Investigation on maternal and infant health literacy among lying-in women / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the level of maternal and infant health literacy and its influencing factors among lying-in women, so as to provide insights into formulating maternal and infant health education and promotion strategies. @*Methods@# Lying-in women were sampled from Children's Hospital of Shanxi using a cluster sampling method from March to September 2022. Demographic characteristics, maternal and infant health literacy, and health education demands were collected through a questionnaire survey. Factors affecting maternal and infant health literacy among lying-in women were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#A total of 1 099 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 059 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 96.36%. Participants had a mean age of (30.93±4.01) years, 930 urban residents (87.82%), and 706 pluripara (66.67%). The overall prevalence of maternal and infant health literacy was 35.51% among lying-in women, and the prevalence rates of basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyles and behaviors and basic skills were 47.69%, 83.10% and 38.81%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that educational level (diploma or undergraduate degree, OR=3.916, 95%CI: 1.250-9.031; master degree and above, OR=4.557, 95%CI: 1.498-11.460), occupation (company employees, OR=2.701, 95%CI: 1.385-5.268; medical staff, OR=2.981, 95%CI: 1.289-6.893), pluripara (OR=5.649, 95%CI: 3.919-8.142), participating in health education activities (OR=2.332, 95%CI: 1.524-3.570), and participating in schools for pregnant women (OR=2.252, 95%CI: 1.541-3.291) were promoting factors for maternal and infant health literacy; while gestational hypertension (OR=0.255, 95%CI: 0.133-0.488) and gestational diabetes (OR=0.318, 95%CI: 0.211-0.478) were inhibiting factors for maternal and infant health literacy. Most participants acquired health knowledge through online media (62.42%), and hoped to participate in health education activities through online media publicity (68.18%).@* Conclusions @#The maternal and infant health literacy level of lying-in women in this survey is associated with education, occupation, parturition frequency, participation in health education activities, participation in schools for pregnant women, gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes.

Trend in incidence of stroke in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021 / 预防医学

Objective@# To establish a comprehensive health evaluation index system for HIV-infected pregnant women in floating populations, so as to support the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. @*Methods@# The preliminary framework of the comprehensive health evaluation indicators was constructed based on literature review and focus group discussion. Experts from maternal and child healthcare, clinical medicine and public health were invited to participate in two-round Delphi consultations. The indicators were scored and weighed according to the importance, priority and measurability, and determined according to means and coefficients of variation of scores. The effectiveness of the consultation was evaluated by positive coefficient, authority coefficient and coordination coefficient.@*Results@# Twenty-six experts participated in this study, including 19 women. There were 5 experts aged 30-40 years, 14 experts aged 41-50 years, and 7 experts aged 51 years and over. There were 17 experts with a master degree and above. All experts had vice senior professional titles and above. The positive coefficients in the two rounds of consultations were 96.30% and 100.00%, the authority coefficients were 0.84 and 0.89, respectively. Finally, 4 primary indicators (individuals and families, disease factors, social environment, health service utilization) and 50 secondary indicators were identified, with the coefficients of variation ranging from 0.084 to 0.236 and the coordination coefficients ranging from 0.282 to 0.405 (all P<0.001). Among the secondary indicators, getting antiviral drugs at the place of residence was restricted to floating populations or not (0.780), HIV viral load during pregnancy (0.750), the registration of maternal and childbirth care manuals at the place of residence was restricted to floating populations or not (0.749), and first-trimester registration or not (0.738) had a high weight. @*Conclusion @#This index system can provide the reference for evaluating the health equity of HIV-infected pregnant and lying-in women in floating populations.

Factors affecting excessive weight gain during pregnancy / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the current prevalence of excessive weight gain during pregnancy among pregnant and lying-in women in Xining City and to identify the influencing factors, so as to provide insights into reasonable weight control during pregnancy.@*Methods@#The pregnant and lying-in women who were registered and delivered in the Red Cross Hospital of Qinghai Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and the First People's Hospital of Xining City from August 2021 to July 2022 were enrolled. Women's demographics, health status during pregnancy, diet, sleep and exercise were collected through prenatal testing data and questionnaires. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy was identified according to "Weight monitoring and evaluation during pregnancy of Chinese Women" (T/CNSS 009-2021), and the factors affecting excessive weight gain during pregnancy were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 902 questionnaires were allocated and 882 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.78%. The pregnant and lying-in women had a mean age of (29.06±4.16) years, mean pregestational body mass index of (20.44±2.20) kg/m2 and mean gestational weight gain of (14.17±3.11) kg, and there were 447 primiparas (50.68%) and 360 women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy (40.82%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified an educational level of senior high school/technical secondary school (OR=1.400, 95%CI: 1.037-1.889), annual household income of >200 000 Yuan (OR=2.385, 95%CI: 1.924-2.956), a family history of diabetes (OR=1.475, 95%CI: 1.180-1.844), pregestational overweight/obesity (OR=4.079, 95%CI: 2.471-6.734), gestational hypertension (OR=2.061, 95%CI: 1.027-4.136), anxiety (OR=1.315, 95%CI: 1.139-1.518) and preference for sour foods (OR=1.715, 95%CI: 1.237-2.376) as risk factors for excessive weight gain during pregnancy, and early pregnancy reaction as a protective factor (OR=0.636, 95%CI: 0.546-0.742).@*Conclusions @#The prevalence of excessive weight gain during pregnancy was high in Xining City, and educational level, annual household income, family history of diabetes, pregestational body mass index, pregnant complications and dietary habits are factors affecting excessive weight gain during pregnancy.

Analysis of factors affecting the compliance of postpartum pelvic floor muscle training / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the difference in behavioral characteristics among different phenotypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), so as to provide insights into clinical differentiation of behavioral characteristics among different phenotypes of ADHD.@*Methods@#The children with ADHD admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University were enrolled and classified into the inattentive type (ADHD-I), hyperactive/impulsive type (ADHD-HI) and combined type (ADHD-C). The reaction time (RT) was measured using integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test, and the mean (RT-mean) and standard deviation of RT (RT-SD) were estimated. In addition, the ALFF was calculated at 0.010 to 0.027, 0.027 to 0.073, 0.073 to 0.167 Hz, and the difference of ALFF was compared among children with different types of ADHD. @*Results@#A total of 107 children with ADHD were enrolled, including 95 boys and 12 girls, with a mean age of (8.89±1.93) years. There were 69 children with ADHD-I, 8 children with ADHD-HI and 30 children with ADHD-C. The RT-SD was significantly higher among children with ADHD-C than among children with ADHD-I [(126.003±51.619) ms vs. (97.720±45.302) ms; P=0.007]; however, there was no significant difference in RT-mean among children with various ADHD phenotypes (F=1.386, P=0.255). There was an interaction between frequency and ADHD phenotypes (F=2.754, P=0.032), and the ALFF was significantly higher among children with ADHD-C than among children with ADHD-I at 0.010 to 0.027 [(5 590.567±231.595) ms vs. (4 694.001±154.397) ms; P=0.002] and 0.073 to 0.167 Hz [(4 312.609±174.709) ms vs. (3 690.805±116.473) ms; P=0.005].@*Conclusions @#The ALFF varies in ADHD phenotypes, and there is a frequency-specific difference.

12-lead electrocardiogram for orthostatic hypertension in children and its clinical significance / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the 12-lead electrocardiogram findings and their clinical significance in children with orthostatic hypertension (OHT), providing evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of OTH.Methods:Thirty-four children with OHT who received diagnosis and treatment in the Zhuji Second People's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were included in the OHT group. An additional 34 healthy children who concurrently received routine physical examination were included in the control group. Both groups of children underwent a 12-lead electrocardiogram in lying and standing positions. The changes in ST-segment and T-wave amplitudes in the lying position relative to the standing position were compared between the two groups.Results:The changes in T-wave amplitude of leads II, V 5, and V 6 in the OHT group were (0.07 ± 0.11) mV, (0.13 ± 0.12) mV, and (0.14 ± 0.11) mV, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(0.02 ± 0.07) mV, (0.05 ± 0.06) mV, (0.03 ± 0.04) mV, t = 2.24, 3.48, 5.48, P = 0.029, 0.001, < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the changes in T-wave amplitude of other leads between the two groups (all P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in change in ST-segment amplitude on 12-lead electrocardiogram images between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The area under the curve of the changes in T-wave amplitude of leads II and V 5 in predicting OHT in children was 0.596 and 0.672 respectively, the sensitivity was 64.71% and 55.88%, respectively, and the specificity was 70.59% and 61.76%, respectively. The changes in T-wave amplitude of leads II and V 5 had low efficacy in predicting OHT in children. The area under the curve of the change in T-wave amplitude of lead V 6 in predicting OHT in children was 0.738, and the sensitivity and specificity were 76.47% and 67.65%, respectively. The change in T-wave amplitude of lead V 6 had moderate efficacy for predicting OHT in children. Conclusion:The changes in T-wave amplitude of lead V 6 on the electrocardiogram image taken in the lying position relative to the standing position are of certain value in predicting OHT in children. The 12-lead electrocardiogram can provide important evidence for clinical prediction and diagnosis of OHT in children.

Mentir para vacunarse / Lyng to get vaccinated

No hace mucho tiempo, un grupo pequeño pero significativo de ciudadanos nacionales cruzaron las fronteras, surcaron los aires, se mecieron con las olas para vacunarse contra COVID-19 porque en el horizonte nacional, no había señales de protegerse con ellas, por no pertenecer a alguno de los grupos prioritarios. La escasez del recurso financiero y de las vacunas obligó considerar la necesidad de proteger primero con la vacuna a los grupos vulnerables, conocidos en ese momento, como las personas mayores de 70 años y el personal de salud, de las instituciones hospitalarias. Aún con vacunas suficientes, el más frágil no debe hacer filas y esperar porque otros gozan de los privilegios de la familiaridad, la amistad o la posición social. Además, en otras latitudes, las vacunas se empezaban a botar al final del día.

Not long ago, a small but significant group of national citizens crossed the borders, crossed the air, rocked with the waves to get vaccinated against COVID-19 because on the national horizon, there were no signs of protecting themselves with them, because they did not belong to one of the priority groups. The scarcity of financial resources and vaccines made it necessary to consider the need to first protect vulnerable groups, known at that time, such as people over 70 years of age and health personnel, of hospital institutions with the vaccine. Even with sufficient vaccinations, the most fragile should not stand in line and wait because others enjoy the privileges of familiarity, friendship, or social position. In addition, in other latitudes, vaccines began to drop at the end of the day.

Hit-and-runs more common with pedestrians lying on the road: Analysis of a nationwide database in Japan / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#To determine the trends with fatally or otherwise injured pedestrians lying on the road and the relationship to hit-and-run incidents in Japan.@*METHODS@#We extracted data for 2012-2016 from the records of the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis, Japan, a nationwide traffic accident database. All the injured and fatally injured pedestrians were selected. We examined the levels of pedestrian injury, vehicle speed immediately before the collision, whether or not the pedestrian was lying on the road, and hit-and-run incidents. Chi-square test was employed to make a statistical comparison between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The database contained data on 286,383 pedestrian casualties and 7256 fatalities; 8.3% of fatalities (602 persons) and 0.6% of casualties (1827 persons) involved pedestrians lying on the road. The rates of fatalities and severe injuries were significantly higher for pedestrians who were lying on the road than for those who were not. Hit-and-run incidents were evident in 4.0% of casualties and 7.3% of fatalities. The rate of hit-and-run cases was also significantly higher among pedestrians who were lying on the road. Among fatally injured pedestrians not lying on the road, the rates with speeds of ≥30 km/h did not differ significantly between hit-and-run and other cases. However, when the pedestrians were lying on the road, the rate was significantly increased in hit-and-run cases.@*CONCLUSION@#This is the first report to focus on pedestrians lying on the road and being involved in hit-and-run incidents. In addition to preventing hit-and-run incidents, prevention of pedestrians lying on the road could also decrease fatalities.

A mentira terapêutica e o silenciamento do idoso e do morrer / Therapeutic lying and silencing of the elderly and dying / Mentir terapéutico y silenciar a los ancianos y la muerte

Resumo Um importante dispositivo do poder médico pode ser caracterizado pela atitude paternalista frente ao paciente, estabelecendo uma relação assimétrica na qual o médico possui o conhecimento necessário para definir o melhor para o paciente. A bioética busca minimizar essa assimetria através da ideia de que o paciente possui o direito de consentir sobre as intervenções que serão (ou não) realizadas em seu corpo. Porém, uma situação comum para algumas especialidades médicas é o recurso da mentira terapêutica. O presente artigo busca refletir sobre o uso da mentira terapêutica a partir da análise de um caso viés etnográfico. A análise realizada evidencia a mentira terapêutica enquanto um desdobramento do ocultamento da morte e do morrer. Além disto, possibilita a reflexão sobre o processo de apagamento da capacidade de autonomia e de consentimento entre idosos como resultado da individualidade e da independência enquanto valores fundamentais para a sociedade moderna contemporânea.

Abstract An important device of medical power can be characterized by the paternalistic attitude towards the patient, establishing an asymmetric relationship in which the doctor has the necessary knowledge to define the best for the patient. Bioethics seeks to minimize this asymmetry through the idea that the patient has the right to consent to interventions that will be (or not) performed on their body. However, a common situation for some medical specialties is the use of therapeutic lying. This article reflects on the use of therapeutic lying based on the analysis of an ethnographic bias case. The analysis carried out shows the therapeutic lie as an unfolding from the concealment of death and dying. In addition, it enables reflection on the process of erasing the capacity for autonomy and consent among the elderly as a result of individuality and independence as fundamental values for modern contemporary society.

Resumen Un dispositivo importante de poder médico puede caracterizarse por la actitud paternalista hacia el paciente, estableciendo una relación asimétrica en la que el médico tiene los conocimientos necesarios para definir lo mejor para el paciente. La bioética busca minimizar esta asimetría a través de la idea de que el paciente tiene derecho a consentir las intervenciones que se realizarán (o no) en su cuerpo. Sin embargo, una situación común para algunas especialidades médicas es el uso de la mentira terapéutica. Este artículo busca reflexionar sobre el uso de la mentira terapéutica a partir del análisis de un caso de sesgo etnográfico. El análisis realizado muestra la mentira terapéutica como un despliegue del encubrimiento de la muerte y el morir. Además, permite reflexionar sobre el proceso de borrado de la capacidad de autonomía y consentimiento de las personas mayores como resultado de la individualidad y la independencia como valores fundamentales para la sociedad contemporánea moderna.

Role of low-lying pubic tubercle in the development of inguinal hernia

Background: Hernia is defined as abnormal protrusion of whole or a part of a viscus through the wall that contains it. Among all external abdominal hernias, inguinal hernia is one most commonly encountered. Many factors are responsible for the formation of the inguinal hernia but, what makes a few people more susceptible to this situation is still clearly not proved. The lowness of pubic tubercle is associated with narrow origin of internal oblique muscle from lateral inguinal ligament which fails to protect the deep inguinal ring consequently lead to inguinal hernia.Methods: The study was conducted in Sardar Patel Medical College and attached hospital, Bikaner for duration of 12 months from March 2018 to February 2019. It is a case-control study with 50 cases and 50 control meeting inclusion criteria. In all patients, following parameters SS line, ST line, height, weight was recorded and evaluated.Results: The mean value of ST line in our study group is 7.37±0.182 cm which is significantly greater (p=0.0001) than the controls the mean value being 7.01±0.262 cm. In our study, 98% of cases were having ST line >7.01 cm whereas 66% of controls were ST line under 7.01 cm.Conclusions: Group of people with low lying pubic tubercle are at high risk of developing inguinal hernia.

A prospective study of fetomaternal outcome in cases of placenta previa

Background: The incidence of placenta previa ranges from 0.5-1% amongst hospital deliveries. Placenta previa is major cause of antepartum haemorrhage and is potentially devastating complication. Obstetric haemorrhage is most common cause for maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in India. This study aimed to determine frequency, type of placenta previa, risk factors and adverse fetomaternal outcomes of placenta previa.Methods: This was a prospective study carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College and Sir-T hospital, Bhavnagar from July 2007 to July 2009 to analyze fetomaternal outcome in cases of placenta previa. All patients of placenta previa with gestational age > 28 weeks up to full term were included in the study. All cases were confirmed by Ultrasound examination. All cases were carefully analyzed to find out the incidence, type of placenta previa, its clinical presentation and its outcome in relation to mode of delivery, birth weight, maternal and perinatal morbidity.Results: There was total 50 cases of placenta previa out of 5636 deliveries. The prevalence of placenta previa was 0.88% and was more commonly present among multiparous women (82%). Most common type was type IV placenta previa in 23 (46%) cases followed by type III in 11 (22%) cases. Out of 50 cases, 06 (12%) cases had atonic PPH and 02 (04%) cases underwent peripartum hysterectomy. Most common predisposing factors were age >35 years (04%), multiparity (50%), previous cesarean section (16%) and previous history of abortion (12%). All cases of perinatal mortality were between 28 to 30 weeks weighing between 1-1.5 kg. There was no maternal mortality in this study.Conclusions: Managing a case of placenta previa during pregnancy poses a great challenge to every obstetrician in present day obstetrics due to its increased risk of maternal and perinatal complications.

Comparison of cardiac autonomic response in different ABO blood groups of young adults

Background: ABO blood group has been associated with various disease phenotypes, particularly cardiovascular disease. Abnormal autonomic response also plays a role in cardiac morbidity. Increasing attention is being focused on the role of autonomic nervous system in health and disease. The literature lacks data on the association of blood groups and cardiac autonomic function. The aim of the study was to find out the association between different blood groups and cardiovascular autonomic functions in young adults.Methods: 150 healthy young students of MMU aged 18-25 years, divided into four groups based on ABO blood grouping, determined by agglutination test (group A, group B, group O and group AB). Various autonomic function tests done were lying to standing test, Valsalva maneuver, Hand grip test (HGT) and Cold pressor test (CPT).Results: The mean baseline heart rate was significantly higher in group O as compared to group A. No parasympathetic alteration between different ABO blood groups was seen. Blood pressure response to HGT and CPT was not statistically significant between different blood groups.Conclusions: Present study revealed no alteration in cardiac autonomic function with regards to ABO blood grouping in young adults.

Effect of Body Mass Index on Cardiac Autonomic Functional Status in Healthy Young Adults

Introduction: Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is involvedin energy metabolism and regulation of the cardiovascularsystem. Autonomic dysfunction has been suggested tooccur in obese individuals in both adults and children but acomprehensive study of the autonomic status in young adultsis scant. So aim of the study was to evaluate and comparecardiovascular autonomic functions in young adults on thebasis of BMI.Material and methods: 150 healthy young students of MMUaged 18–25 years, divided into four groups based on BMI asper Asian criteria (underweight, normal weight, overweightand obese). Various autonomic function tests done were Lyingto Standing test, Valsalva manoeuvre, Hand grip test (HGT)and Cold pressor test (CPT).Results: The mean baseline SBP and DBP were significantlyhigher in obese subjects followed by overweight, normalweight and under weight. No parasympathetic alterationbetween different BMI groups was seen. Mean values ofresting SBP and DBP were significantly higher and bloodpressure response to HGT and CPT was significantly lower inobese as compared to normal weight subjects.Conclusion: Our study revealed an altered autonomicfunction in the form of impaired sympathetic activity withno parasympathetic modulation in obese young adults. Soweight reduction and moderate intensity aerobic exerciseprogrammes should be incorporated into daily living, whichmay delay or prevent the onset of hypertension.

Understanding Lies Based on Evolutionary Psychology: A Critical Review / O Entendimento da Mentira com Base na Psicologia Evolucionista: Uma Revisão Crítica / La Comprensión de la Mentira Basada en la Psicología Evolucionista: Una Revisión Crítica

Abstract The present article aims to propose a theoretical discussion regarding the role of lying based upon the Evolutionary Psychology perspective by shedding a new light on the main studies conducted in this area. In order to do so, this article addresses the phylogenies and ontogenies of the capability to lie, both suggesting that the rise of lying as a pro-social deed is intimately related with Homo sapiens incredibly broad and complex communication skills. Like so, the paper continues on expatiating on the underlying cognitive and neuronal mechanisms of lying and lying recognition, as well as the differences amongst genders concerning the ability to recognize deceit. Broadly, the present theoretic study may elucidate the current state of knowledge regarding the topic, thus signaling necessary and more promising paths for future studies to follow with the purpose of contributing to fields where the act of uttering lies is highly present, such as the judicial context.

Resumo O presente artigo tem por objetivo propor uma discussão teórica sobre o papel da mentira a partir da perspectiva da Psicologia Evolucionista, trazendo uma nova luz sobre os principais estudos realizados nessa área. Para tanto, este artigo aborda as filogenias e ontogenias da capacidade de mentir, ambas sugerindo que a ascensão da mentira como ação pró-social está intimamente relacionada às habilidades de comunicação incrivelmente amplas e complexas do Homo sapiens. Assim, o artigo discute os mecanismos cognitivos e neuronais subjacentes ao reconhecimento de mentiras, bem como as diferenças entre os gêneros em relação à capacidade de reconhecer o engano. Em linhas gerais, o presente estudo teórico pode elucidar o estado atual do conhecimento sobre o tema, sinalizando percursos necessários e mais promissores para futuros estudos, com o objetivo de contribuir para campos onde o ato de proferir mentiras está muito presente, como o contexto judiciário.

Resumen El presente artículo tiene como objetivo proponer una discusión teórica sobre el papel de la mentira a luz de la Psicología Evolucionista a partir de los principales estudios desarrollados en esta área. El artículo discurre sobre la filogénesis y la ontogénesis de la capacidad de mentir, discutiendo los mecanismos que viabilizan la ocurrencia de la mentira en la especie humana. El trabajo sugiere que el desarrollo de la mentira como práctica pro-social está íntimamente relacionado con la vasta capacidad de comunicación del Homo sapiens, discurriendo sobre los mecanismos cognitivos y neurales subyacentes, así como la diferencia entre géneros en lo que se refiere al reconocimiento del engaño. En general, el presente estudio teórico puede elucidar el estado actual de conocimiento sobre el asunto, indicando caminos necesarios y más prometedores para nuevos trabajos, a fin de colaborar para campos de actuación donde el acto de proferir mentiras se hace más presente, como, por ejemplo, el contexto judicial.

Intersphincteric Resection for Patients With Low-Lying Rectal Cancer: Oncological and Functional Outcomes

The aim of this review is to evaluate the outcomes after an intersphincteric resection (ISR) for patients with low-lying rectal cancer. Reports published in the literature regarding surgical, oncological, and functional outcomes of an ISR were reviewed. The morbidity after an ISR was 7.7%–32%, and anastomotic leakage was the most common adverse event. Local recurrence rates ranged from 0% to 12%, 5-year overall survival rates ranged from 62% to 92%, and rates of major incontinence ranged from 0% to 25.8% after an ISR. An ISR is a safe procedure for sphincter-saving rectal surgery in patients with very low rectal cancer; it does not compromise the oncological outcomes of the resection and is a valuable alternative to an abdominoperineal resection. While the functional outcomes after an ISR were found to be acceptable, the long-term functional outcome and quality of life still require careful investigation. ISRs have been performed with surgical and oncologic safety on patients with low-lying rectal cancer. However, patients must be selected very carefully for an ISR, considering the associated functional derangement and the limited extent of the resection.

Clinical Study of Risk Factors of Postpartum Hemorrhage in 345 Cases of Low-lying Placenta / 实用妇产科杂志

Objective:To analyse the risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage in vaginal delivery patients with low-lying placenta.Methods:We retrospectively evaluated the data from January 2014 to December 2015 of 345 cases of vaginal delivery pregnant women with low-lying placenta.According to postpartum hemorrhage,the data were divided into two groups:single factor analysis and multivariate logister regression analysis were used to assess the risk factors.Results:Postpartum hemorrhage in 47 cases,the total rate is 13.6％.Univariate analysis showed that assisted reproductive conception,history of prenatal hemorrhage,placenta from the cervix within the distance ≤ 10 mm,placental adhesions were more prone to postpartum hemorrhage(P ＜ 0.05).Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that assisted reproductive conception (OR =8.181,95％ CI 3.072-21.791) and placental adhesions(OR=6.543,95％ CI 3.107-13.775) were independent risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage.Conclusions:Systematic prenatal care,carefully transvaginal ultrasound examination before labor and evaluation of these risk factors,may be able to provide a better choice of mode of delivery to low-lying placenta patients and predict postpartum hemorrhage risk,thereby reducing its postpartum hemorrhage rate.

Efectos de la mentira en las relaciones de pareja entre jóvenes universitarios heterosexuales * / Effects of the lie on partner relations between heterosexual university youth

Resumen El objetivo fue estudiar el efecto de la mentira en las relaciones de pareja entre universitarios heterosexuales. Es una investigación descriptiva, diseño transversal y muestreo probabilístico. Participaron 503 universitarios, de 16 a 22 años, Media de 3.7 y D.T. de 1.4. Se aplicó el "Cuestionario para el registro de los efectos de situaciones mentirosas en la relación de pareja", diseñado por los autores, previa validación. Los resultados se procesaron mediante el Programa Excel de Office. El análisis estadístico incluyó distribuciones de frecuencia, análisis de correspondencia entre variables y análisis implicativo según el modelo Rasch. Se encontró que el 94% de las mujeres y el 96% de los varones tuvieron experiencias implicadas de mentira y que la intensidad de molestia en las mujeres fue un 19% mayor que en hombres. La conducta inmediata más frecuente fue Reclamar, que se asoció con el efecto de Mejorar y Distanciar; y, Conversar, que se asoció con el efecto de Mejorar la relación. Se concluye que la mentira no tiene efectos destructivos en la relación, siendo probable que contribuya a la construcción de mejores relaciones. Se recomienda continuar con otros estudios garantizando mayor anonimato al responder los instrumentos, para una mayor objetividad.

Abstract The objective was to study the effect of lying on the relationships between heterosexual college students. It is a descriptive research, cross-sectional design and probabilistic sampling. Participated 503 university students, aged 16 to 22, Average of 3.7 and D.T. Of 1.4. The "Questionnaire for the recording of the effects of lying situations in the couple relationship", designed by the authors, was applied after validation. The results were processed using the Office Excel program. Statistical analysis included frequency distributions, correspondence analysis between variables and implied analysis according to the Rasch model. It was found that 94% of the women and 96% of the men had implicit lying experiences and that the intensity of discomfort in the women was 19% higher than in men. The most frequent immediate behavior was Complaint, which was associated with the Enhancing and Distancing effect; And, Chat, which was associated with the Improve relationship effect. It is concluded that the lie has no destructive effects on the relationship, and is likely to contribute to the construction of better relationships. It is recommended to continue with other studies guaranteeing greater anonymity when responding to the instruments, for greater objectivity

Effect of extreme severe heat stress on respiratory rate in unshorn and shorn Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia / Efeito do estresse por calor extremamente intenso sobre a taxa respiratória de carneiros Merino Australiano com lã e tosquiados da Patagônia Norte, Argentina

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of severe extreme thermal stress on the respiratory rate (panting) of unsheared and sheared rams in standing and lying position, and to analyse two temperature-humidity indices (THIs). Six mature Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia, three unshorn and three shorn, were subjected to 40 hours (8 hours each day for five days) of gradual increase in temperature from 25°C to 40°C, guaranteeing 4h daily at 40°C in a heat chamber. Respiratory rate (RR) was registered continuously by counting flank movements, and the ambient air temperature and relative humidity were recorded every five minutes inside the heat chamber. From 1413 RR measurements, descriptive and modelling analyses were performed. Panting as a response variable was distributed into five categories, and fixed effects such as THI, wool (unshorn/shorn), and position (standing/lying) were considered. No significant differences were observed between the panting score in the unshorn (standing or lying) and standing (unshorn or shorn) sheep, but significant differences were observed in shorn and lying rams. The explanations could be that heat production from muscle activity was lower and the transfer and heat lost by conduction to the floor was easier in the rams with shorter fleece (at least 0.7 inches long). However, in the unshorn rams, their wool acted as an insulator, both with air as well as the floor. Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia are heat tolerant to an environment between 31.5°C and 42°C, and 32% to 48% humidity for 40 hours over five days. The rams were in the first phase of panting, and the normal rectal temperatures registered daily when leaving the heat chamber confirmed that regulation of body temperature was possible. The LPHSI's THI was adjusted to improve the analysis of the RR more than the National Research Council's THI.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito do estresse térmico extremamente severo sobre a frequência respiratória (ofego) em carneiros com lã e tosquiados, em pé ou deitados, e analisar dois índices de temperatura e umidade (ITU). Seis carneiros Merino Australiano da Patagônia Norte, três com lã e três tosquiados, foram expostos durante 40 horas a aumento gradual de temperatura de 25 a 40°C (oito horas durante cinco dias), garantindo quatro horas diárias a 40°C em uma câmara de calor. A frequência respiratória foi registrada continuamente mediante a contagem dos movimentos do flanco. A temperatura e a umidade relativa ambiente foram registradas a cada cinco minutos dentro da câmara. A partir de 1.413 frequências respiratórias registradas, uma análise descritiva foi realizada e um modelo calculado. A variável de resposta do ofego foi dividida em cinco categorias e os efeitos fixos considerados foram: ITU, lã (com lã ou tosquiado) e posição (em pé ou deitado). Não se observaram diferenças significativas nas frequências de ofego nos carneiros com lã (em pé ou deitados) nem entre os carneiros em pé (com lã e tosquiados), mas foram observadas diferenças significativas nos carneiros tosquiados deitados. Essas diferenças podem ser atribuídas à perda de calor com o solo, facilitada nos carneiros com mecha mais curta (pelo menos 1,8 cm), e à baixa produção de calor de atividade de músculo. Nos carneiros lanados, a lã atua como isolante tanto com o ar quanto com o solo. Os carneiros Merino Australianos do Norte da Patagônia foram adaptados a temperaturas ambiente entre 31,5 e 42°C e 32 e 48% de umidade durante 40 horas em cinco dias. Os carneiros permaneceram na primeira fase do ofego e as temperaturas retais diárias, que se registraram ao deixar a câmara de calor, permaneceram dentro da normalidade, o que demonstra que eles puderam regular a temperatura corporal. Além disso, foram analisados comparativamente os ajustes à frequência respiratória dos ITUs: LPHSI e National Research Council.(AU)

Evidências de validade de uma escala para ansiedade em situações de mentira / Validity evidence of a scale of anxiety in lying situations / Evidencias de validez de una escala para ansiedad en situaciones de mentiras

Mentir é um ato cotidiano de interação social. As pessoas mentem por todos os tipos de razões, e diferentes emoções são experimentadas nessas situações. Como parte integrante da cultura, a mentira tem recebido grande atenção de pesquisadores nas últimas décadas. No Brasil, esse novo campo de pesquisa tem atraído interesse nos últimos anos. Este estudo foi criado para construir e validar uma medida da ansiedade relacionada ao ato de mentir. Os 44 itens elaborados para representar o constructo foram aplicados a uma amostra de 452 indivíduos. Os dados foram submetidos a análise fatorial exploratória e dois fatores foram obtidos com valores próprios maiores de 1,0. Fator 1: compromissos e negócios (10 itens, α=0,81); fator 2: relacionamentos (10 itens, α=0,82). O instrumento resultante deste estudo para medir esse tipo de ansiedade abre caminhos para possíveis futuras pesquisas nacionais.(AU)

Lying is an everyday act of social interaction. People lie for all sorts of reasons, and different emotions are experimented in these situations. As an integral part of the culture, lying has received a great deal of attention by researchers in the last decades. In Brazil, this new field of research has attracted interest in recent years. This study was set up to construct and validate a measure of the anxiety related to the act of lying. The 44 items elaborated to represent the construct were applied to a sample of 452 individuals. Data were submitted to exploratory factorial analysis and two factors were taken with eigenvalues over 1,0. Factor 1 covered appointments and business (10 items, α=0.81); factor 2 covered relationships (10 items, α=0.82) The method for measuring this kind of anxiety resulting from this study opens possibilities for future national research.(AU)

Mentir es un acto cotidiano de la interacción social. La gente miente por todo tipo de razones y emociones diferentes que se experimentan en estas situaciones. Como parte integral de la cultura, la mentira ha recibido gran atención por parte de los investigadores durante las últimas décadas. En Brasil, este nuevo campo de pesquisa ha despertado el interés en los últimos años. Este estudio se creó para construir y validar una medida de la ansiedad relacionada con el acto de mentir. Los 44 ítems elaborados para representar el constructo se aplicaron a una muestra de 452 personas. Se presentaron datos para un análisis exploratorio factorial y dos factores fueron obtenidos con valores propios mayores que 1,0. El factor 1 cubrió citas y negocios (10 ítems, α=0,81) y el factor 2 cubrió relacionamientos (10 ítems, α=0,82). El método resultante de eso estudio para medir este tipo de ansiedad abre posibilidades para futuras investigaciones nacionales.(AU)

Mentira: Aspectos Sociais e Neurobiológicos / Lying: Social and Neurobiological Aspects

RESUMONo contexto da interação interpessoal, no qual são utilizados recursos comportamentais como gestos, expressões faciais, postura corporal e modulação de voz, destaca-se o fenômeno da mentira, que é caracterizada pela dissimulação de ideias, sentimentos e emoções. No presente trabalho foi realizado um levantamento teórico acerca da mentira, sendo descritos alguns de seus aspectos comportamentais e neurobiológicos e também analisadas as publicações relacionadas ao tema no Brasil. As implicações do uso de técnicas de avaliação da mentira no âmbito judicial, bem como as crenças infundadas utilizadas em julgamentos são discutidas. A revisão identificou poucos estudos sobre a temática no contexto brasileiro, o que indica a necessidade de ampliação desse campo de investigação no país.

ABSTRACTIn the context of interpersonal interaction, in which behavioral features such as gestures, facial expressions, body posture, and voice modulation are used, there is the phenomenon of lying, which is characterized by the dissimulation of ideas, feelings and emotions. This study carried out a theoretical survey about lying, describing some of its behavioral and neurobiological aspects and analyzing the publications on the theme in Brazil. The implications of the use of lie evaluation techniques in legal contexts, as well as the baseless beliefs used in trials are discussed.The literature review revealed a small number of studies on the subject in the Brazilian context, indicating the need of expanding this research field in the country.