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Resumen: México fue pionero en establecer catálogos para identificar y hacer asequibles insumos médicos para la atención de su población, incluyendo medicamentos, instrumental, equipos y material de curación. Hace medio siglo, en 1971, surgió en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social la iniciativa del llamado Cuadro Básico, que se constituyó como una herramienta fundamental para el funcionamiento de las instituciones públicas de salud, con la cual se establecieron listados de insumos con probada eficacia y seguridad, con claves administrativas asignadas que permitieron su adquisición ordenada. En 2020 se llevó a cabo la transición del Cuadro Básico y Catálogo al Compendio Nacional de Insumos para la Salud, el cual recuperó el espíritu original de sus creadores como un documento vivo y en constante evolución, respaldado por una metodología rigurosa para la revisión de los insumos que se incluyen, basada en la evaluación de su efectividad, seguridad y calidad, y en criterios farmacoeconómicos y consensos interinstitucionales.
Abstract: Mexico pioneered the creation of catalogs for identification and access of the medical commodities necessary for public healthcare, including medicines, medical equipment and wound dressing supplies. Fifty years ago, in 1971, the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social started the initiative of the Basic Scheme (Cuadro básico), that became a fundamental tool for provision of healthcare in the public institutions through the establishment of listings of medical supplies with proved safety and efficacy, assigning administrative codes that allowed an orderly acquisition. On 2020, the Basic Scheme and Catalog underwent a transition towards the National Compendium of Health Commodities (Compendio Nacional de Insumos para la Salud), recovering the original spirit of their creators as a live document in constant evolution, supported by a rigorous methodology for the assessment of the medical commodities included, based on evaluations of effectiveness, safety and quality, pharmacoeconomic criteria and interinstitutional consensus.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: el COVID-19 es una afección ocasionada por el SARS COV2 que ha tenido grandes repercusiones en la salud de la población a nivel mundial, principalmente en la población vulnerable, entre los cuales se encuentra el personal de salud, ya que están en la primera línea de atención en las unidades de salud, es por ello que se ven en la necesidad del uso del equipo de protección personal para disminuir el nivel de riesgo de contagio. OBJETIVO: identificar los elementos de protección y el nivel de contagio de COVID-19 en el personal de Salud que labor en los Hospitales Ecuatorianos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: el actual estudio es de alcance descriptivo, enfoque cuantitativo, en un periodo de tiempo determinado, con una muestra del estudio de 218 trabajadores entre médicos, enfermeros y auxiliares a los cuales se les aplico la encuesta virtual. RESULTADOS: el 95.9% recibió mascarilla N95,76.6 % overol, 87.2%zapatones, 86.2 % las gafas, 91.7 % gorro, 93,1% guantes y 56,9% protector facial, el 96.3 % menciona que ha recibido capacitación sobre el uso de Equipo de Protección Personal (EPP) por parte de la institución, el 76.6 %del personal refieren haber presentado signos y síntomas de COVID-19, el 63.1 % de los resultados de prueba rápida fue positivos y la prueba de hisopado nasofaríngeo el 32,7 % tuvieron un resultaron positivo y 45,7% aún se encuentran en espera de los resultados. CONCLUSIONES: los elementos de protección que recibieron por parte de la Institución, en la pandemia de COVID-19 fueron: mascarilla N95, overol, zapatones, gafas, protector facial, gorro y guantes para la atención de los pacientes en el área hospitalaria, además de obtener capacitaciones acerca del uso correcto del EPP. Sin embargo, el nivel de contagio es elevado según las pruebas positivas rápidas e hisopado nasofaríngeo.
INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is a condition caused by SARS COV2 that has had great repercussions on the health of the population worldwide, mainly on the vulnerable population, among which are health personnel, since they are on the front line. Care in health units, that is why they are in need of the use of personal protective equipment to reduce the level of risk of infection. OBJECTIVE: to identify the protection elements and the level of contagion of COVID-19 in the Health personnel who work at the Ecuadorians Hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the current study is descriptive in scope, quantitative approach, in a given period of time, with a sample of the study of 218 workers including doctors, nurses and assistants to whom the virtual survey was applied. RESULTS: 95.9% received N95 mask, 76.6% overalls, 87.2% sneakers, 86.2% glasses, 91.7% hat, 93.1% gloves and 56.9% face protector, 96.3% mention that they have received training on the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) by the institution, 76.6% of the staff report having presented signs and symptoms of COVID-19, 63.1% of the rapid test results were positive and the nasopharyngeal swab test was 32, 7% had a positive result and 45.7% are still awaiting the results. CONCLUSIONS: the protection elements received by the Institution in the COVID-19 pandemic were: N95 mask, overalls, shoes, glasses, face shield, hat and gloves for patient care in the hospital area, in addition to obtain training on the correct use o PPE. However, the level of infection is high according to rapid positive tests and nasopharyngeal swab.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Surveys and Questionnaires , Ecuador/epidemiology , Equipment and Supplies, Hospital/virology , Pandemics , Personal Protective Equipment/virology , Betacoronavirus , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
We introduce the background of Shanghai medical purchasing service and supervision platform (later we call it "open platform") and the effect of its implementation. We also analyze the problems occurred by medical institutions in the management of supplies, explore how to use open platform to strengthen the management of medical supplies, further optimize the structure of supplies, standardize the clinical reasonable use and charges, and ensure the quality, safety and traceability of supplies.
Subject(s)
China , Equipment and SuppliesABSTRACT
Objective:To assess the impact of zero makeup policy for drug and medical supplies on hospitals. Methods:Descrip-tive statistics and comparative analysis were used to analyze the related indicators, profit and loss calculation and the cost of patients from April 2014 to March 2017.Results:After the policy was implemented, the number of outpatients and the number of outpatients choosing general doctors decreased. The average length of hospitalization was 8.88 days, and the proportion of drug consumption was 34.10%. The number of outpatients choosing medical experts, the number of inpatients and the proportion of surgical treatment in-creased. Although the policy benefited patients,the average medical expenditure still increased. There was policy loss in the hospital. Conclusion:The reform promotes the implementation of hierarchical medical system, optimizes the hospital income structure and re-duces drug proportion significantly,which achieves the original intentions of the policy to some extent.
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Through deeply analyzing the classification and coding of medical devices system,as well as existing problems in China,it proposed to build a medical devices classification and coding System,which was unified from state level and a platform for collection as well as surveillance for the information of medical devices,so as to improve the standardized management of the medical devices in China.
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Objective: To summarize the typical experiences and practices based on the quality evaluation of medical consumables in foreign countries and the practice of drug bidding in China,and to explore the establishment of a bidding grouping scheme for medical consumables in China. Methods: Using literature analysis and evaluation method of combing foreign countries typical measures of medical consumables quality assessment,this paper summa-rized the construction of index system of bidding in China Pharmaceutical Group, and used simple statistical data to reflect the present policy of China's medical supplies such as lack of relevant policies,different levels of quality etc.. Results:There are many problems in the quality evaluation of medical consumables in China. However, the typical measures of extraterritorial quality evaluation and the practice of pharmaceutical bidding in China provide a solid theo-retical and practical basis for the establishment of medical consumable supplies bidding grouping. Conclusion:Estab-lishing bidding grouping scheme is necessary in the Chinese Medical supplies context. Based on a clear difference be-tween medical supplies and medicines,and according to the"three stage"our conceptualization gradually improved. On the basis of the existing data and practical situation,the establishment of scientific selection index bidding group division standard,has been in the exploration of the formation of China's medical supplies bidding grouping scheme.
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Objective To introduce the process and experience of construction of medical supplies support practice train-ing platform under informatization.Methods To review and comment the structure composition,functions implemented,ap-plications and experience of medical supplies support practice training platform.Results The medical supplies support practice training platform achieved four functions which are indoor deduction,simulation training,drill outdoor,participate in military health service exercise.Conclusion The medical supplies support practice training platform has achieved good effects in teach-ing and training,which has effectively promoted the teaching and training mode reform aimed at combat requirements.
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Objective To investigate the practices and experience in the organization and implementation process of prac-tical training drill for medical supply support .Methods To review and comment on the overall design ideas ,specific steps , practical effect and experience of medical supply support in practical training drill .Results Through six years of exploration and practice , we established a training method of implementation of practical training drill for medical supply support . Conclusion It is right and effective in the organization and implementation of practical training drill for medical supply support . It is necessary to continue improving the mode of organization and implementation with combination of practical teaching and re-search .
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Objective To study the effects quality control circles in reducing the consumption rate of intra -operative disposable medical suppliers.Methods The team members were encouraged to implement self -manage-ment according to the steps and methods of quality control circle, develop and implement the corresponding regulation reforms by looking into the consumption reasons of disposable medical supplies.The consumption rate of intra -oper-ative disposable medical supplies was compared before and after the application of quality control circle.Results Quality control circle effectively reduced the consumption rate of intra -operative disposable medical supplies, and improved the satisfaction of medical products supply and nursing efficiency, and enhanced the team corporation ability and collective cohesion.Conclusion Quality control circle can effectively reduce the consumption rate of intra -op-erative disposable medical supplies and it is worth promoting.
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Objective To discuss the importance of data coding standards for the application of information technology , and put forward a method to solve the identification of complex medical materials in database structure design .Methods utilization of standardized coding , establishment of coding rules and a series of basic data dictionary , improvement of property fields and association dictionaries were used to regulate the generation , collection and processing of information , and to establish data standards for military medicine warehouse management information system .Results The design and implementation of data standards could be applicable for a variety of databases .Conclusion The establishment of standards and regulations of the data were critical to system design , develop-ment, implementation and even the successful operation , especially in management information systems , which had complex manage-ment form including property management , administration, and packaging assembly management .
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The development history, the features and laws of guaranteeing medical supplies under emergency situation are introduced briefly. The allocation of resources, the key factors in management and the technique supply are described. By looking at the trend and the future work on how to guarantee medical supplies in the state of emergency, some conclusions can be made: guaranteeing medieal supplies in the state of emergency is a whole new field. Only when the experience is accumulated, and when the eoneepts and techniques from foreign countries are learned, the supplies for clinical and first aid to be delivered safely and in time can be guaranteed. Thus, the number of lives saved will be maximized.
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OBJECTIVE To study the safe methods of used disposal medical supplies to provide scientific results of decision-making for the health administration. METHODS Using the methods of "standard prevention", "isolated transformation", and "unit calculation", the disposable medical supplies were safely treated in a completely-closed and entirely-programmed way without disinfecting or damaging. The efficacy of the methods was evaluated. RESULTS Form 2006 to 2007, the distribution of disposable medical supplies was 13 306.12 kg and 14 046.00kg and the retrieved quantity was 13 306.00 kg and 14 041.00kg. The improved methods of quantification solved the problem existing in distribution and retrieving of the disposable medical supplies. The safety and convenience of the whole process had been greatly improved. CONCLUSIONS Compared with destroying shapes, disinfecting and "face to face" exchange methods, the methods of using "standard prevention", "isolated transformation" and "unit calculation" are safer, more economic, and more effective.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the information-based management of disposable medical supplies, quality and performance of the medical production. METHODS Combined with successful experience of our hospital, the standardized management of disposable medical supplies in our hospital was introduced. RESULTS Real-time management of using and storage were undertaken to reduce the cost of the hospital. CONCLUSIONS It is available to build digital hospital and realize resources sharing between community hospitals utilizing computer and internet for whole range quality control of disposable medical supplies to obtain economic and social benefits.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the quality control of disposable medical supplies,strengthen the management of disposable medical supplies.METHODS The procurement,inspection,storage,issuance,use,recycling,destruction,etc of the disposable medical supplies and aset of scientific managment procedures were developed. RESULTS Strengthening the management of disposable medical supplies,the occurrence of nosocomial infection and was reduced prevented the random loss of disposable medical supplies waste,to ensure safe and effective clinical use.CONCLUSIONS Hospital infection control and prevention of medical safety management are an important guarantee for strengthening the supervision of disposable medical supplies,and enhance the awareness of hospital infection control and prevention,which can be regarded as a modal of disposable medical supplies.
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OBJECTIVE To guarantee safe use of medical disposables for cure effect and life quality of the patients by tracing the quality of products and the patients lives.METHODS Combining with successful experience of our hospital,the process management for purchase of the disposable medical supplies were introduced.RESULTS By reducing the purchase price of medical consumables,lightening burden of patients,and through public bidding,the price of picked medical consumables was reduced widely.It was benefit to patients.CONCLUSIONS The price of the prodocts is reasonable and quality is reliable.Nevertheless,purchase process of medical consumables need to ameliorate.
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The general situation of sudden public events is introduced.Considering the characteristics and phases of massive earthquake disaster,the system of emergency medical supplies for sudden public events is set up in terms of storing and managing the emergency medical supplies by reasonable determining the amount of all kinds of emergency medical supplies such as goods reserve,market reserve,production & technology capacity reserve,etc.
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Objective: To study the properties and behavior of dynamics in the tactical reserve models of medicine supplies. Methods: A tactical reserve model of medicine supplies was established with methods of systematic dynamics, and the behaviors of the system was simulated by computer program when parameters changed. Results:The quantity of initial reserve did not obviously effect the average inventory and amount of goods in short. However, objective reserve, rate of supply and rate of deliver evidently affected average inventory and amount of goods in short. Conclusion: The system efficiency is not influenced if the rate of supply is guaranteed.