ABSTRACT
Objective To conduct bibliometric analysis of the relevant literature in the environmental field published from 1982 to 2018 collected by the Web of Science citation database and further explore the frontier research dynamics and hotspots in the environmental field. Methods The word "oil spill*" was used as the subject term for retrieval. A knowledge map of hotspots in oil spill research was built through software VOSviewer and the clustering relations between them were explored. The frequency and relevance of the keywords in the corresponding literature were obtained by the matrix of keywords built through the Thomson Data Analyzer （TDA） software. Results The four main research hotspots of marine oil spill pollution were oil spill numerical simulation and model prediction, oil spill exposure toxicity and risk assessment, oil spill component and source analysis and oil spill pollution characteristics and treatment. Conclusion The study analyzes the main content of the four research hotspots and the current research progress and provides scientific basis for further understanding of the mechanism of marine oil spill occurrence, migration and transformation, implementation of oil spill treatment and repair as well as more accurate assessment of eco-environment damage.
Subject(s)
Accidents , Bibliometrics , Petroleum Pollution/adverse effects , Risk Assessment , SoftwareABSTRACT
El tiburón martillo (Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758)) es una de las especies de elasmobranquios más utilizada para consumo humano en el Perú. Sin embargo, se desconoce los niveles de mercurio que contiene su carne. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar los niveles de mercurio hallados en el músculo del tiburón martillo y su posible implicancia en la salud humana. Además, determinar si existe una correlación entre el tamaño del tiburón y los niveles de mercurio. Analizamos 27 muestras de músculo de neonatos y juveniles capturados en el norte del Perú. La concentración de mercurio varió entre 0.13 - 0.85 mg kg-1 peso húmedo. Se encontró una relación negativa y significativa entre el tamaño corporal del tiburón y los niveles de mercurio. Este trabajo representa el primer estudio que evalúa los niveles de mercurio de tiburones en el Perú. Si bien los valores hallados fueron menores a lo recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (< 1 mg kg-1), se recomienda ampliar este tipo de estudios en individuos adultos de tiburón, así como en otros recursos hidrobiológicos de consumo humano.
The smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the elasmobranch species most used for human consumption in Peru. However, the level of mercury in hammerhead muscle tissue is unknown. This study assessed the level of mercury found in the muscle of hammerhead sharks and its relation with human health. Moreover, we evaluated the relationship between shark body size and mercury levels. We analyzed 27 muscle samples of neonates and juveniles captured in northern Peru. Mercury concentrations varied between 0.13 and 0.86 mg kg-1 wet weight. Moreover, we found a negative and significant relationship between shark body size and mercury levels. This study represents the first evaluation of mercury levels of sharks in Peru. Although the values found do not exceed levels recommended by the World Health Organization (< 1 mg kg-1), we recommend expanding this study to include other size classes of sharks as well as other marine resources used for human consumption.
ABSTRACT
Objective. Assessment the total concentration of mercury in the liver and feathers of Pelecanus occidentalis of the Cispata bay, Colombia. Materials and methods. Mercury concentrations in liver and feather of Pelecanus occidentalis residents in the Cispata bay - Colombia were evaluated by digestion with an acidic mixture of H2SO4-HNO3 and KMnO4 to eliminate organic matter. The concentration of mercury was determined by the Atomic Absorption - Cold Vapor method (CVAAS). Results. Total mercury levels found in this study were higher in feathers (0.31-9.17 mgHg/kg) than in the liver (0.63-6.29 mgHg/kg), being higher than those reported in other seabirds studies. Conclusions. The high levels of total mercury in feathers and liver can be explained by the feeding habits of the organisms under study, showing the utility of feathers as a potential non-invasive tool for the monitoring of the ecosystem and thereby preventing the sacrifice of specimens.
Objetivo. Evaluar las concentraciones de mercurio total en hígado y plumas de Pelecanus occidentalis de la Bahía de Cispatá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó la concentración de mercurio en hígado y plumas de Pelecanus occidentalis pertenecientes a la bahía de Cispatá - Colombia, por digestión con una mezcla ácida de H2SO4-HNO3 y KMnO4 para eliminar la materia orgánica. La concentración de mercurio fue determinada por el método de Absorción Atómica - Vapor Frio (CVAAS). Resultados. Los valores de mercurio total fueron más altos en plumas (0.31-9.17 mgHg/kg) que en hígado (0.63-6.29 mgHg/kg), siendo mayores a los reportados en otros estudios de aves marinas. Conclusiones. Las altas concentraciones de mercurio total en plumas e hígado pueden ser atribuidas a la dieta de los organismos estudiados; demostrando la utilidad de las plumas como herramienta potencial no invasiva de monitoreo del ecosistema y evitando con ello el sacrificio de los individuos.
Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Chemical Phenomena , Sea Water PollutionABSTRACT
Seabirds play a significant role as bioindicators: they are conspicuous, relatively easy to observe, well-established studied group of organisms, and in the focus of public interest due to pollution in aquatic ecosystem. Systematically, a significant number of man-made chemicals have been introduced in the marine environment and represent the major problem arising in the development worldwide. Many of these chemical contaminants are persistent, known to bioaccumulate and biomagnify through the aquatic food web, affecting species associated with aquatic systems. Dioxins [polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF)] and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) concentrations were measured in Kelp gull Larus dominicanus collected from 2006 to 2011 on Marambaia Island, Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Detectable liver concentrations of PCDD Fs-1 and PCBs were found in all samples analyzed. These represent some of the first measurements of PCDD Fs-1 and PCBs in seabirds from this area. Although levels of these contaminants in the tested species currently appear to fall below critical values, a continuous and systematic monitoring on these compounds becomes essential and desirable to not express toxic values in the future.
Aves marinhas desempenham uma função significativa como bioindicadores: elas são conspícuas, relativamente fáceis de observar, grupos de organismos de estudo bem estabelecidos e no foco de interesse público devido à poluição no ecossistema aquático. Sistematicamente, um número significativo de produtos químicos sintéticos vêm sendo introduzidos no ambiente marinho, representando um dos principais problemas que se coloca no desenvolvimento em todo o mundo. Muitos desses contaminantes químicos são persistentes, conhecidos por bioacumular e biomagnificar através de suas movimentações na cadeia alimentar, afetando espécies associadas aos sistemas aquáticos. Concentrações de dioxinas [dibenzo-p-dioxinas policloradas (PCDD), dibenzofuranos (PCDF)] e bifenilas policloradas (PCB) foram medidas em gaivotões Larus dominicanus coletadas de 2006 a 2011 na Ilha da Marambaia, Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Estes dados representam algumas das primeiras medições de PCDD Fs-1 e PCBs em aves marinhas nesta área estudada. Embora os níveis destes contaminantes na espécie testada apresentarem níveis abaixo dos valores críticos, o monitoramento contínuo, sistemático, torna-se imprescindível e desejável para que estes compostos não expressem no futuro valores tóxicos.
Subject(s)
Dioxins , Environmental Exposure , Sea Water PollutionABSTRACT
Objective To understand the pollution of inshore seawater and shellfish due to hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Liaoning province. Methods HAVRNA in the silted seawater sample and shellfish of sea area of Liaoning province were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results HAVRNA was found in silted seawater samples of Yueyawan,and 5 of 25 shellfish samples. Conclusion The inshore seawater and shellfish in Liaoning province had been polluted by HAV,the sanitary inspection of which should be more strengthened