-21.59±1.73)%, (1 349.37±133.63)mmHg% vs (1 553.51±246.09)mmHg%, (1 589.39±167.85)mmHg% vs (1 749.12±249.45)mmHg%, 94.0%(94.0%, 95.0%) vs 96.0%(95.0%, 97.0%), (78.80±20.53)mmHg% vs (62.27±21.44)mmHg%; all P<0.05]. ②In >4-year group, compared with the control group, GLS, GWI, GWE decreased, and GWW increased in patients with repaired TOF. All the differences were statistically significant [(-19.89±1.66)% vs (-21.31±1.60)%, (1 486.09±172.42)mmHg% vs (1 713.14±227.05)mmHg%, 96.0%(94.0%, 96.0%) vs 97.0%(96.0%, 97.0%), 75.00(65.00, 95.00)mmHg% vs 55.00(42.00, 71.00)mmHg%; all P<0.05]. ③GWW was negatively correlated with preoperative RVOT diameter and RVOT-Z score( r=-0.422, -0.433; both P<0.05). GWE was positively associated with preoperative RVOT diameter and RVOT-Z score( r=0.441, 0.540; both P<0.05). ④GLS, GWI, GCW, GWW, GWE had good repeatability within and between observers.All the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Left ventricular systolic function in patients with repaired TOF is lower than that in healthy children of the same age by echocardiography PSL, although traditional indicators are still within the normal range. Patients with more severe RVOT obstruction before surgery have worse left ventricular systolic function after operation. Quantification of left ventricular myocardial work by echocardiography PSL is helpful for long-term follow-up of children after TOF repair.

Pressure-strain loops technique detects the effects of different pacing modes of left bundle branch on left ventricular myocardial work / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effects of different pacing modes (unipolar/bipolar) under left bundle branch pacing(LBBP) on ventricular mechanical synchrony and myocardial work using the pressure-strain loop technique.Methods:Twenty-nine patients with LBBP due to symptomatic bradycardia were collected as LBBP group in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from December 2018 to July 2020. Another 29 matched patients with right ventricular pacing (RVP) during the same period were also included as a RVP group. Each LBBP patient was programmed to different pacing modes (uni-/bio-polar) within 1 week after the operation.Under each pacing mode, the inter- and intra-ventricular mechanical synchronization were evaluated. Meanwhile, the global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE) were obtained by the left ventricular pressure-strain loops technique.Results:Compared with the RVP group, the mechanical synchrony in the LBBP group was significantly improved (all P<0.05). GWI, GCW, and GWE increased, while GWW decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05), there were no significant differences in ventricular mechanical synchronization, GWI, GCW, GWE, and GWW between unipolar and bipolar pacing in the LBBP group (all P>0.05), there were no significant differences in these parameters when increasing output voltage (all P>0.05). Conclusions:LBBP induces better mechanical synchronization and higher myocardial work efficiency than RVP. Different LBBP pacing modes do not affect ventricular mechanical synchronization and myocardial work efficiency.

Quantitative study of left ventricular pressure strain loop in evaluating myocardial work in patients with different degrees of coronary artery stenosis / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To evaluate the myocardial work of patients with different degrees of coronary artery stenosis with normal left ventricular ejection fraction and no segmental ventricular wall motion abnormality by left ventricular pressure-strain ring (PSL), and to explore the clinical value of myocardial work parameters in predicting severe coronary artery stenosis.Methods:The data of 238 patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from December 2020 to August 2021 was prospectively collected. According to the results of CAG, the patients were divided into control group, moderate stenosis group, severe stenosis (1-2 branches) group, severe stenosis (complex multiple branches) group. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global work waste (GWW) and global work efficiency (GWE) were measured by PSL. Univariate and multivariate logistics regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of severe coronary artery stenosis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to analyze the predictive value of GLS, GWI, GCW, GWW and GWE for severe coronary artery stenosis.Results:The GLS, GWI, GCW and GWE in severe stenosis group were lower than those in control group and moderate stenosis group (all P<0.05), while GWW was higher than those in control group and moderate stenosis group (all P<0.05); the GWI, GCW and GWE in severe stenosis (complex multiple branches) group were lower than those in severe stenosis (1-2 branches) group (all P<0.05), while GWW was higher than those in severe stenosis (1-2 branches) group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that GWE was an independent influencing factor for severe coronary stenosis ( OR=0.266, P<0.05). Compared with GLS, GWI, GCW and GWW, GWE had the largest area under the curve (0.920) to predict severe coronary stenosis, with sensitivity of 92.24% and specificity of 73.77%. The intra observer and inter observer correlation coefficients of GWI, GCW, GWW and GWE analyzed by two ultrasound physicians were 0.916 and 0.907, 0.989 and 0.981, 0.932 and 0.955, 0.931 and 0.937, respectively, which showed good repeatability. Conclusions:PSL provides a new method for quantitative evaluation of left ventricular systolic function in patients with coronary artery stenosis. GWE can be used as a sensitive indicator to predict patients with severe coronary artery stenosis, and is worth to be popularized and applied in the clinical.

Concepciones y prácticas de enseñanza en un grupo de docentes de educación superior: complejidades didácticas en la apropiación del modelo pedagógico institucional / Conceptions and teaching practices in a Higher Education Teacher's group: Didactic complexities in the appropriation of the institutional pedagogical model

Resumen El artículo tiene por objetivo presentar las reflexiones sobre las concepciones y prácticas pedagógicas implementadas por los docentes en el marco del modelo educativo pedagógico institucional y resaltar algunos retos asociados a la formación pedagógica de estos. Se propuso un enfoque interpretativo que analiza las narrativas didácticas de un grupo de 15 docentes de diferentes programas académicos de una universidad con acreditación multicampus en Colombia. Los resultados muestran que la formación docente constituye un aspecto determinante para el logro de los propósitos institucionales (bucle de autorregulación), así como una estrategia que favorece la emergencia de innovación en docencia (bucle recursivo). Concluye que la formación docente es definitiva para el desarrollo de procesos de diseño, mejoramiento e innovación didáctica en el marco del Modelo Pedagógico Institucional y propone una metodología de formación docente denominada laboratorios didácticos.

Abstract The article aims to present the reflections on the conceptions and practices of a higher education teacher "s group, as well as the challenges associated with their pedagogical training. An interpretive approach was proposed which analyzes the didactic narratives of a group of 15 teachers from different academic programs of a university with multicampus accreditation in Colombia. The results show that teacher training constitutes a self-regulatory loop for the achievement of institutional purposes, as well as a strategy that favors the autopoietic emergence of an innovative recursive loop in teaching. It was concluded that promoting teacher training is decisive for didactic planning, development, improvement, and innovation within the framework of the Institutional Pedagogical Model and a teacher training methodology called "didactic laboratories".

Treatment of Class II division I malocclusion having severe crowding, proclination with noncomplaint fixed functional appliance therapy, and frictionless mechanics

Our Objective was to treat a patient having proclined, protruded teeth along with a Class II Skeletal malocclusion. 0.022 × 0.028 inch MBT Brackets were placed, and leveling alignment was commenced. Individual canine retraction was carried out in both arches, followed by retraction of the incisors in the upper arch with a Burrstone's T Loop. E2Z Forsus fatigue resistance appliance was given for the correction of Class II malocclusion. Proclination, protrusion, and crowding were corrected along with Class II Skeletal base. Individual canine retraction along with frictionless mechanics and noncompliant functional correction has sufficient potential to prevent anchor loss and correct a Class II skeletal base.

Síndrome compartimental bilateral de pierna tras posición de litotomía prolongada: presentación de un caso clínico / Bilateral leg compartment syndrome after prolonged lithotomy position: clinical case report

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome compartimental es una complicación infrecuente pero severa que puede aparecer ante una posición de litotomía prolongada y el uso de perneras. OBJETIVO: Presentar un caso de síndrome compartimental bilateral tras posición de litotomía prolongada asociada con el uso de perneras. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Paciente varón de 43 años sometido a una cirugía urológica en posición habitual de litotomía durante un periodo de 6 horas. A las 2 horas de finalizar la cirugía, el paciente presentó dolor intenso y endurecimiento de compartimento anterior y lateral de ambas piernas, junto con una elevación de la creatina quinasa sérica (valor inicial de 109 U/L que se elevó hasta 7.689 U/L a las 12 horas) y una imposibilidad para la flexión dorsal pasiva de ambos tobillos. El paciente no sentía dolor en el resto de los compartimentos. RESULTADOS: Ante la sospecha de un síndrome compartimental anterolateral, se realizó fasciotomía bilateral urgente, y se observó una disminución de la perfusión muscular y mejoría de la misma tras apertura de la fascia. Se realizaron curas periódicas cada 48 horas, y se observó viabilidad del tejido hasta su cierre definitivo a los 4 días. A las 2 semanas, el paciente presentó fatiga ligera para la deambulación sin ayuda, con tumefacción en el compartimento lateral de ambas piernas. A los 10 meses de evolución, el paciente caminaba sin ayuda y con función muscular completa. CONCLUSIONES: El conocimiento de la asociación del síndrome compartimental y la cirugía laparoscópica prolongada es esencial para un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento quirúrgico inmediato, para evitar graves secuelas. Los buenos resultados de nuestro paciente se deben a la rápida actuación, ya que normalmente se suele demorar. Para evitar su aparición o disminuir su incidencia, la posición de litotomía debería limitarse a aquellos momentos de la cirugía en los que sea imprescindible, modificando la posición de las piernas cada dos horas en caso de cirugías prolongadas, para prevenir dicha complicación.

Compartment syndrome is a rare but severe complication resulting from a prolonged lithotomy position and the use of leg loops. PURPOSE: To present a case of bilateral compartment syndrome after prolonged lithotomy position associated with the use of leg loops. METHODS: A 43-year-old man underwent urological surgery in the usual lithotomy position for a 6-hour period. Two hours after the end of the surgery, the patient presented severe pain and stiffening of the anterior and lateral compartments of both legs, elevated serum creatine kinase levels (the baseline value of 109 U/L increased to 7,689 U/L at 12 hours), and inability for passive dorsiflexion of both ankles. The patient reported no pain in the other compartments. RESULTS: Suspicion of an anterolateral compartment syndrome resulted in an urgent bilateral fasciotomy; muscle perfusion was decreased, and it improved after fascial opening. Dressings were changed every 48 hours, and tissue viability was observed until the final closure at 4 days. At two weeks, the patient presented slight fatigue when walking with no assistance, in addition to swelling in the lateral compartment of both legs. Ten months after surgery, the patient walked with no assistance and with complete muscle function. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the association between compartment syndrome and prolonged laparoscopic surgery is essential for an early diagnosis and immediate surgical treatment to avoid serious sequelae. In our patient, the good outcomes resulted from quick action, since diagnosis is often delayed. Limiting the lithotomy position to those surgical moments in which it is essential and changing the position of the legs every 2 hours during prolonged procedures can reduce the occurrence and incidence of compartment syndrome, preventing this complication.

Pensamiento transcomplejo en la universidad / Transcomplex thinking in college

INTRODUCCIÓN: diversas teorías educativas se han desarrollado en varios siglos de existencia de los seres humanos, enfocados en diversos paradigmas, pero ninguno sin dejar de lado la visión lineal y reduccionista de la ciencia y la construcción de conocimiento. La presente teoría educativa es una propuesta de transformación educativa que se centra en la aplicación de la visión paradigmática de la complejidad y la transdisciplinariedad. OBJETIVO: identificar las características del pensamiento transcomplejo vinculada al paradigma emergente. MÉTODOS: revisión teórica de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo sobre la temática. RESULTADOS: es una teoría que responde a un planteamiento centrado en mostrar lineamientos para un manejo reflexivo, complejo y transdisciplinar aplicados a ejes concretos tales como: currículo complejo, didáctica compleja y transdisciplinar, complejización educativa, evaluación de la complejización, metacomplejidad planteamientos de investigación transdisciplinar en la educación, bucles educativos y el desarrollo de sus fundamentos epistemológicos y filosóficos en el paradigma emergente. La presente teoría educativa responde a procesos de transformación que rompe los esquemas estables de cultura, sociedad, ciencia y todo lo que el ser humano cree controlar en su visión lineal, la respuesta es compleja y transdisciplinar. CONCLUSIÓN: el pensamiento transcomplejo es una estrategia educativa emergente del siglo XXI cuyos pilares son la complejidad y la transdisciplinariedad.

INTRODUCTION: various educational theories have been developed in several centuries of human existence, focused on various paradigms, but none without neglecting the linear and reductionist vision of science and the construction of knowledge. The present educational theory is a proposal for educational transformation that focuses on the application of the paradigmatic vision of complexity and transdisciplinarity. OBJECTIVE: identify the characteristics of transcomplex thinking linked to the emerging paradigm. METHODS: theoretical review of an exploratory and descriptive nature on the subject. RESULTS: it is a theory that responds to an approach focused on showing guidelines for a reflexive, complex and transdisciplinary management applied to specific axes such as: complex curriculum, complex and transdisciplinary didactics, educational complexity, complexization evaluation, metacomplexity, transdisciplinary research approaches in education, educational loops and the development of its epistemological and philosophical foundations in the emerging paradigm. The present educational theory responds to transformation processes that breaks the stable schemes of culture, society, science and everything that the human being believes to control in his linear vision, the answer is complex and transdisciplinary. CONCLUSION: transcomplex thinking is an emerging educational strategy of the XXI century whose pillars are complexity and transdisciplinarity.

Lengths of the fixed loop and the adjustable loop in the coarse bone tunnel were compared to influence the widening of the femoral bone tunnel and the function of the knee joint / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effects of two different femoral cortical suspension devices (fixation loop and adjustable loop) on tunnel widening and knee function in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for 12 months.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were included in this study. According to the length of the loop(n)[n= total length of loop-(total length of femoral tunnel-total length of coarse tunnel)] in the rough bone tunnel, the patients were divided into A (adjustable loop was 0 mm in the coarse bone tunnel), B (fixation loop was greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm in the coarse bone tunnel) and C (fixation loop was greater than 10 mm in the coarse bone tunnel) groups, of which 11 cases were in group A, 27 cases in group B and 22 cases in group C. In the three-dimensional reconstruction of the knee joint with multi-slice spiral CT, the widening of the bone tunnel in the three groups was compared. At the same time, IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores of the patients in the three groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#There were differences in the widening degree of the femoral canal among groups A, B and C, and the median difference of the widening degree of the femoral tunnel 12 months and immediately after the surgery was A < B < C. The difference of femoral canal widening in group A was significantly different from that in groups B and C (P < 0.05).According to the linear regression the relationship between the difference of the width of the femoral canal and the change of the length (n) of the loop in the coarse canal, it was found that there was a linear relationship between the value of n and the difference of the width of the bone canal. With the increase of the value of n, the difference of the width of the bone canal gradually became larger. The median difference of the width of the middle and superior tunnel was negative, while the median difference of the width of the middle and inferior tunnel was positive. During the follow-up, we found that there were no statistical differences in IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores among the three groups one year after surgery (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Twelve months after surgery, compared with group B (fixed loop group) and group C (fixed loop group), group A (adjustable loop group) had less bone tunnel widening.In groups A, B and C, as the length of the loop in coarse bone tunnel gradually increased, the width of bone tunnel became more significant. At the end of 12 months follow-up after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the medial and inferior femoral tunnel was significantly wider than immediately after surgery, and the medial and superior femoral tunnel had gradually begun to undergo tendon-bone healing. There was no significant difference in knee function scores among groups A, B, and C in the follow-up 12 months after surgery.

Hernia of the umbilical cord: a clinical spectrum

Background: Hernia of the umbilical cord is a rare clinical entity which presents with hernia of the small bowel into the proximal part of the umbilical cord. This is sporadically associated with other congenital malformations. This is usually poorly identified and mistakenly termed as 'omphalocele minor. Inadvertent clamping of the cord in these cases leads to iatrogenic bowel wall injury. The aim of this study is to present a spectrum of cases presenting with umbilical cord hernia in a tertiary care Govt medical college, along with demography, intra operative findings, associated malformations and postoperative outcome and 1 year follow up.Methods: This is an ambispective study on neonates who attended the Outpatient Department (OPD) or Emergency department. The babies were evaluated by age, birth weight, gender, any gross clinical malformation. They were also evaluated intraoperatively for any associated anomalies. Post-surgery the babies were followed up until 2 years of age in pediatric surgery OPD of the same institute and outcome was recorded.Results: Out of 90 babies, 88 babies (97.77%) had body weight more than 2.5 kg, and rest 2(2.22%) had bodyweight of 1.5kg and 1.8 kg. Regarding content of contents of umbilical cord hernia, out of 87 patients, 43 patients (49.42%) had ileal loop as, 32 patients (36.78%) had ileum with Meckel's diverticulum, 6 patients (6.39%) had cecum with appendix.Conclusions: Most of this study cases had ileal loops as content of the hernial sacs, and 36.78% cases had Meckel's diverticulum associated, which is a remnant of Vitello intestinal duct. Prompt identification of the condition and early intervention and adequate post-natal care are affective to prevent long term morbidity.

Research progresses of ultrasonic pressure strain loops technique in evaluation of myocardial work / 中国医学影像技术

Based on 2D speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI), myocardium layer-specific strain can be used for quantitative assessment of myocardial function, but is load dependent. Added after-load (blood pressure) measurement to myocardium layer-specific strain, pressure strain loops (PSL) technique can effectively restrict load dependence and quantitatively analyze the work of whole and segmental myocardium. The research progresses of PSL in evaluation of myocardial work were reviewed in this article.

Spirometry and Flow Volume Loops in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is the mostcommon sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and is associatedwith recurrent episodes of upper airway (UA) collapse duringsleep. Arousal from sleep is required to re-establish the airwaypatency. Patients with OSAS have various structural andfunctional abnormalities of the upper airway during sleep,which may reflect on their pulmonary function tests.Material and methods: We performed spirometry in 50diagnosed OSAS patients. Spirometric indices like FEF50/FIF50 >1 and saw tooth appearance of FV loops were studied.Their association with OSA and grades of OSA was evaluatedusing statistical analysis.Results: It was found that these spirometric indices werecommon in OSAS patients but their association with grades ofOSA were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Spirometry findings can point toward diagnosisof OSA but these findings are absent in most OSA patients.

Feedback loops in circadian clocks of Drosophila and mammals

Circadian rhythm is 24-hour cycle rhythmicity in organisms, which is endogenous, entrained by environmentalcues, and temperature-compensated. Circadian rhythm is driven by circadian clock, which is present in allthe cells and tissues of the body. Small ventral lateral neurons located in the lateral brain in Drosophilaand suprachiasmatic nucleus in mammals are the central oscillators which regulate all the peripheral clockspresent throughout the body. The circadian rhythm is maintained by a conserved transcriptional–translationalautoregulatory loop, which generates oscillations in the expression of clock genes. Here, this review focuses onthe interconnected feedback loops present in Drosophila and mammals.

Study of Fingerprint Patterns among Young Adults and its Relation with Their Gender & Blood Groups

Fingerprint patterns are genotypically determined and remain unchanged from birth till death so they are used as effective means of establishing identity of an individual & study of finger prints as method of identification is known as Dactylography or Dactyloscopy. Aim- was to study fingerprint patterns among young adults & its relation with their gender & blood groups. Methods: Study includes 100 young adults of both genders selected randomly.Fingerprints were taken by pressing fingertips of subjects on stamp pad & then transferring the impressions on paper. Subjects were instructed to mention their Blood group, Age & sex on the same paper. Results: Subjects were having 69%,25%,6% of Loops, Whorls & Arches respectively.Males had 68%,26%,6% & females had 69%,24%,7% of Loops,Whorls & Arches respectively.Arches were absent in Rh -ve blood group & were maximum in blood group B+ i-e 50.8% followed by blood groups O+ve,AB+ve & A+ve with 34.4%, 13.1% & 1.7% respectively.Whorls were absent in B-ve Subjects & were maximum in B+vesubjects with 34.8% followed by O+ve, A+ve,AB+ve,O-ve,AB-ve with 28%,22.4%,10.8%, 2.4%,1.6% respectively.Loops were maximum in B+ve i-e 36.6% followed by A+ve,O+ve,AB+ve,O-ve,B-ve, AB-ve with 26.6%,24.5%,6.5%,3.5%, 1.4%,0.9% respectively. Conclusion: Loops are the most common & arches are the least common fingerprint pattern found in the population & Rh- blood groups lack Arches. whorls were absent in B-ve blood group & loops were minimum in AB-ve blood group.Whorls, loops & Arches all types were maximum in B+ve blood group.

Dermatoglyphic Pattern Differences in Females with Reproductive System Cancers and It’s Scope in Preventive Care

Introduction: Female reproductive system cancers shorten lifespan in women because of high mortality and morbidity. The detection of pre-invasive and micro-invasive stages makes near 100% survival of cancer patients. Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of fingerprints. Many genes which take part in the control of finger and palm dermatoglyphic development distinguished cancer patients from the general population. It is possible that these genes also predispose to the development of malignancy. Since many investigations are needed to confirm the diagnosis of cancers, dermatoglyphics can be used as a screening procedure for planning preventive care if a specific pattern is known for a cancer. Aims and Objectives: To analyze the prints of different cancers, to analyze the results, compare with controls and observe the differences in main parameters of dermatoglyphic patterns and to determine a specific pattern for specific cancers. Subjects and Methods: This is a prospective, observational and an analytical study started after the approval by Institutional Ethical Committee of S.V. Medical College, Tirupati. The material for the study consisted of finger and palm prints of outpatients and inpatients of the Department of OBG, Tirupati, Cancer Hospital in and around Tirupati, Nellore and Kadapa. The ink prints of each finger and palm were collected and analyzed. Results: Ridge counts, digital patterns and main line formulae observed in different cancers in the present study were analyzed and presented. Mean TFRC was higher in normal group. Greater AFRC was observed in cancer cervix patients when compared to controls. In the present study, there is no difference (p> 0.05) in a-b ridge count among carcinoma of cervix and control group in both hands. Differences of mean atd, tad and tda angles among the groups are not statistically significant (P>0.05).The most common C-main line termination pattern of cancers are U followed by R and then Ab. IV interdigital area of both hands presented less incidence of loop pattern in cancer cases when compared to normal group. Special findings in respective cancers are discussed separately and they are not found in any other literature. Conclusion: There are very limited studies in literature on dermatoglyphic pattern in female reproductive cancers. Though the cost of prints is less, more time and skilled human resources are required for their analysis. Study sample size of controls and cases to be increased. Public should be enlightened about dermatoglyphics. If large number of studies are done and a specific pattern is established for specific cancers, then it becomes cost-effective to people so that a risk is predicted beforehand in any disease and preventive methods can be employed at an early age as the dermatoglyphic patterns do not change in a life time.

M/F changes after T-loop upper horizontal bending in segmented arch mechanics / Cambios en relación M/F después del doblaje horizontal superior en ansas en T para mecánicas de arco segmentado

bTi T-type loops are a frictionless, efficient alternative for extraction space closure. Changes in the upper horizontal portion of T-type loops to improve their mechanical behavior have been proposed, but differences in their biomechanical characteristics have not been well described. This stu dy analyzed the biomechanical differences among three T-type loops with differential bends in their upper horizontal portion. Ninety loops (0.017"x0.025" bTi) were bent and randomly divided in 3 groups according to the form of their upper horizontal portion (Tstraight, M convex, and C-loops concave), to evaluate force characteristics up to 6 mm of activation. Stiffness, maximum horizontal loads, total loop moments, and moment-to-force ratios were obtained. Nonparametric statistical analyses were used to test differences among groups. M-loops demonstrated lower force than T- and C-loops, and higher total loop moment than T-loops. A significant increase in M-loop moment-to-force ratio compared with T- or C-loops was obtained. C- and T-loops did not demonstrate significant differences in moment-to-force ratio between them. The convex upper bend in M-loops produced an increased total loop moment compared with T-loops. M-loops demonstrated moment-to-force values slightly higher than translation values, while the other loops reported only controlled inclination values at 6 mm of activation. M-loops are ideal when a higher control of root movement is indicated since the beginning of dental retraction in segmented arch mechanics.

Las ansas tipo T de bTi son una alternativa eficiente para el cierre de espacios de extracción. Cambios en la porción horizontal de las ansas tipo T se han propuesto para mejorar su comportamiento mecánico, pero sus diferencias con relación a las características biomecánicas no han sido bien descritas. Este estudio analizo las diferencias biomecánicas entre tres ansas tipo T con dobleces diferenciales en su porción horizontal superior. Noventa ansas (0,017"x0,025" bTi) fueron dobladas y divididas en tres grupos aleatoriamente, de acuerdo a la forma de su porción horizontal superior (ansas en T recta, M convexa, y C cóncava), para evaluar características de fuerza hasta 6 mm de activación. Rigidez, cargas horizontales máximas, momentos totales del ansa, y razones momento-fuerza fueron obtenidas. Análisis estadísticos no paramétricos se utilizaron para comprobar diferencias entre los grupos. Las ansas en M demostraron una menor fuerza que las ansas en T y C, y momentos totales del ansa mas altos que las ansas en T. Se obtuvo un incremento significativo en la razón momento-fuerza de las ansas en M comparado con las ansas en T o en C. Las ansas en C y T no demostraron diferencias significativas en la razón momento-fuerza entre si. El doblez convexo superior en las ansas en M produjo un momento del ansa total incrementado comparado con las ansas en T. Las ansas en M mostraron valores de momento-fuerza ligeramente mas altos que los valores para translación, mientras que las otras ansas solo reportaron valores para inclinación controlada a 6 mm de activación. Las ansas en M son ideales cuando un control alto de movimiento radicular esta indicado desde en comienzo de la retracción dental en mecánicas de arco segmentado.

A Study of Sexual Dimorphism in Finger Print Pattern in Indian Population.

Background: In Dermatoglyphics the finger palms and soles elevation pattern are studied. The term dermatoglyphics, the uniqueness of a person’s fingerprints have been thought by some to be fixing to a person’s personality and constructing genetic quality of each individual. Methods: In the present study, 400 students are taken from out of which 200 males and 200 females. Prints are taken and the ridge counts are studied with the help of a magnifying lens. They are identified as: Arches, Loops and Whorls in both genders. The Performa is prepared on a durable A4 sheet divided into five marked areas. The right hand thumb (1) index finger (2) middle finger (3) ring finger (4) little finger (5), followed by the left hand; thumb (6) index finger (7) middle finger (8) ring finger (9), little finger (10). Result: The most common fingerprint patterns in Indian population is loops (both ulnar and radial) (60.65%) followed by whorls (34.7%) and arch (53.5%). The most common fingerprint patterns in Indian males is ulnar loops (55.1%) similarly (64.6%) females had ulnar loops. The percentage of whorls in males and females were 38% and 31.4% respectively. The rarest finger pattern was arch (6%) in males and (4.7%) in females. Conclusion: Dermatoglyphics can play an important role in person identity and gender estimation. Thus this study we prove helpful in forensic science and also in slowing medico legal cases.

A finite element analysis of en-mass retraction of maxillary anterior teeth with double keyhole loops / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the biomechanical effects of en-mass retraction of maxillary anterior with double keyhole loops in different kinds of loading methods on maxillary anterior teeth.Methods:Three 3D finite element models of the maxillary with double keyhole loops were constructed using MIMICS software with CT data of a male patient who had maxillary first premolars extracted.The orthoclontic force was loaded by ① back winding of the archwire end,② archwire strengthening and ③ archwire strengthening com-bined with successive ligation on the top of the doube keyhole loops,respectively.The initial displacement of maxillary anterior teeth in different loading conditions was analysed with the help of ANSYS software.Results:From the loading condition 1 to 3,on the sagit-tal direction,the displacement difference of crown and root of the maxillary central incisor was reduced from 4.19E -03 mm to -8. 85E -03 mm,which means that the lingual crown tipping movement gradually turn into bodily movement and then to labial tipping crown movement.Meanwhile the displacement of lateral incisor decreased from 7.99E -03 mm to 5.84E -04 mm and that of canine decreased from 9.47E -03 mm to 8.54E -03 mm.Vertical movement of incisors became intrusion from extrusion and intrusion move-ment of canines become more significantly.Conclusion:Torque control of anterior teeth is different in three loading conditions,load-ing by ligation and successive ligation on the top of the double keyhole loops may make the anterior tooth movement as a whole.

Combined occlusion of branch retinal artery and vein secondary to prepapillary arterial loops.

A middle‑aged diabetic and hypertensive man presented with diminished vision in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed prepapillary arterial loops, but with features of venous rather than arterial occlusion. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography confirmed the presence of a branch retinal vein occlusion along with two branch retinal artery occlusions. The resultant macular edema responded well to intravitreal triamcinolone and laser photocoagulation though the visual improvement was moderate.