Key points to execute internal horizontal mattress suture in tissue augmentation / 口腔疾病防治

@#Ideal sutures can provide great fixation, wound closure and a stable environment for healing of the surgical site. Tension-free apposition sutures are important for tissue regeneration and could tackle insufficient amounts of soft and hard tissue, especially in missing tooth sites that require implantation. The internal horizontal mattress suture, similar to the conventional horizontal mattress suture, forms a rectangle that can be bisected by the incision with both intrusion and extrusion of the needle on each side. On the basis of the rectangle, the internal horizontal mattress suture emphasizes that the suture should be located below the incision, so the eversion of the wound margin is the highlight of this procedure. The internal horizontal mattress suture could stabilize the graft on the targeting tissue, realize the fixation of the collagen membrane, apically repositioned flap and soft tissue graft, reduce the tension on the incision, and further release the tension of the incision margin. Beyond the primary need for fixation and wound closure, internal horizontal mattress sutures can also achieve stress interruption that reduces the interference of the surrounding muscle and can better master wound tension with the assistance of interrupted sutures. Given the above advantages, horizontal internal mattress sutures have great potential in the application of implant-related regenerative surgery. In this review, according to our experience in clinical practice and the literature, we summarize the advantages of internal horizontal mattress sutures in tissue augmentation. In addition, the sites and sequence to insert the needle and the spatial relationship between the suture and incision are clarified with the rationale of the naming pattern, which is conducive to experience exchange and clinical practice.

Effect of smart air cell mattress on sleep quality / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of smart air cell mattresses on sleep quality.Methods:Twenty healthy young people were enrolled as subjects, and each subject underwent a four-night polysomnographic monitoring experiment, including two nights each on a smart air cell mattress and a general mattress. The differences in sleep quality were compared by self-assessment of sleep quality, objective sleep indicators, and electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral analysis.Results:In the comparison between the smart air cell mattress and the general mattress, the differences in self-assessment of sleep quality and objective sleep indicators were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05), but the smart air cell mattress had a slight overall advantage. The relative power of EEG in the low-frequency band and the relative power of EEG in the high-frequency band were higher in the subjects with the smart air cell mattress. Conclusions:For the healthy young population, the smart air cell mattress can positively influence sleep quality to some extent, and the change in EEG relative power indicates an increase in sleep depth.

Which is better for pfannensteil skin incision closure in caesarean section? Interrupted mattress suture or continuous subcuticular suture

Background: Caesarean delivery is one of the most commonly performed operations in obstetrics. Postoperative comfort of the woman largely depends on the method of skin closure. Wound complications from caesarean delivery such as dehiscence or infection cause a significant emotional and economic burden in obstetric care. There are many methods and techniques for skin wound closure in caesarean section. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. The aim and objective of this study was to compare the wound outcomes in Pfannensteil incisions closed with mattress sutures using nonabsorbable suture and subcuticular sutures using absorbable sutures in caesarean deliveries.Methods: It is a prospective observational study done on 216 consecutive pregnant women who were admitted to labor room for elective or emergency caesarean section. Patients undergoing caesarean section with Pfannensteil incision between February 2019 to October 2019 were included in this study. Among 216 women, 108 women had mattress sutures and 108 women had subcuticular sutures for skin wound closure. The primary outcome studied was wound complications including erythema, wound dehiscence, burst abdomen, infection and pain which was studied on postoperative day 3-7. The secondary outcome was assessed at 6 weeks follow-up in terms of pain, cosmetic appearance of scar and patient satisfaction about scar.Results: A total of 216 pregnant women undergoing caesarean section were studied who had similar baseline characteristics and risk factors. However, women with previous caesarean section were more in mattress group. The overall incidence of erythema, surgical site infection, wound dehiscence, resuturing and pain was more in mattress group and was statistically significant. During follow-up at 6 weeks, women with subcuticular sutures had cosmetically better scar and more satisfied with their scars than women with mattress sutures but the pain level was same in both groups.Conclusions: Authors conclude that compared to mattress sutures, subcuticular sutures cause significantly fewer wound complications and pain in postoperative period. Also, subcuticular sutures are associated with cosmetically appealing scars and higher patient satisfaction. But there was no difference in pain level at 6 weeks in both methods of skin closure.

Short-term effectiveness of arthroscopically capsular vertical mattress suturing for shoulder recurrent anterior dislocation combined with joint laxity / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the short-term effectiveness of arthroscopically capsular vertical mattress suturing for shoulder recurrent anterior dislocation combined with joint laxity. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 6 shoulder recurrent anterior dislocation patients combined with joint laxity treated with arthroscopically capsular vertical mattress suturing between January 2017 and December 2018. There were 5 males and 1 female with an average age of 20.8 years (range, 19-24 years). The number of shoulder dislocation was 3-18 times, with an average of 9.5 times. The disease duration ranged from 2 to 60 months, with an average of 25.3 months. The preoperative Beighton score was 4-7, with an average of 5.8; the Instability Severity Index Score (ISIS) was 2-5, with an average of 3.5. There were 5 cases of simple Bankart injury and 1 case of bony Bankart injury. The range of motion of shoulder joint (including active flexion and lifting, external rotation, abduction and external rotation, and internal ratation) was recorded before operation and at last follow-up; Oxford shoulder instability score, Rowe shoulder instability score, and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) score were used to evaluate shoulder joint function before operation, at 6 months after operation, and at last follow-up, and complications were recorded. Results: All patients were followed up 16-28 months (mean, 19.3 months). During the follow-up, all patients had satisfactory motor function, and no re-dislocation and postoperative neurovascular complications occurred. At last follow-up, the activities of active external rotation and abduction and external rotation were significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P0.05). The Oxford shoulder instability score, Rowe shoulder instability score, and SST score at 6 months after operation and at last follow-up were significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of shoulder recurrent anterior dislocation combined with joint laxity by arthroscopically vertical matress suturing can achieve good short-term effectiveness.

Modified mattress sutures vs running sutures in uterine closure: which is better?

Background: Conventional closure of uterus has been known to bear risk of scar dehiscence and scar rupture in subsequent pregnancies and thus, a study was conducted to compare the outcome of uterine closure with modified mattress manner and running manner and to establish a better method of uterine closure during caesarean section. Objective was to compare the conventional single layer running sutures and single layer modified mattress sutures for closure of uterus in caesarean section and find out which method is superior.Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out in Dhiraj Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Vadodara. 60 pregnant women in the study criteria were equally divided randomly into 2 groups. Uterine closure was done in single layered sutures, one by running sutures and other group by modified mattress sutures.Results: Uterine scar thickness on 8th day and 6 months post-operatively was significantly more in single layered suturing by modified mattress suture compared to running suture (p <0.05).Conclusions: Uterine closure by single layered modified mattress suture is better in comparison to conventional single layer running suture.

Clinical study on the treatment of prominent ear by personalized horizontal mattress suture combined with cartilage tube method / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To study the effect of individualized treatment of prominent ears using mattress suture combined tubed cartilage method.@*Methods@#A total of 21 patients (28 ears) with prominent ear deformity were retrospectively analyzed from January 2013 to December 2015. Horizontal mattress suture and tubed cartilage were used to correct the deformed ears. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 1 year (mean: 9 months).@*Results@#Hematoma occurred in 3 cases after operation, but the wounds were healed after removal of hematoma. No infection, flap necrosis, cartilage absorption or deformation, or other complications occurred. 28 ears were corrected. The shape of the antihelix was smooth and the auriculocephalic angle and scapha-conchal angle were significantly reduced, compared with preoperative. No obvious scar hypertrophy was left on incision.@*Conclusions@#The method of horizontal mattress suture combined with tubed cartilage is simple to use for prominent ear, result in satisfactory and stable outcomes.

Study on development and application of simple constraint mattress for child / 中国医学装备

Objective: To develop a child simple constraint mattress with good permeability,soft,comfort,safe and easily cleanable so as to effectively avoid accidents,such as falling from bed,bump injury,scratch and hurting others.Methods: 70 hospitalized children who need restrictive measures were randomly selected in this research and were divided into observation group(35 cases)and control group(35 cases)according to the time sequence of hospitalization.The constraint mattresses was used for children of observation group,and traditional constraint bands of wrist were used for children of control group.And the effectiveness,safety,comfort,convenience and parental satisfaction of the two constraint tools were observed.Results: The effectiveness,safety,comfort,convenience and satisfaction of constraint measure of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group(x2=10.27,x2=15.97,x2=19.09,x2=3.97,x2=15.88,P＜0.05).Conclusion: The constraint effect of simple constraint mattress is better than that of traditional constraint band of wrist.

Research on upper airway compliance in OSAHS patients with MSMSMS / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the application of fiberoscope on upper airway compliance in OSAHS patients with MSMSMS. Methods From May 2014 to December 2015,93 patients with OSAHS in Jinhua Central Hospital were detected by MSMSMS[including 32 mild cases (MI),31 moderate cases (MO),and 30 severe cases (SE)] underwent electronic nasopharyngeal examination combined with the Muller test. The course of 93 OSAHS patients were recorded,including body mass index (BMI),sleep apnea index (AHI),mean oxygen saturation. The degree of collapse in the patients' soft palate area,tongue,epiglottis after area were calculated by the software. The results were analyzed by SPSS15. 0 statistical software. Results The disease courses between the mild group and moderate group [(4. 93 ± 2. 91)years,(8. 91 ± 4. 87)years],as well as between the moderate group and severe group [(4. 93 ± 2. 91)years,(9. 27 ± 4. 75) years],had statistically significant differences (t = - 3. 97,P = 0. 001;t =- 4. 33,P < 0. 001). The pairwise intergroup comparison of AHI among the three groups[(7. 75 ± 2. 49) times, (23. 24 ± 3. 74)times,(53. 27 ± 13. 59)times] showed statistically significant differences(t = 15. 49,P = 0. 000;t =- 45. 52,P = 0. 000;t = - 30. 02,P = 0. 000). The differences of MSaO2 between the mild group and severe group [(94. 25 ± 1. 11)％ vs. (94. 45 ± 0. 72)％ ],as well as between the moderate group and severe group[(94. 45 ± 0. 721)％ vs. (91. 40 ± 3. 17)％ ] had statistically significant differences ( t = 2. 85,P = 0. 000;t = 3. 05,P =0. 000). In the SE,there was a positive correlation with mean oxygen saturation (r = 0. 45,P = 0. 007). The collapse of soft palate area among the three groups had statistically significant differences (t = 3. 74,P = 0. 005;t = - 8. 39, P = 0. 000;t = - 4. 65,P = 0. 001). The collapse of posterior tongue area between the moderate group and mild group [(72. 65 ± 1. 56)％ vs. (66. 69 ± 8. 64)％ ],the mild group and severe group[(66. 69 ± 8. 64)％ vs. (74. 33 ± 10. 96)％ ] had statistically significant differences (t = 5. 96,P = 0. 008;t = - 7. 65,P = 0. 001). There was no statistically significant difference between the moderate group and severe group in the collapse of posterior tongue area (P > 0. 05). There were statistically significant differences between the mild group and moderate group[(63. 84 ± 8. 81)％ vs. (75. 06 ± 5. 07)％ ],the mild group and severe group[(63. 84 ± 8. 81)％ vs. (76. 40 ± 7. 94)]in the collapse of epiglottic area (t = 11. 22,P = 0. 000;t = - 12. 56,P = 0. 000). There was no statistically significant difference between the moderate group and severe group in the collapse of epiglottic area(P > 0. 05). Conclusion Fiberoscope combined with Müller test can respond better upper airway compliance in OSAHS patients with MSMSMS. It is worth to promote in clinic.

Study on the design of automatic turning over nursing mattress for neonatal incubator / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To design a new mattress according to clinical requirement and to observe its effect of reducing the time of changing sheets, weighing, saving nursing time of artificial posture and decreasing the extent of the drop in the temperature of the baby incubator. Methods Functional requirements and parameters of new-type mattress were designed through searching and summing up a large number of literatures concerned. The standard premature infant models weighing 1500 g were selected as the experimental object. 180 cases in the experimental group were placed in the insulation incubators of the new-type mattress, and 180 cases in the control group were placed in incubators with ordinary mattresses. Results The new-type mattress has the function of designing the shape of bird's nest, changing posture automatically and monitoring physique in real time. Volume data and equipped with skull-sensing headphones. Simulation experiment displayed that the time of changing sheets between the new mattress and the ordinary mattress was (4.04 ± 0.41) s and (18.07 ± 2.54) s, and the weighing time was 1.00 s and (37.93 ± 5.19) s. The daily nursing time of artificial posture was 0.00s and (5.40 ± 0.48) s and (0.08 ± 0.23)℃and (2.08 ± 0.57)℃. The difference was statistically significant(t=-151.74-45.36, P<0.05). Conclusion The new mattress can reduce the time of weighing weight and changing sheets, save the nursing time of artificial posture and decrease the extent of the drop in the temperature of the baby incubator .

Effect of air mattress bed on the quality of hands-only chest compression / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To observe the effect of air mattress bed on the quality of chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methods This was a self-controlled study and included twenty formally CPR-trained doctors. According to the 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, chest compression was randomly tested on a manikin for two minutes in A, B, C group. Group A was tested in ordinary bed, group B was compress in air mattress and hard backboard, and group C was tested in air mattress bed. There was a ten minutes rest between each compression. All compression data, including compression rate, depth, incomplete recoil and shallow number, were collected via real-time feedback device. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0. Multiple groups were compared with One-way ANOVA and within groups were compared with t test. The enumeration data was analyzed by chi-square test. Results There was no statistically significant difference between groups in mean chest compression rates (107.9±5.1 vs. 107.7±4.56 vs. 109.7±4.86, P=0.6). Mean compression depth was significantly better in group A and B than in group C [(53.45±2.04) mm and (52.65±2.13) mm vs. (48.45±1.36) mm, all P<0.05)]. The number of shallow compression in group C was significantly higher than those in group A and B [(97.3±23.4) vs. (23.6±19.3) and (35.3±33.9), all P<0.05)]. The retention rates in group A was better than those in group B and C [(58.43±4.17％) vs. (62.51±4.37)％ and (62.63±4.22)％, all P<0.05]. The compression depth of group C in the second minute was significantly less than that in the first minute (46.45±1.43 mm vs. 50.05±1.64 mm, P<0.05), and the number of shallow compression was more than the first minute (62.1±16.4 vs. 35.3±8.5, P<0.05). Significant difference in accuracy was observed among the three groups (33.64％ vs. 28.66％ vs. 19.24％, P<0.05). Conclusions The use of air mattress bed in CPR has a significant impact on the quality of manual chest compression. Eliminating the elasticity of air mattress bed would effectively improve the quality of chest compressions.

Different off-loading mattresses with different repositioning intervals for preventing pressure ulcers in criti-cal patients:A randomized controlled trial / 医学研究生学报

Objective The incidence rate of pressure ulcer is high in critical patients and off-loading mattresses and reposi-tioning are known as effective interventions for the prevention of pressure ulcers .However, evidence is lacking for selection of the right type of mattresses and suitable interval of repositioning .This study was to compare the effects of two types of off-loading mattresses with two different repositioning intervals in preventing pressure ulcers in critical patients . Methods According to the design of this ran-domized controlled trial , we made a training plan concerning the participants , methods of intervention and comparison , criteria and methods of observation , and methods of recording , and trained 26 nurses from 7 hospitals .Using non-inferiority design and the method of stratified blocked randomization , we divided 1194 patients with the risk of pressure ulcer into a trial group ( n=596) and a control group ( n=598) , a viscoelastic sponge mattress with every-four-hours repositioning used for the former and an automatic aeration mat-tress with every-two-hours repositioning for the latter , both for 7 successive days .We examined the patients every day , recorded the in-cidence and stages of pressure ulcer , and compared the data obtained between the two groups of patients . Results The total inci-dence rate of pressure ulcer was 1.09%(13/1194), significantly lower in the trial than in the control group (0.34%[2/596] vs 1.84%[11/598], P=0.012). Conclusion A viscoelastic sponge mattress with every-four-hours repositioning is superior to an automatic aeration mattress with every-two-hours repositioning and therefore is preferred to the latter in preventing the incidence of pressure ulcer in critical patients in the ICU .

Application of micro movement sensitive mattress sleep monitoring system in diagnosis of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To evaluate the application value of the micro movement sensitive mattress sleep monitoring system(MSMSMS) in the diagnosis of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).Methods One hundred and twenty-nine children aged from 3 to 14 years who visited the sleep center of Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from June 2013 to June 2015 due to sleep snoring were enrolled.Children with acute respiratory infection,cranial facial abnormalities,chronic lung diseases and neuromuscular diseases were excluded.According to the criteria,36 children were diagnosed as OSAS with average age of (7.3 ± 2.5) years,including 28 males and 8 females.Ninety-three non-OSAS children were recruited with average age of (6.3 ± 2.3) years,including 61 males and 32 females.Subjects were monitored with polysomnography(PSG) and MSMSMS simultaneously.Apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) ＞ 5 or obstructive apnea index (OAI) ＞ 1 were used to define whether OSAS existed.The consistency between MSMSMS and PSG in the diagnosis of OSAS and the determination of sleep efficiency were compared.Results The Kappa consistency coefficient of MSMSMS and PSG in the diagnosis of OSAS was 0.70(95％ CI:0.57-0.84),Z =7.99,P ＜ 0.000 1,which indicated the consistency between PSG and MSMSMS was good.The consistency of sleep efficiency of MSMSMS and PSG were compared.Bland-Altman results showed that there were 3％ (5/129 cases)points out of 95％ consistency bound and the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.69 which indicated the consistency of 2 methods was good in determination of sleep efficiency.MSMSMS was able to detect respiratory event that was associated with sub-cortical arousals with no electroencephalogram arousal or blood oxygen reduction.Conclusions There is an adequate consistency between MSMSMS and PSG in the diagnosis of children with OSAS and determination of sleep efficiency.The MSMSMS has an advantage in detection of sub-cortical arousals and respiratory event.

The application effect of exothermic mattress to prevent hypothermia in preterm infants: a Meta-analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of exothermic mattress to prevent hypothermia in preterm infants. Methods SinoMed, Wanfang data, CNKI, VIP, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched to collect relevant randomized or quasi randomized controlled trials on application of exothermic mattress to prevent hypothermia in preterm infants from database establishment to April 2017. A Meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results Four studies were included. The Meta-analysis showed that application of exothermic mattress significantly improved admission temperature in neonatal intensive care unit for infants less than 28 weeks (random effect model , weighted mean difference was 0.64, 95％CI 0.04-1.24, P=0.04) and increased risk of hyperthermia (fixed effect model, odds ratio was 3.18, 95％ CI 1.30- 7.77, P=0.01). Conclusions Exothermic mattress is efficacious in improving admission temperature for preterm infants.

Clinical considerations in the use of forced-air warming blankets during orthognathic surgery to avoid postanesthetic shivering

BACKGROUND: During head and neck surgery including orthognathic surgery, mild intraoperative hypothermia occurs frequently. Hypothermia is associated with postanesthetic shivering, which may increase the risk of other postoperative complications. To improve intraoperative thermoregulation, devices such as forced-air warming blankets can be applied. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplemental forced-air warming blankets in preventing postanesthetic shivering. METHODS: This retrospective study included 113 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery between March and September 2015. According to the active warming method utilized during surgery, patients were divided into two groups: Group W (n = 55), circulating-water mattress; and Group F (n = 58), circulating-water mattress and forced-air warming blanket. Surgical notes and anesthesia and recovery room records were evaluated. RESULTS: Initial axillary temperatures did not significantly differ between groups (Group W = 35.9 ± 0.7℃, Group F = 35.8 ± 0.6℃). However, at the end of surgery, the temperatures in Group W were significantly lower than those in Group F (35.2 ± 0.5℃ and 36.2 ± 0.5℃, respectively, P = 0.04). The average body temperatures in Groups W and F were, respectively, 35.9 ± 0.5℃ and 36.2 ± 0.5℃ (P = 0.0001). In Group W, 24 patients (43.6%) experienced postanesthetic shivering, while in Group F, only 12 (20.7%) patients required treatment for postanesthetic shivering (P = 0.009, odds ratio = 0.333, 95% confidence interval: 0.147-0.772). CONCLUSIONS: Additional use of forced-air warming blankets in orthognathic surgery was superior in maintaining normothermia and reduced the incidence of postanesthetic shivering.

Development and application of special position mattress for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopan-creatography / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To design a kind of special support mattress for the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and to improve the comfort of the patients during the procedure, and evaluate the efficacy and safety during clinical application. Methods By 3D modeling, we designed a special memory foam mattress for ERCP. From January 2014 to September 2014, 424 patients who underwent ERCP treatment without general anesthesia and could take semi-prone position, were divided into special mattress group (210 cases) and ordinary mattress group (214 cases) according to the random number table method. The satisfaction of the patients and the operators of the two groups were evaluated and compared. Results The operation times of the two groups were (32.9±18.5) min and (33.2±20.1) min, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The overall satisfaction ratings of the patients in the two groups were (7.9±1.6) points and (6.3±1.3) points, respectively (P0.05). No mattress related complications were found. Conclusions The special memory foam mattress for ERCP can alleviate the discomfort and improve the tolerance during the procedure. Therefore, it is worth promoting the application.

The treatment of lower extremity defects with severe proliferative tissue using an adjustable horizontal mattress suture in a Tosa dog / 대한수의학회지

A 2-year-old male Tosa was admitted for treatment of a non-healing wound on the right forelimb. Skin tests were unremarkable; however, the lesion contained severe proliferative tissue. Surgical treatment was conducted due to the extensive skin defect and granulation tissue present. Following removal of the proliferative tissue, the wound was closed using the adjustable horizontal mattress suture method with multiple punctate relaxing incisions. The proliferative tissue healed completely after the surgical treatment. This technique can be considered an alternative treatment for the proliferative tissue when conditions require a skin graft or flap after surgical treatment.

Análisis multicanal de un sensor no obstructivo para la detección del Síndrome de Apnea-Hipopnea del Sueño / Multichannel Analysis of an Unobtrusive Sensor for Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Detection

Este artículo presenta un método no obstructivo para la detección del síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño (SAHS). El flujo respiratorio es medido indirectamente a través de un colchón sensorizado (PBS Pressure Bed Sensor) que incluye 8 transductores de presión. Mediante la transformada de Hilbert se obtiene la amplitud instantánea de las señales respiratorias y se reduce la información a través del análisis de componentes principales (ACP). Los eventos respiratorios (ERs apneas/hipopneas) se localizan como una reducción en la amplitud instantánea resultante y se contabilizan en el índice de eventos respiratorios (IER), un índice de severidad similar al oficial apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). El PBS se analiza agrupando primero la información de pares de canales y después utilizando los 8 canales. Los IER se evalúan comparándolos con el AHI en diferentes niveles de severidad. En el diagnóstico de pacientes sanos y patológicos se obtuvo una sensibilidad, especificidad y exactitud de 92%, 100% y 96% respectivamente, utilizando la información de dos u ocho canales. Con estos resultados podemos proponer el uso del PBS como una alternativa para el diagnóstico del SAHS en ambientes fuera del hospital, ya que no requiere la presencia de un clínico especialista para su uso.

This manuscript presents an unobtrusive method for sleep apneahypopnea syndrome (SAHS) detection. The airflow is indirectly measured through a sensitive mattress (Pressure Bed sensor, PBS) that incorporates multiple pressure sensors into a bed mattress. The instantaneous amplitude of each sensor signal is calculated through Hilbert transform, and then, the information is reduced via principal component analysis. The respiratory events (ERs -apneas/hypopneas) are detected as a reduction in the resulting instantaneous amplitude and accounted in the respiratory event index (IER), which is a severity indicator similar to the offcial apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). The respiratory signals extracted from PBS are analyzed first by clustering the information coming from channel pairs, and then using the eight channels. The IER performance is compared with the AHI for different severity categories. For the diagnosis of healthy and pathological patients we obtain a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 92%, 100% and 96%, respectively using two or eight PBS channels. These results suggest the possibility to propose PBS as an alternative tool for SAHS diagnosis in home environment.

Usefulness of an Additional Mattress Suture for the Extracranial Drainage Catheter

In most intracranial surgery cases, a drain catheter is inserted to prevent the collection of the wound hematoma or seroma. A drain catheter is also inserted to drain the hematoma or the cerebrospinal fluid. The drain catheter itself does not cause complications; but many complications occur during its removal, such as hematoma, seroma, air collection and pseudomeningocele formation. To prevent these complications, neurosurgeons perform a suture on the catheter to remove the site. In this study, an additional horizontal mattress suture and an anchoring suture to the drainage catheter are proposed. This method maintains negative pressure in the catheter insertion site during the catheter removal, compresses the catheter tunnel site and attaches the external wounds strongly. The technique is easy and safe to perform, and does not require an additional suture to remove the catheter.

Effect of a commercial air ionizer on dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) in the laboratory

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the short and long term efficacy of a commercial air ionizer in killing Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus) and Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae) mites.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effect of a commercial ionizer on D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae was evaluated in the laboratory, using a specially designed test. Mortality was assessed after 6, 16 and 24 hours for direct exposure and after 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours for exposure in simulated mattress. New batches of mites were used for each exposure time.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LT50 for direct exposure of ionizer was 10 hours for D. pteronyssinus and 18 hours for D. farinae. The LT50 for exposure in simulated mattress was 132 hours or 5.5 days for D. pteronyssinus and 72 hours or 3 days for D. farinae. LT95 for direct exposure of ionizer was 36 hours for D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae. Meanwhile, the LT95 for exposure in simulated mattress was 956 hours or 39.8 days for D. pteronyssinus and 403 hours or 16.8 days for D. farinae.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study demonstrates the increasing mite mortalities with increasing exposure time of a commercial ionizer and suggests that negative ions produced by an ionizer kill dust mites and can be used to reduce natural mite populations on exposed surfaces such as floors, clothes, curtains, etc. However, there is reduced efficacy on mites inside stuffed materials as in mattresses and furniture.</p>

Clinical value of the Inditherm warming system on prevention of hypothermia in patients with TURP / 中国综合临床

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of Inditherm warming system on prevention of intraoperative hypothermia in aged patients with transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP).Methods Fifty two aged patients with benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH) undergoing selective TURP were randomly divided into two groups:observation group(n =27) and control group(n =25).Patients in observation group received temperature prevention from hypothermia by using the patient warming system which temperature was set to 38-40 ℃.The control group were not provided with warming mattress and the ambient temperature of operation room was maintained at 21-23 ℃.The changes of the rectal temperature were continuously monitored during the operation and changes of vital signs,part of postoperative indicators were observed.Results The temperature of patients in both groups decreased after anesthesia.The decreasing degree of rectal temperature at 30,45,60,and 90 min after anesthesia and at the end of operation in observation group was less than those in control group[20min:(36.6±0.4)℃ vs(36.3±0.6)℃,t =2.1362;30 min:(36.4±0.5) ℃ vs(35.8±0.4) ℃,t =4.7536;45 min:(36.2±0.3)℃ vs(35.5±0.5)℃ ;t =6.1751;60 min:(36.1±0.4)℃ vs(35.3±0.4)℃,t =7.2057;90 min:(36.0±0.3)℃ vs(35.3±0.6)℃,t =5.3818;at the end of operation:(36.0±0.4)℃ vs(35.3±0.5) ℃,t =5.5948 ; P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01].The occurrence rate of hypothermia(rectal temperature ＜36 ℃) after operation in observation group was lower than that in coutrol group[25.93％(7/27) vs 92.00％(23/25),x2=23.218,P ＜ 0.01];The occurrence rate of shiver was significantly lower in observation group than that in control group[14.81％(4/27) vs 64.00％(16/25),x2 =13.267,P ＜ 0.01].The VAS scores assessment of pain in the observation group was significantly less than that in the control group[(2.45±1.88)points vs(3.79±1.63) points,t =2.7362,P ＜ 0.01].The length of stay was shorten[(5.37±±2.31) d vs (7.13±3.06) d,t =2.3518,P ＜ 0.05]and the prognosis was better in observation group.Conclusion The patient warming mattress can effectively prevent the occurrence of hypothermia of aged patients undergoing TURP and reduce the occurrence of associated complication.