Restauração transcirúrgica: passo a passo / Transsurgical restoration: step by step

Sabe-se que para uma restauração ser considerada um sucesso clínico é preciso que haja uma concomitância saudável entre a estrutura dentária, o material restaurador e as estruturas biológicas periodontais. As restaurações transcirúrgicas caracterizam-se como procedimentos alternativos para possibilitar a restauração de dentes com cárie dentária extensa, restaurações subgengivais desadaptadas e fraturas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um relato de caso de um procedimento cirúrgico-restaurador, através de uma técnica de restauração transcirúrgica. Este estudo tem como justificativa relatar um caso clínico, colaborando com maiores informações sobre a escolha da técnica a ser empregada, mostrando em quais situações devemos escolher uma restauração transcirúrgica e quais seus benefícios. Também, salientar se devemos fazer a recuperação do espaço biológico do periodonto ou não(AU)

It is known that for a restoration to be considered a clinical success, there must be a healthy concomitance between the tooth structure, the restorative material and the periodontal biological structures. Transsurgical restorations are characterized as alternative procedures to enable the restoration of teeth with extensive dental caries, maladapted subgingival restorations and fractures. The present study aims to carry out a case report of a surgical-restorative procedure, using a transsurgical restoration technique. This study is justified by reporting a clinical case, providing more information on the choice of technique to be used, showing in which situations we should choose a transsurgical restoration and what its benefits are. Also, highlight whether we should recover the biological space of the periodontium or not(AU)

Comparación de la microfiltración apical de cuatro tipos de cementos endodónticos: Endofill, mtaFillapex, Adseal y Roeko Seal / Comparison of the Apical Microleakage of Four Types Of Endodontic Cements: Endofill, mta Fillapex, Adseal and Roeko Seal / Comparação da microinfiltração apical de quatro tipos de cimentos endodônticos: Endofill, mta Fillapex, Adseal e Roeko seal

Introducción: La microfiltración apical es uno de los principales causantes de fracasos endodónticos donde hay invasión de bacterias y líquidos periapicales a la parte interna del conducto radicular y material de relleno. Materiales y Métodos: La muestra estuvo conformada por 60 dientes premolares unirradiculares que fueron seccionados en la unión amelocementaria, la instrumentación biomecánica se realizó con técnica rotatoria e irrigación con hipoclorito de sodio al 5.25% y EDTA 17%, se dividió aleatoriamente en 4 grupos (n=15) para cada tipo de cemento, la obturación se realizó con la técnica de condensación lateral, a nivel coronal se obturó con Ionómero vidrio base y resina, se colocaron en una incubadora a 37° sumergidos en NaCL 0.9% por 5 días hasta el fraguado de los cementos, para observar la microfiltración se utilizó el método filtración de tinta china y la diafanización con la técnica de Robertson. Las medidas de microfiltración apical se observaron utilizando el Estereomicroscopio. Resultados: El valor promedio fue menor para el cemento Adseal 0,33mm, seguido por los cementos Fillapex 0,87mm, Roeko seal 1,00mm y Endofill 1,30mm respectivamente. Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la microfiltración apical de los cuatro cementos endodónticos (p=0.00) Conclusiones: El cemento Adseal presentó menor microfiltración en comparación a los cementos Fillapex, Roeko seal y Endofill.

Introduction: Apical microleakage is one of the main causes of endodontic failure, either due to invasion of microorganisms or periapical fluids into the canal, and only the composition of the type of obturator cement favors its reduction. The objective of this research was to compare the apical microleakage of four types of endodontic cements Endofill, MTA Fillapex, Adseal and Roeko Seal. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 60 single root premolar teeth that were sectioned at the cement- enamel junction, the biomechanical instrumentation was performed with a rotary technique and irrigation with sodium hypochlorite and edta, randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 15) for each type of cement, the obturation was performed with the lateral condensation technique, at the coronal level it was obturated with base glass ionomer and resin, they were placed in an incubator at 37° submerged in NaCL 0.9% for 5 days until setting. of the cements, to observe the microleakage the India ink filtration method was used and diaph-anization with the Robertson technique. Apical microleakage measurements were observed using the Stereomicroscope. Results: The average value was lower for the Adseal 0.33 mm cement, followed by the Fillapex 0.87 mm, Roeko Seal 1.00 mm and Endofill 1.30 mm cements respectively. There were sta-tistically significant differences in the apical microleakage of the four endodontic cements (p = 0.00) Conclusions: Adseal cement presented less microfiltration compared to Fillapex, Roeko Seal and Endofill cements

Introdução: a microinfiltração apical é uma das principais causas de falhas endodônticas onde há inva-são de microrganismos e líquidos periapicais ao interior do conducto e só a composição do tipo de cimento obturador favorece sua disminuição. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar a microinfiltração apical de quatro tipos de cimentos endodônticos Endofill, MTA Fillapex, Adseal e Roeko Seal. Materiais e métodos: a amostra foi composta por 60 dentes pré-molares uniradiculares que foram seccionados na junção amelocementária. A instrumentação biomecânica foi realizada com técnica rotatória e irrigação com hipoclorito e edta, sendo dividida aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n = 15) para cada tipo de cimento. A obturação foi realizada pela técnica de condensação lateral, no nível coronal foi obturado com base de ionômero de vidro e resina, foram colocados em incubadora a 37° submersos em NaCl 0,9% por 5 dias até a pega dos cimentos. Para observar a microfiltração utilizou-se o método de filtração em tinta nan-quim e diafanização pela técnica de Robertson. As medidas de microinfiltração apical foram observadas utilizando o estereomicroscópio. Resultados: o valor médio foi menor para o cimento Adseal (0,33 mm), seguido pelos cimentos Fillapex (0,87 mm), Roeko Seal (1,00 mm) e Endofill (1,30 mm), respectivamente. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas na microinfiltração apical dos quatro cimentos endo-dônticos (p = 0,00). Conclusões: o cimento Adseal apresentou menor microinfiltração comparado aos cimentos Fillapex, Roeko seal e Endofill.

Methods for Identifying Seeds of Chinese Medicinal Materials： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Seeds are the source for the production of Chinese medicinal materials. The seed authenticity and quality of directly affect the effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicinal materials. The seed quality is faced with the problems such as mixed sources， existence of adulterants and seeds stocked for years， low maturity， and low purity. To ensure the high-quality and sustainable development of the Chinese medicinal material industry， it is urgent to standardize the seed market and identify and evaluate the quality of the seeds circulating in the market. Seed identification methods include visual inspection， microscopic observation， micro-character identification， chemical fingerprinting， molecular identification， electronic nose， X-ray diffraction， electrochemical fingerprinting， spectral imaging， and artificial intelligence. These methods have different application scopes and unique advantages and disadvantages. According to the different species of Chinese herbal medicines and different requirements of testing sites， suitable methods can be selected to achieve rapid and accurate identification with low costs. In the future， the seed identification methods should be developed based on emerging technologies with interdisciplinary knowledge， and intelligent， nondestructive， and single-grain detection methods are needed for the modern Chinese medicinal material industry. This paper introduces the seed identification technologies currently applied in research and production， compares the principles， applicability， advantages， and disadvantages of different technologies， and provides an outlook on the future development of seed identification technologies， aiming to provide a reference for the identification and quality evaluation of seeds of Chinese medicinal material.

Research progress on dental materials for preventing root caries / 口腔疾病防治

@#The high incidence and untreated rate of root caries, a common and frequently occurring oral disease with challenging treatment in elderly individuals, is the main cause of tooth loss among elderly people, as rapid development results in pulpitis and periapical periodontitis or residual crown and root, which has been regarded as one of the common chronic oral diseases seriously affecting the quality of life of elderly people. Thus, early intervention and prevention are important. Traditional dental materials for preventing root caries have been widely used in clinical practice; however, they have the disadvantages of tooth coloring, remineralization and low sterilization efficiency. A series of new dental materials for preventing root caries have gradually become a research hotspot recently, which have the advantages of promoting the mineralization of deep dental tissue, prolonging the action time and enhancing adhesion. Future caries prevention materials should be designed according to the characteristics of root surface caries and the application population and should be developed toward simplicity, high efficiency and low toxicity. This review describes current research regarding anti-caries prevention material application, serving as a theoretical underpinning for the research of root caries prevention materials, which is important for both promotion in the effective prevention of root caries and improvement in the status of oral health and the quality of life among old people.

Culture of rabbit corneal stromal cells on thermo-sensitive materials by the radiation polymerization / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the synthesis of thermo-sensitive poly N-isopropylacry-lamide(PNIPAAm)and the petri dish grafted with PNIPAAm hydrogels by the electron accelerator, as well as the growth conditions and the biological characteristics of rabbit corneal stromal cells on thermo-sensitive PNIPAAm hydrogels, and the cell sheets obtained from the PNIPAAm hydrogels.METHODS: NIPAAm monomer was dissolved in 2-propanol at concentrations of 55% with 0.5% N,N'-Methylenebisacry-lamide(MBA). Solution(70 μL)was added and spread uniformly over 35 mm petri dish. These dishes were immediately subjected to irradiation. After follow-up treatment, rabbit corneal stromal cells were cultured on thermo-sensitive petri dish in vitro.RESULTS: According to the monomer formula and radiation synthesis scheme in this experiment, PNIPAAm can be synthesized on the surface of the petri dish. Rabbit corneal stromal cells grew well in the thermo- sensitive surface and can be separated into sheets.CONCLUSION: The single and multilayer carrier-free cell sheets can be obtained from the use of thermo-sensitive petri dish.

Comparative in vitro analysis of the antifungal activity of different calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers

Aim: This study aimed to perform an in vitro comparative analysis of the antifungal activity of different calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers against three fungal species. Methods: The antifungal properties of three calcium silicate-based sealers were tested: Bio-C Sealer, Cambiar a Sealer Plus BC, and MTA-Fillapex. Two commonly used sealers were used as controls: AH Plus and Endomethasone. An agar diffusion test was performed to analyze the antifungal activity of the sealers against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and a mixed microbial culture medium. The results were analyzed using ANOVA (p <0.05). Results: Endomethasone exhibited the highest inhibition against all strains examined, maintaining a consistent level of inhibition throughout 7 days. MTA-Fillapex demonstrated the best performance among the calcium silicate-based sealers for the three fungal species (p < 0.05), maintaining stable values over the 7 days, surpassing that of Endomethasone. Nevertheless, MTA-Fillapex only exhibited antimicrobial effect against the mixed culture for the first 24 hours, and no antimicrobial activity was observed at 48 hours, being surpassed by all tested sealers (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Of all silicate-based sealers tested, only MTA-Fillapex exhibited promising antifungal activity. Nevertheless, care must be taken when extrapolating these results, as MTA-Fillapex exhibited poor antimicrobial activity when tested in mixed microbial cultures

Validação do conteúdo de um recurso audiovisual para pessoas vivendo com HIV / Validación del contenido de un recurso audiovisual para personas que viven con el VIH / Content validation of an audiovisual resource for people living with HIV

Resumo Objetivo Validar o conteúdo do roteiro de um recurso audiovisual para pessoas vivendo com HIV. Métodos Estudo metodológico com abordagem quantitativa, norteado pelo referencial teórico metodológico da psicometria. A validação de conteúdo foi realizada por juízes especialistas na área temática usando a técnica Delphi. A amostra foi composta por 22 juízes na primeira análise de validação e sete juízes na segunda análise. Resultados Todos domínios analisados apresentaram coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC) >0,80, com CVC total (CVCt) de 0,96, consistência interna quase perfeita, Alfa de Cronbach de 0,988, ICC de 0,982 [IC95% 0,969-0,991] e p<0,005 significativo na primeira rodada de avaliação dos especialistas. Na segunda análise, os critérios usados para validação de conteúdo apresentaram CVCt de 0,97, com os critérios de objetividade, simplicidade, clareza, relevância, precisão, variedade, credibilidade e equilíbrio, atingindo 100% de aprovação. Conclusão O roteiro foi validado quanto ao conteúdo, mostrando ser um instrumento representativo e pertinente para construção do recurso audiovisual. Ele contribui para o avanço do conhecimento científico pois apresenta resultados com rigor metodológico, com inovações no campo da educação em saúde para pessoas vivendo com HIV.

Resumen Objetivo Validar el contenido del guion de un recurso audiovisual para personas que viven con el VIH Métodos Estudio metodológico con enfoque cuantitativo, norteado por el marco referencial teórico metodológico de la psicometría. La validación de contenido fue realizada por jueces especialistas en el área temática mediante el uso del método Delphi. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 22 jueces en el primer análisis de validación y siete jueces en el segundo análisis. Resultados Todos los dominios analizados presentaron coeficiente de validez de contenido (CVC) >0,80, con un CVC total (CVCt) de 0,96, consistencia interna casi perfecta, Alfa de Cronbach de 0,988, ICC de 0,982 [IC95 % 0,969-0,991] y p<0,005 significativo en la primera ronda de evaluación de los especialistas. En el segundo análisis, los criterios usados para la validación de contenido presentaron un CVCt de 0,97, con los criterios de objetividad, simplicidad, claridad, relevancia, precisión, variedad, credibilidad y equilibrio, con un 100 % de aprobación. Conclusión Se validó el guion en cuanto al contenido, lo que demuestra que es un instrumento representativo y pertinente para la elaboración del recurso audiovisual. Contribuye al avance del conocimiento científico ya que presenta resultados con rigor metodológico, con innovaciones en el campo de la educación para la salud para personas que viven con el VIH.

Abstract Objective The study aimed to validate the script content of an audiovisual resource for people living with HIV. Methods This methodological study had a quantitative approach and was guided by the methodological theoretical framework of psychometrics. Content validation was performed by expert judges in the thematic area using the Delphi technique. The sample consisted of 22 judges in the first validation analysis and seven judges in the second analysis. Results All domains analyzed had a content validity coefficient (CVC) >0.80, with a total CVC (CVCt) of 0.96, almost perfect internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha of 0.988, ICC of 0.982 [95%CI 0.969-0.991], and p<0.005 which was significant in the first round of expert evaluation. In the second analysis, the criteria used for content validation showed a CVCt of 0.97, with the criteria of objectivity, simplicity, clarity, relevance, accuracy, variety, credibility, and balance achieving 100% approval. Conclusion The script was validated in terms of content, showing to be a representative and relevant instrument for building the audiovisual resource. It contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge as it presents results with methodological accuracy and innovations in the field of health education for people living with HIV.

Effect of pH on the solubility and volumetric change of ready-to-use Bio-C Repair bioceramic material

Abstract Acidic pH can modify the properties of repair cements. In this study, volumetric change and solubility of the ready-to-use bioceramic repair cement Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) were evaluated after immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.0) or butyric acid (pH 4.5). Solubility was determined by the difference in initial and final mass using polyethylene tubes measuring 4 mm high and 6.70 mm in internal diameter that were filled with BCR and immersed in 7.5 mL of PBS or butyric acid for 7 days. The volumetric change was established by using bovine dentin tubes measuring 4 mm long with an internal diameter of 1.5 mm. The dentin tubes were filled with BCR at 37°C for 24 hours. Scanning was performed with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT; SkyScan 1176, Bruker, Kontich, Belgium) with a voxel size of 8.74 µm. Then, the specimens were immersed in 1.5 mL of PBS or butyric acid at and 37 °C for 7 days. After this period, a new micro-CT scan was performed. Bio-C Repair showed greater mass loss after immersion in butyric acid when compared with immersion in PBS (p<0.05). Bio-C Repair showed volumetric loss after immersion in butyric acid and increase in volume after immersion in PBS (p<0.05). The acidic pH influenced the solubility and dimensional stability of the Bio-C Repair bioceramic cement, promoting a higher percentage of solubility and decrease in volumetric values.

Research interest on dental sealant in dentistry based on the 100 most cited articles: bibliometric analysis

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the characteristics of the 100 most cited articles about dental sealants (DS) in dentistry. In September 2023, a search was performed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS-CC) database. The following information was extracted from each article: number and density of citations, year of publication, authorship, journal, impact factor, keywords, study design, theme, continent, country, and institution. The citations of the WoS-CC were compared with those of the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The VOSviewer software was used to generate collaborative networks. The number of citations ranged from 33 to 205. The articles were published between 1961 and 2016. Buonocore MG (7%) was the most prominent author among the most cited. The Journal of the American Dental Association was the most frequent journal (25%) and Journal of Dental Research (7.6) had the highest impact factor. Most studies had interventional (41%) and laboratory (31%) designs, mainly addressing DS effectiveness in the prevention and control of dental caries (86%). There was a predominance of publications from North America (46%) and the USA was the country with the highest number of articles (44%). The most frequent institutions were the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) and the University of Rochester (USA) (6% each). "Retention" was the most frequent keyword. In conclusion, the 100 most cited articles were mostly interventional and laboratory studies, addressing the retention and efficacy of DS. Most of the articles were concentrated in North America and Europe, demonstrating a little collaboration from other continents.

Objeto de aprendizaje para el estudio de la asignatura Sistemas nervioso, endocrino y reproductor

Fundamento: los objetos de aprendizaje han generado una nueva forma de pensar acerca del contenido, y se han convertido en un recurso con entidad propia, susceptible de ser reutilizado. Objetivo: diseñar un objeto de aprendizaje para el tema Defectos congénitos del sistema nervioso, relacionados con la Embriología, dentro de los contenidos de la asignatura Sistema Nervioso, Endocrino y Reproductor. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Manzanillo "Celia Sánchez Manduley", en el período noviembre 2021 a diciembre 2022. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo e histórico-lógico; empírico: análisis de documentos que norman el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la Embriología, encuestas y criterio de expertos, y métodos estadísticos para el análisis de los datos encontrados. Resultados: se conformó un objeto de aprendizaje para la didáctica especial del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de los contenidos de Embriología en la asignatura Sistemas Nervioso Endocrino y Reproductor. En su diseño se utilizó el Modelo ADDIE compuesto por 5 fases: análisis, diseño, desarrollo, implementación y evaluación. Se emplearon materiales en diversos formatos, PDF, word, presentaciones digitales y videos; se realizaron enlaces a materiales complementarios y se confeccionó una galería de imágenes sobre defectos congénitos. Conclusiones: fue evaluado satisfactoriamente por criterio de expertos por su coherencia didáctica y calidad de los contenidos; permite incentivar la motivación, la usabilidad y la reusabilidad.

Background: learning objects have generated a new way of thinking about content, and have become a resource with its own entity, capable of being reused. Objective: design a learning object for the topic congenital defects of the nervous system, related to Embryology, within the contents of the subject Nervous, Endocrine and Reproductive System. Methods: a technological development investigation was carried out at the "Celia Sánchez Manduley" Faculty of Medical Sciences of Manzanillo, from November 2021 to December 2022. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive and historical-logical; empirical ones: analysis of documents that regulate the teaching-learning process of Embryology, surveys and expert criteria, and statistical methods for the analysis of the data found. Results: a learning object was formed for the special didactics of the teaching-learning process of the contents of Embryology in the subject Endocrine and Reproductive Nervous Systems. In its design, the ADDIE Model was used, composed of 5 phases: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. Materials were used in various formats, PDF, Word, digital presentations and videos; Links were made to complementary materials and an image gallery on congenital defects was created. Conclusions: it was satisfactorily evaluated by expert criteria for its didactic coherence and quality of the contents; it allows you to encourage motivation, usability and reusability.

Estabilidad dimensional de hidrocoloides irreversibles de vaciado convencional y de vaciado de tiempo extendido disponibles en el mercado uruguayo

Objetivo. Comparar la estabilidad dimensional de un hidrocoloide irreversible de vaciado convencional con hidrocoloides irreversibles de vaciado extendido. Metodología. Fueron evaluados cuatro productos con indicación de vaciado extendido: Jeltrate Plus (Denstply Sirona), Hydrogum 5 (Zhermack SpA), Algimax (Major), Kromopan (Lascod) y un producto de vaciado convencional (Tropicalgin; Zhermack SpA). Con cada producto se realizaron 10 impresiones y se vaciaron en yeso tipo III en cinco tiempos de almacenamiento diferentes (0, 24, 96, 120 y 168 horas). Un escáner para modelos tridimensionales se utilizó para digitalizar los modelos de yeso y realizar las mediciones correspondientes: sumatoria de las longitudes, variabilidad dimensional, porcentaje de variabilidad. Resultados. Las cinco marcas comerciales presentaron una sumatoria de longitudes mayor al grupo control (p<0,033). A las 0, 24 y 96h Tropicalgin e Hydrogum 5 presentaron significativamente menor variación dimensional en comparación con el modelo maestro (p<0,001). Los porcentajes de variabilidad oscilaron entre un 0.24 a 0.91%. Conclusiones. La estabilidad dimensional depende del producto utilizado. Almacenado correctamente, el hidrocoloide irreversible de vaciado convencional parece no sufrir alteraciones significativas hasta 96h, mientras que en el caso de Hydrogum 5 parece mantener su estabilidad dimensional hasta 168h.

Objetivo. Comparar a estabilidade dimensional de um hidrocolóide irreversível de vazamento convencional com hidrocolóides irreversíveis de vazamento prolongado. Metodologia. Foram avaliados quatro produtos com indicação de vazamento estendido: Jeltrate Plus (Denstply Sirona), Hydrogum 5 (Zhermack SpA), Algimax (Major), Kromopan (Lascod) e um produto de vaziamento convencional (Tropicalgin; Zhermack SpA). Para cada produto foram feitas 10 impressões e vazadas em gesso tipo III em cinco tempos de armazenamento diferentes (0, 24, 96, 120 e 168 horas). Um scanner de modelos tridimensionais foi utilizado para digitalizar os modelos de gesso e fazer as medições correspondentes: soma dos comprimentos, variabilidade dimensional, percentagem de variabilidade. Resultados. As cinco marcas comerciais apresentaram somatório de comprimentos maior que o grupo controle (p<0,033). Nos tempos 0, 24 e 96h Tropicalgin e Hydrogum 5 apresentaram variação dimensional significativamente menor em comparação ao modelo Mestre (p<0,001). Os percentuais de variabilidade variaram de 0,24 a 0,91%. Conclusões. A estabilidade dimensional depende do produto utilizado. Armazenado corretamente, o hidrocolóide irreversível de vaziamento convencional convencionalmente parece não sofrer alterações significativas até 96h, enquanto no caso do Hydrogum 5 parece manter sua estabilidade dimensional até 168h.

Aim . Compare the dimensional stability of a conventional pouring irreversible hydrocolloid with extended pouring irreversible hydrocolloids. Methodology. Four products with extended emptying indication were evaluated: Jeltrate Plus (Denstply Sirona), Hydrogum 5 (Zhermack SpA), Algimax (Major), Kromopan (Lascod) and a conventional emptying product (Tropicalgin; Zhermack SpA). For each product, 10 impressions were made and cast in type III plaster at five different storage times (0, 24, 96, 120 and 168 hours). A three-dimensional model scanner was used to digitize the plaster models and make the corresponding measurements: sum of lengths, dimensional variability, percentage of variability. Results . The five commercial brands presented a greater sum of lengths than the control group (p<0,033). At 0, 24 and 96h Tropicalgin and Hydrogum 5 presented significantly less dimensional variation compared to the master model (p<0,001). The variability percentages ranged from 0.24 to 0.91%. Conclusions. Dimensional stability depends on the product used. Stored correctly, the conventionally cast irreversible hydrocolloid appears not to undergo significant alterations up to 96h, while in the case of Hydrogum 5 it appears to maintain its dimensional stability up to 168h.

Materiais Acessíveis para o Ensino de Matemática para Educandos com deficiência visual: uma revisão de literatura / Accessible Materials for Mathematics Teaching for Visual Impairment Students: a Literature Review

RESUMO: Mesmo com o grande avanço em relação à inclusão de educandos Público da Educação Especial (PEE) em classes comuns, sobretudo a partir do ano de 2000, ainda há barreiras que dificultam a permanência desses educandos em ambientes de aprendizagem, como a falta de formação de professores e de materiais condizentes às suas reais necessidades. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo reunir e sistematizar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, materiais acessíveis de Matemática para educandos com deficiência visual, a fim de auxiliar educadores no preparo de aulas mais acessíveis a esse público. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o auxílio do software Iramuteq. Ao todo foram encontrados 26 trabalhos, entre artigos, teses e dissertações produzidos entre 2012 e 2022, que desenvolveram e aplicaram materiais acessíveis à educandos com deficiência visual na Educação Básica. Os resultados apontam que, além da baixa produção de materiais nos últimos anos, os trabalhos se concentram nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e no Ensino Médio, e os tópicos mais abordados referem-se às unidades temáticas de Geometria e Álgebra. Identificou-se, assim, um déficit de materiais para a Educação Infantil e para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, além da pouca produção para outras unidades temáticas da Matemática.

ABSTRACT: Even with advances related to the inclusion of the Target Group of Learners of Special Education in common classes, especially since 2000, there are still barriers that make the permanence of these students in learning environments difficult, such as the lack of teacher training and materials suited to their real needs. In this regard, this research aimed to gather and systematize, through a literature review, accessible Mathematics materials for students with visual impairments, in order to assist educators in preparing classes that are more accessible to this audience. Data analysis was performed using the Iramuteq software. In total, 26 works were found, including articles, Ph.D. dissertations and Master's thesis produced between 2012 and 2022, that developed and applied accessible materials to students with visual impairments in Basic Education. The results point out that, in addition to the low production of materials over the past years, the pieces of work are focused on the final grades of Elementary School and High School, and the most covered topics refer to the thematic units of Geometry and Algebra. Thus, a deficit of materials for Early Childhood Education and the initial grades of Elementary Education was identified, in addition to the little production for other Mathematics thematic units.

Corneal reshaping: an experiment with a type I collagen-based vitrigel for remodeling porcine corneas / Remodelamento corneano: relato de um experimento com um vitrigel a base de colágeno tipo I para remodelamento de córneas porcinas

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to report an experiment designed to determine anatomical changes in porcine corneas following placement of a novel polymer implant into the cornea. Methods: An ex vivo porcine eye model was used. A novel type I collagen-based vitrigel implant (6 mm in diameter) was shaped with an excimer laser on the posterior surface to create three planoconcave shapes. Implants were inserted into a manually dissected stromal pocket at a depth of approximately 200 μm. Three treatment groups were defined: group A (n=3), maximal ablation depth 70 μm; Group B (n=3), maximal ablation depth 64 μm; and group C (n=3), maximal ablation depth 104 μm, with a central hole. A control group (D, n=3) was included, in which a stromal pocket was created but biomaterial was not inserted. Eyes were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and corneal tomography. Results: Corneal tomography showed a trend for a decreased mean keratometry in all four groups. Optical coherence tomography showed corneas with implants placed within the anterior stroma and visible flattening, whereas the corneas in the control group did not qualitatively change shape. Conclusions: The novel planoconcave biomaterial implant described herein could reshape the cornea in an ex vivo model, resulting in the flattening of the cornea. Further studies are needed using in vivo animal models to confirm such findings.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um experimento projetado para determinar alterações anatômicas em córneas porcinas após a colocação de um novo implante de polímero na córnea. Métodos: Foi utilizado olho de porco ex vivo. Um novo agente modelador biocompatível, de colágeno tipo 1, com 6mm de diâmetro foi moldado com excimer laser em sua face posterior, para criar três formatos planocôncavos. Os implantes foram inseridos dentro de um bolsão, dissecado manualmente, a 200 micrômetros (μm). Foram definidos três grupos de tratamento: grupo A (n=3), teve a profundidade máxima de ablação de 70 μm; o grupo B (n=3), profundidade máxima de ablação de 64 μm; e o grupo C (n=3), profundidade máxima de ablação de 104 μm, com buraco central. O grupo controle, D (n=3), foi incluído, com a criação do bolsão estromal, porém sem inserir o material. A avaliação desses olhos foi realizada por tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) e por tomografia corneana. Resultados: A tomografia corneana mostrou uma tendência para diminuição da ceratometria média em todos os 4 grupos. A tomografia de coerência óptica mostrou córneas com implantes localizados no estroma anterior e aplanamento visível, enquanto as córneas não mudaram qualitativamente o formato no grupo controle. Conclusões: O novo implante de biomaterial planocôncavo descrito aqui foi capaz de remodelar a córnea em modelo de animal ex vivo, resultando no aplanamento corneano. Novos estudos são necessários usando modelos animais in vivo para confirmar tais achados.

Cytotoxicity evaluation, antibacterial effect, and degree of conversion of QAM-containing adhesives

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of adding quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) to experimental adhesives by assessing the degree of conversion (DC), cytotoxicity against keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and antibacterial activity against biofilm formation. Two QAMs were added to an experimental adhesive: dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate bromododecane (DMADDM) or dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate bromohexadecane (DMAHDM) at three concentrations each: 1, 2.5, and 5 wt.%. Experimental adhesive without QAMs (control group) and commercially available Transbond XT Primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, California, USA) were used for comparisons. The adhesives were tested for DC, cytotoxicity against keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and antibacterial activity against biofilm formation. DC, cytotoxicity against fibroblasts, and antibacterial activity were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons. Cytotoxicity against keratinocytes was evaluated using the Kruskal Wallis and Dunn's post-hoc (α = 5%) tests. Transbond showed lower DC as compared to 5% DMAHDM, 1% DMADDM, and 5% DMADDM (p < 0.05). However, all groups presented proper DC when compared to commercial adhesives in the literature. In the evaluation of cytotoxicity against keratinocytes, Transbond induced higher viability than 2.5 wt.% groups (p < 0.05). Against fibroblasts, Transbond induced higher viability as compared to 5 wt.% groups (p < 0.05). DMAHDM at 5 wt.% reduced biofilm formation when compared to all the other groups (p < 0.05). Despite their cytotoxic effect against keratinocytes, gingival fibroblasts showed higher viability. DMAHDM at 5 wt.% decreased Streptococcus mutans viability. The incorporation of DMAHDM at 5 wt.% may be a strategy for reducing the development of white spot lesions.

Analysis of color stability and degree of conversion of different types of resin composites

Abstract Resin composites containing surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) have been introduced to reduce demineralization and improve remineralization of the tooth structure. However, water diffusion within the material is necessary for its action, which can impair its overall physicomechanical properties over time, including color stability. This study aimed to evaluate the color stability and related degree of conversion (DC) of four resin composites. Discs (6 x 4 mm, n = 5/group) of microhybrid (MH), nanofilled (NF), nanohybrid (NH), and S-PRG-based nanohybrid (S-PRG-NH) composites with two opacities (A2/A2E and A2O/A2D) were prepared. Color (CIELab and CIEDE2000) was evaluated with a spectrophotometer after aging in grape juice (2 x 10 min/10mL/7days). The DC was analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy before and after light-curing. Data were statistically analyzed by using two-way analysis of variance and post-hoc least significant difference tests (p<0.05). In the color stability analysis, the interaction between filler type and opacity was significant (CIELab, p = 0.0015; CIEDE2000, p = 0.0026). NH presented the highest color stability, which did not differ from that of MH. The greatest color alteration was observed for S-PRG-NH. S-PRG fillers also influenced DC (p < 0.05). The nanohybrid resin composite presented favorable overall performance, which is likely related to its more stable organic content. Notwithstanding the benefits of using S-PRG-based nanohybrid resins, mostly in aesthetic procedures, professionals should consider the susceptibility of such resins to color alteration, probably due to the water-based bioactive mechanism of action.

Enfrentamento de epidemias de ISTs em população jovem: caracterização da linguagem dos materiais educativos / Responding to STI epidemics among young people: a characterization of the language employed in educational materials

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é caracterizar a linguagem utilizada nos materiais educativos e comunicacionais vinculados à temática das IST, do HIV/Aids e hepatites virais produzidos e veiculados pelo Ministério da Saúde no período de 2010 a 2019, identificando elementos de promoção à saúde e de prevenção de doenças. Metodologia descritiva exploratória para a caracterização da linguagem utilizada nos materiais educativos e comunicacionais sobre as IST, do HIV/Aids e hepatites virais. Para a seleção dos materiais educativos, adotou-se a estratégia de busca sistemática realizada no site do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil por um período de dez anos: de 2010 a 2019. Os materiais foram observados por meio dos enfoques educativos. O enfoque preventivo foi identificado em 100% dos materiais analisados (201). O enfoque educativo foi encontrado em 24,87% (50) dos materiais, e o enfoque de desenvolvimento pessoal foi encontrado em 7,96% (16). Os enfoques radical e da educação popular em saúde não foram observados. A atenção quase exclusiva ao enfoque preventivo revela que cuidados individuais isoladamente não são suficientes para combater e sanar o problema das IST, do HIV/Aids e das hepatites virais no Brasil.

Abstract This article aims to characterize the language employed in educational and communications materials about STIs, HIV/AIDS and viral hepatitis produced by the Ministry of Health between 2010 and 2019, identifying elements related to health promotion and disease prevention. We conducted an exploratory descriptive study. The materials were selected by performing a systematic search of the Ministry of Health website focusing on the period 2010-2019. The materials were analyzed to determine the educational approaches adopted. The preventive, educational and personal development approaches were identified in 100% (201), 24.87% (50) and 7.96% (16) of the materials, respectively. The radical and popular education for health approaches were not observed. The almost exclusive focus on the preventive approach reveals that promoting changes in individual habits and behavior alone is not sufficient to combat and solve the problem of STIs, HIV/AIDS and viral hepatitis in Brazil.

Effect of Ceramic Thickness on the Bond Strength to Resin-Luting Agents before and after Thermal Cycling

Abstract This study investigated microshear bond strength (µSBS) of two (2) dual-cured resin-luting agents (RelyX™ Ultimate and RelyX™ U200) when photoactivated through varying thicknesses of lithium disilicate, with or without thermal cycling. Discs of IPS e.max Press of 0.5, 1.5, and 2 mm in thickness were obtained. Elastomer molds (3.0 mm in thickness) with four cylinder-shaped orifices 1.0 mm in diameter, were placed onto the ceramic surfaces and filled with resin-luting agents. A Mylar strip, glass plate, and load of 250 grams were placed over the filled mold. The load was removed and the resin-luting agents were photoactivated through the ceramics using a single-peak LED (Radii Plus.) All samples were stored in distilled water at 37oC for 24 h. Half of the samples were subjected to thermal cycling (3,000 cycles; 5ºC and 55ºC). All samples were then submitted to µSBS test using a universal testing machine (Instron 4411) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were submitted to three-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (α=0.05). The mean µSBS at 24 h was significantly higher than after thermal cycling (p<0.05). No statistical difference was found between resin-luting agents (p > 0.05). The mean µSBS for groups photoactivated through 0.5 mm ceramic were significantly higher than 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm (p < 0.05). In conclusion, increased ceramic thicknesses reduced the bond strength of tested resin-luting agents to lithium disilicate. No differences were found between resin-luting agents. Thermal cycling reduced the bond strength of both resin-luting agents.

Resumo: Este estudo investigou a resistência de união ao microcisalhamento (RUµC) de dois (2) agentes de cimentação de resina dual (RelyX™ Ultimate e RelyX™ U200) quando fotoativados através de diferentes espessuras de dissilicato de lítio, com ou sem ciclagem térmica. Discos do IPS e.max Press de 0,5, 1,5 e 2 mm de espessura foram obtidos. Moldes de elastômero (3,0 mm de espessura) com quatro orifícios cilíndricos de 1,0 mm de diâmetro foram colocados sobre as superfícies cerâmicas e preenchidos com agentes de cimentação de resina. Uma tira Mylar, placa de vidro e carga de 250 gramas foram colocadas sobre o molde preenchido. A carga foi removida e os agentes de cimentação resinosos foram fotoativados através da cerâmica usando um LED de pico-único (Radii Plus). Todas as amostras foram armazenadas em água deionizada a 37oC por 24 h. Metade das amostras foi submetida a ciclagem térmica (3.000 ciclos; 5ºC e 55ºC). Todas as amostras foram então submetidas ao teste de RUµC usando uma máquina de teste universal (Instron 4411) com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância três fatores e ao teste post-hoc de Tukey (α = 0,05). A média de RUµC em 24 h foi significativamente maior do que após a ciclagem térmica (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença estatística entre os cimentos resinosos (p > 0,05). As médias de RUµC para grupos fotoativados através de cerâmica de 0,5 mm foram significativamente maiores do que 1,5 mm e 2,0 mm (p < 0,05). Em conclusão, o aumento da espessura da cerâmica reduziu a resistência de união dos agentes de cimentação resinosos ao dissilicato de lítio. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os agentes de cimentação resinosos. A ciclagem térmica reduziu a resistência de união de ambos os agentes de cimentação resinosos.

Clinical longevity of metallic versus fiberglass intraradicular posts: a systematic review / Longevidade clínica de pinos intraradiculares metálicos versus de fibra de vidro: uma revisão sistemática

Objective: This systematic review aims to compare the clinical longevity of metallic and fiberglass intraradicular posts in teeth with severely compromised crowns, utilizing randomized clinical trials and case reports published in the last eleven years. Material and Methods: The research was conducted on PubMed, Medline, Lilacs, and BBO databases using the first search strategy with the descriptors 'dental posts,' 'longevity,' 'fiberglass-reinforced posts' or 'metallic posts.' The second search strategy involved analyzing the references of articles identified by the first search. Both studies were carried out with stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: No statistically significant and clinically relevant differences in longevity were observed between metallic and fiberglass posts. Conclusion: The clinical success and durability of the restorative procedure using intraradicular posts primarily depend on the remaining amount around the post (ferrule), the type and position of the tooth in the arch (impacting the masticatory forces exerted on the restored tooth), and the correct application of the cementation technique. It is noteworthy that fiberglass posts offer substantial advantages by presenting a modulus of elasticity similar to dental structure, ensuring a more homogeneous distribution of masticatory forces and reducing the risk of fractures. These findings have practical implications for material selection in restorative procedures involving intraradicular posts.(AU)

Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática visa comparar a longevidade clínica de pinos intrarradiculares metálicos e de fibra de vidro em dentes com coroas severamente comprometidas, através de estudos clínicos randomizados e relatos de casos, publicados nos últimos onze anos. Material e Métodos: A pesquisa foi conduzida nas bases de dados PubMed, Medline, Lilacs e BBO, utilizando a primeira estratégia de busca com os s 'pinos dentais' e 'longevidade' e 'pinos reforçados com fibra de vidro' ou 'pinos metálicos'. A segunda estratégia de busca consistiu na análise das referências dos artigos identificados pela primeira estratégia. Ambos os estudos foram delineados com critérios rigorosos de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: Não se constataram diferenças estatisticamente significativas e clinicamente relevantes na longevidade entre pinos metálicos e de fibra de vidro. Conclusão: O êxito clínico e a durabilidade do procedimento restaurador empregando pinos intrarradiculares dependem primordialmente da quantidade de remanescente ao redor do pino (férula), do tipo e posição do dente na arcada (o que impacta nas forças mastigatórias exercidas sobre o dente restaurado) e da aplicação correta da técnica de cimentação.Destaca-se que o pino de fibra de vidro oferece vantagens substanciais ao apresentar módulo de elasticidade similar à estrutura dentária, assegurando uma distribuição mais homogênea das forças mastigatórias e reduzindo o risco de fraturas (AU)

Redacción de artículos científicos en el contexto universal de plataformas en acceso abierto / Writing scientific articles in the universal context of open access platforms

Es necesario profundizar en la investigación pedagógica en las ciencias médicas, a fin de que las publicaciones compilen evidencias científicas y experiencias derivadas del ejercicio docente para crear una didáctica particular que perfeccione el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje y siente las bases para el posterior desarrollo de los métodos de trabajo en las profesiones en salud. Es propósito de estos autores comunicar sobre la conformación de un manual de redacción, en cuyas páginas encontrarán los interesados en incursionar en el cambiante mundo de las publicaciones, una guía metodológica detallada que les permitirá mejorar su desempeño durante el proceso de construcción y envío de sus artículos a través de las plataformas de revistas en acceso abierto; además, alerta sobre la ética en la publicación científica y el riesgo de publicar en revistas depredadoras y secuestradoras.

It is necessary to deepen pedagogical research in the medical sciences, so that publications compile scientific evidence and experiences derived from teaching to create a particular didactics that perfects the teaching-learning process and lays the foundations for the subsequent development of teaching methods. work in the health professions. It is the purpose of these authors to communicate about the creation of a writing manual, in whose pages those interested in entering the changing world of publications will find a detailed methodological guide that will allow them to improve their performance during the process of construction and submission of their articles through open access journal platforms; Furthermore, it warns about ethics in scientific publication and the risk of publishing in predatory and kidnapping journals.

The "Phase Down" of Dental Amalgam Restorations - What are the Criteria for Replacement and Indication?

ABSTRACT Objective: To guide professionals about the criteria for replacing amalgam restorations and inform them about the new guidelines regarding the use/indication of this (amalgam) material after the Minamata Convention - COP-4. Material and Methods: The articles were selected from the databases (PubMed, Scielo, Bireme), and relevant articles on the subject between the years 2003-2021 were selected. Recently, social media have been flooded with dental treatments that aim to perform restorations only with composite resins or other types of esthetic material and completely replace all dental amalgam restorations, irrespective of their time in place, size, and functionality. Results: Although improperly, it has been noted that this information reaches patients, and they are led to believe in the inaccurate data that is passed on, such as, for example, (that amalgam leads to) permanent contamination by mercury, causing systemic problems and the loss of the tooth. Conclusion: The "phase down" of amalgam in research and teaching has previously been observed in several countries worldwide; however, its use is still necessary given particular circumstances, which, theoretically, make it a material with exact indication.