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Objective:To investigate the ultrasonic features, contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings and long-term follow-up results of melanocytoma of the optic disc(MCOD).Methods:The data of 35 patients (35 eyes, 35 lesions) diagnosed with MCOD in Beijing Tongren Ophthalmic Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital from September 2012 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The B-mode ultrasonography and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) were performed on them. The size, morphology, internal echo and secondary changes of the lesions were analyzed. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed on 13 patients. At the same time, 9 patients were followed up for long-term observation.Results:Six lesions (17.1%) showed hemispherical high echo, and 29 lesions (82.9%) showed limited uplift high echo. The largest base diameter of the lesions was (4.0±0.8)mm, average height was(1.9±0.4)mm. Internal echo characteristics: 8 lesions (22.9%) showed uniform echo and 27 lesions (77.1%) showed uneven echo.Lesion boundary: 35 lesions (100%) showed clear lesion boundary. Fifheen lesions (42.9%) showed secondary vitreous opacity. CDFI: blood flow signals could be detected inside the lesions in 19 lesions(54.3%), and not in 16 lesions(45.7%). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound showed 11 of the 13 lesions (84.6%) were completely filled with contrast agent.Conclusions:MCOD has certain ultrasonographic characteristics, which can provide a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis. There is no significant change in tumor size after long-term follow-up.
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Melanocytoma is a deeply pigmented variant of melanocytic nevus that classically occurs in the optic disk, sometimes with contiguous involvement of the adjacent retina or choroid. Historically, this tumor was often confused with malignant melanoma both clinically and histopathologically. Today, however, it is generally recognized by its typical clinical features that differ from most melanomas and erroneous enucleation is rarely done. Histopathologically, melanocytoma is composed of intensely pigmented round to oval nevus cells with benign features. Although traditionally believed to be a relatively stationary lesion, it is now known to exhibit minor enlargement in 10--15% of cases and can cause minor visual loss by a variety of mechanisms. In rare instance, it can induce severe visual loss due to spontaneous necrosis of the lesion or compressive optic neuropathy. More importantly, it can exhibit malignant transformation into melanoma in 1--2% of cases. Ophthalmologists should be familiar with melanocytoma of the optic disk and affected patients should be followed periodically.
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Melanocytoma is a locally invasive intraocular tumor usually located in the optic nerve head, iris, ciliary body and choroid. Melanocytoma can undergo necrosis and lead to pigment dispersion. We report a case of melanocytoma of the ciliary body with vitreous seeds filling the vitreous cavity. A sub conjunctival pigmented lesion was seen due to extra scleral extension of the tumor. The diagnosis of melanocytoma was confirmed by biopsy of the sub conjunctival lesion. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed to clear the vitreous cavity with good visual recovery.
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Optic disc melanocytoma (ODM) has been considered as a benign tumor with few reports of malignant transformation. We present swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) imaging of a case of ODM. As attaining histopathology is impossible in most cases, we discuss the possibility of using SSOCT as a tool for ruling out choroidal invasion or juxtapapillary melanoma.
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Objetivo: Exponer las principales características clínicas de un paciente con melanocitoma del nervio óptico, asociado a neurofibromatosis tipo 1 o enfermedad de Von Recklinghausen. Diseño del estudio: Reporte de caso. Método: Se revisó la historia clínica y los reportes de ayuda diagnósticas: Tomografía axial computarizada de orbitas simple y cerebral simple, ecografía ocular, campos visuales, Angiografía fluoresceínica, Tomografía óptica coherente de nervio óptico. Resultados: Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 78 años de edad, con neurofibromatosis tipo 1, quien manifiesta visión borrosa en ojo izquierdo. Se realiza diagnóstico de melanocitoma del nervio óptico, que se caracteriza por ser una lesión altamente pigmentada y de buen pronóstico, con posibilidad de trasformación maligna. Generalmente no asociado con anomalías sistémicas. En la literatura actual no existe reporte de casos en los que se relacione a neurofibromatosis tipo 1. Conclusión: Esta revisión se concentra en exponer las manifestaciones clínicas del melanocitoma del nervio óptico asociado a una enfermedad sistémica, a través de un caso clínico por primera vez reportado en Colombia así como a nivel mundial. La importancia de publicar este reporte es facilitar un diagnóstico precoz, basados en la carente evidencia que existe y así no sea una enfermedad subdiagnosticada.
Purpose: To present the main clinical characteristics of a patient with melanocytoma of the optic disk, associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 also known as Von Recklinghausen's Disease. Study design: Case report. Method: Medical history and diagnostic studies were evaluated: Orbit and cerebral Computed tomography, visual fields, Fluorescein angiography and optic nerve tomography. Results: We present the clinical case of a 78-year-old patient with neurofibromatosis type 1, who manifests blurred vision in the left eye. Diagnosis of melanocytoma of the optic disk is made, this is a highly pigmented lesion with a good prognosis, it has the possibility of malignant transformation. Generally, not associated with systemic abnormalities. In the current literature there is no report of cases in which it is related to neurofibromatosis type 1. Conclusion: This case reviewfocuses on exposing the clinical manifestations of optic nerve melanocytoma associated with a systemic disease, through a clinical case reported for the fi rst time in Colombia as well as worldwide. The importance of publishing this report is to facilitate an early diagnosis, based on the lack of evidence that exists and that is not an underdiagnosed disease.
Subject(s)
Neurofibromatosis 1/epidemiology , Eye Abnormalities , Neurofibromatosis 1/diagnosis , Nevus, Pigmented , Optic Nerve InjuriesABSTRACT
In this report, the patient was pre-diagnosed as meningioma before surgery, which turned out to be meningeal melanocytoma. Hence, we will discuss the interpretation of imaging and neurological statuses that may help avoid this problem. A 45-year-old man had increasing pain around the neck 14 months prior to admission. His cervical spine MR imaging revealed a space-occupying, contrast-enhancing mass within the dura at the level of C1. The neurologic examination revealed that the patient had left-sided lower extremity weakness of 4+, decreased sensation on the right side, and hyperreflexia in both legs. Department of Neuroradiology interpreted CT and MR imaging as meningiom. The patient underwent decompression and removal of the mass. We confirmed diagnosis as meningeal melanocytoma through pathologic findings. Afterwards, we reviewed the patient's imaging work-up, which showed typical findings of meningeal melanocytoma. However, it was mistaken as meningioma, since the disease is rare.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Decompression , Diagnosis , Leg , Lower Extremity , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Melanoma , Meningioma , Neck , Neurologic Examination , Reflex, Abnormal , Sensation , SpineABSTRACT
Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente de 34 años edad que en abril de 2012 asistió a la consulta de retina del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas" de Santiago de Cuba por presentar, desde hacía 3 meses aproximadamente, disminución progresiva de la visión en el ojo izquierdo. Los resultados de los exámenes oftalmológicos y complementarios efectuados confirmaron el diagnóstico de melanocitoma de la cabeza del nervio óptico
The case report of a 34 years patient that attended the retina service of "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba in April, 2012 is described. He had for 3 months approximately, progressive vision decrease in the left eye. The results of the ophthalmologic and complementary tests confirmed the diagnosis of melanocytoma of the optic nerve head
Subject(s)
Optic Disk , Optic Disk/injuries , Optic Nerve Diseases , Secondary Care , Slit Lamp MicroscopyABSTRACT
Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma (PEM) is a borderline melanocytic neoplasms or a low-grade melanoma which is rare. It affects all age groups. The prognosis is relatively good compared to conventional malignant melanoma. We presented here a case of 3 years old Saudi girl presented with an asymptomatic brown-black lesion on her left forearm. At clinical examination,the lesion had a diameter of 0.6 cm, appeared round, exophytic, and intensely pigmented with well-defined edges and bluish reflections. All features strongly suggested nodular melanoma and the lesion was excised and histopathology showed asymmetrical growth of heavily pigmented atypical epithelioid and spindle cells. A pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma, so-called animal-type melanoma, was diagnosed. The depth of invasion was classified as Clark level IV, with maximum thickness of 3 mm.
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We report a case of large histopathologically proven melanocytoma of the ciliary body in a 15‑year‑old male, presented with rapid extraocular growth following incisional biopsy with scleral patch graft. We chose brachytherapy with Ruthenium 106 plaque over enucleation as the later was refused by the parents. The initial apical height of the tumor was 14.2 mm on ultrasonography. Two weeks after brachytherapy, the mass regressed to a size of 8.1 mm and 1 year later to 6.7 mm. This is the first case report showing the response of brachytherapy to ciliary body melanocytoma, which results in ocular and visual acuity salvation with considerable decreased in size of the tumor. The authors conclude that brachytherapy is an option in the management of non‑resectable melanocytoma of the ciliary body.
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We report a case of large histopathologically proven melanocytoma of the ciliary body in a 15‑year‑old male, presented with rapid extraocular growth following incisional biopsy with scleral patch graft. We chose brachytherapy with Ruthenium 106 plaque over enucleation as the later was refused by the parents. The initial apical height of the tumor was 14.2 mm on ultrasonography. Two weeks after brachytherapy, the mass regressed to a size of 8.1 mm and 1 year later to 6.7 mm. This is the first case report showing the response of brachytherapy to ciliary body melanocytoma, which results in ocular and visual acuity salvation with considerable decreased in size of the tumor. The authors conclude that brachytherapy is an option in the management of non‑resectable melanocytoma of the ciliary body.
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Objective There are differences in the diagnosis and treatment of primary melanocytoma in central nervous sys -tem.The article was to investigate the experience of its diagnosis and treatment . Methods Retrospective analysis were made on the clinical data of 14 cases with primary melanocytoma in central nervous system ( CNS) from January 1999 to December 2012, among which were 5 males and 9 females.The incidence ages were 14-52, average 32.7.The course of disease ranged from half a month to 19 years, geometric average 7.9 months.5 cases recurred and 9 cases occurred first.10 cases were intracranial and 4 were intraspinal. Results 14 patients underwent surgery and had pathologic diagnosis of melanocytoma .Total resection was performed in 7 patients, subtotal resection in 3, and partial resection in 1.Immunohistochemical study showed , in all cases, S-100 and HMB-45 were positive, GFAP and EMA were negative .Vimentin was positive in 8 cases and MelanA positive in 5 cases.12 cases recovered well and dis-charged except for paraplegia and facial paralysis in 1 case each. Conclusion Primary melanocytoma in CNS is very rare .Diagnosis is based on intraoperative findings , surgical pathology and immunohistochemistry results .Surgery is the primary therapy and early total resection is advocated .Adjuvant radiotherapy can reduce the recurrence rate .
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PURPOSE: To report a case of melanocytoma originating from the iris observed for the first time in Korea. CASE SUMMARY: A 53-year-old female with an unexpected iris mass was referred to our clinic. A round, 2.5 mm x 3.5 mm-sized iris mass was found on slit lamp examination in the 12 o'clock area of the patient's left eye. The mass was densely pigmented and had a smooth surface. Gonioscopy showed the mass had reached the peripheral cornea frontward and the lens backward. An excisional biopsy was performed for diagnosis. After the operation, a gonioscopic examination showed an intact ciliary body behind the surgical margin of the iris. A melancytoma of the iris was observed on subsequent histopathological examination. The patient has remained symptom-free with no iris mass recurrence since the operation. CONCLUSIONS: A few cases of iris melanocytomas have been reported worldwide but not in Korea. We confirmed a case of melanocytoma originating from the iris for the first time in Korea.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Biopsy , Ciliary Body , Cornea , Diagnosis , Gonioscopy , Iris , Korea , RecurrenceABSTRACT
O presente estudo teve como principais objetivos conhecer a taxa de ocorrência de lesões melanocíticas (melanose, melanocitomas e melanomas) em suínos abatidos para consumo e identificar possíveis padrões de distinção e de classificação macroscópica dessas lesões. Para tal, procedeu-se à recolha de lesões melanocíticas em matadouro, durante oito meses, e à sua avaliação macroscópica e microscópica. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que as melanoses foram as lesões melanocíticas mais frequentemente encontradas (74,04%) e que, relativamente às lesões tumorais, os melanomas (malignos) foram os mais frequentes (21,15%) comparativamente com os melanocitomas (benignos) (4,81%). Pela análise comparativa das características macroscópicas e microscópicas, verificou-se que, nem sempre, por uma avaliação macroscópica, é possível a distinção entre essas lesões (melanoses, melanocitomas e melanomas). No entanto, identificaram-se, neste estudo, algumas características sugestivas da malignidade, como: o tamanho superior a 2,5cm, a presença de ulceração, a libertação de pigmento negro e a presença de coloração negra do gânglio linfático regional. É, portanto, de extrema importância a observação criteriosa e sistemática dessas lesões, para a avaliação das suas características, uma vez que a decisão sanitária é diferente consoante se trate de uma melanose, de um tumor maligno ou de um tumor benigno.
The main objective of the present study was to know the rate of occurrence of melanocytic lesions (melanosis, melanocytoma and melanoma) in pigs slaughtered for consumption and to identify possible patterns of differentiation and a macroscopic classification of these lesions. To this end, we proceeded to the collection of melanocytic lesions in a slaughterhouse during 8 months, and its macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. The results of this study demonstrated that melanosis were the most often found melanocytic lesions (74.04%) and that for tumors, melanomas (malignant) were the most frequent (21.15%) compared to melanocytomas (benign) (4.81%). By comparative analysis of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics we found that it is not always possible, with a macroscopic evaluation, to distinguish between these lesions (melanosis, melanocytoma and melanoma). However, in this study we identified some features suggestive of malignancy such as: size exceeding 2.5cm, the presence of ulceration, the release of black pigment and the presence of a black staining of the regional lymph node. Therefore, it is extremely important to make a careful and systematic observation of these lesions, with the evaluation of their characteristics, since the sanitary decision is different if they are melanosis, malignant tumors or benign tumors.
Subject(s)
Animals , Meat/analysis , Eating , Melanoma , Melanosis , Wounds and Injuries , Abattoirs , Swine/injuriesABSTRACT
Meningeal melanocytoma is a rare benign tumor with relatively good prognosis. However, local aggressive behavior of meningeal melanocytoma has been reported, especially in cases of incomplete surgical resection. Malignant transformation was raised as possible cause by prior reports to explain this phenomenon. We present an unusual case of meningeal melanocytoma associated with histologically benign leptomeningeal spread and its subsequent aggressive clinical course, and describe its radiological findings.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Melanoma/pathology , Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology , PrognosisABSTRACT
Meningeal melanocytoma is a rare benign melanotic tumor arising from melanocytic cells in the leptomeninges. Preoperative differential diagnosis of meningeal melanocytoma from other melanotic tumors is difficult based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Definitive diagnosis of meningeal melanocytoma from other melanotic tumors is done on the basis of histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. The prognosis of this tumor is not always favorable with occasional local recurrence, especially in cases of subtotal gross resection. The authors report on a case of a 58-year-old man who presented with a melanocytoma located at the T7-8 level. The patient underwent on a total surgical excision for successful control of the tumor. During a follow-up period of 2 years, the patient presented no signs of recurrence. We emphasize the importance of discrimination of meningeal melanocytoma from other melanotic tumors to facilitate appropriate treatment. Complete resection is the treatment of choice for spinal melanocytoma. Radiation therapy should be reserved for those cases in which complete resection is not possible or in which there is recurrence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Discrimination, Psychological , Follow-Up Studies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prognosis , RecurrenceABSTRACT
Lo que se ha dado en llamar melanoma de tipo animal es un tumor aún no bien determinado ni clasificado. Tiene similitudes clínicas e histopatológicas con el melanoma que se observa en los caballos de pelaje tordillo: un infiltrado alarmante, denso y extenso, de células que ocupan toda la dermis y aún el celular subcutáneo, acompañado sin embargo de un pronóstico benigno y larga sobrevida. El nombre propuesto por Zembowicz et ál., melanocitoma epitelioide pigmentado, parece más adecuado para esta rara variante de melanoma.
Animal-type melanoma is a rare distinct variant of melanoma, charac-terized by a dense proliferation of epithelioid and spindle-shaped mela-nocytes occupying the dermis and the hypodermis, and resembles theheavily pigmented melanomas as seen in grey horses. Only a limitednumber of cases have been reported and, as such, the clinical character-istics of this melanoma variant are incompletely understood. Despite thehigh mean thickness of the tumors, reports indicate a less aggressive behavior and a better outcome of this tumor when compared with conven-tional melanoma, but the underlying pathways related to this particularoutcome are still unknown. As proposed by Zembowicz et ál., the termpigmented epithelioid melanocitoma seems much more suitable.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Melanoma/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/metabolism , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Immunohistochemistry , Nevus, Blue/pathology , Nevus, Pigmented/metabolism , Nevus, Pigmented/pathology , Neoplasm Proteins/analysisABSTRACT
Dificuldade potencial no diagnóstico histológico de melanomas é a dificuldade em reconhecer variantes pouco frequentes de melanoma. Entre elas, as mais desafiantes incluem exemplos de melanoma desmoplásico, melanoma nevoide, o chamado "melanoma de desvio mínimo", melanomas com proeminente síntese de pigmento ou "melanoma tipo animal" e o nevo azul maligno. Os autores descrevem dois casos de melanoma tipo animal e discute-se a importância do diagnóstico diferencial clinico-histopatológico nesses casos.
A potential diagnostic pitfall in the histological assessment of melanomas is the difficulty in recognizing unusual melanoma variants. Among them, the most challenging examples comprise desmoplastic melanomas, nevoid melanomas, the so-called minimal-deviation melanoma, melanomas with prominent pigment synthesis or animal-type melanoma, and the malignant blue nevus. Two cases of animal type melanoma are reported and the importance of clinical-histopathological differential diagnosis is discussed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Hyperpigmentation , Melanoma/classification , Melanoma/diagnosisABSTRACT
We reported an unusual case of choroidal melano-cytoma who was enucleated with diagnosis of retinoblastoma. A 14-month-old boy has been referred to the clinic with compliant of left eye exodeviation for about 10 months. Ocular examination and imaging work-up revealed retinal detachment with a calcified lesion. The patient underwent enucleation of the affected eye with diagnosis of retinoblastoma. Histopathological findings indicated large, polyhedral shape cells of the tumor with small nuclei and abundant cytoplasm filled with melanin granules, suggesting diagnosis of melanocytoma of the choroids and ciliary body. Many cases of the simulation of the malignant melanoma of the choroids and ciliary body with melanocytoma has been reported previously, but melanocytoma resembling as a calcified lesion and retinal detachment with diagnosis of retinoblastoma is a rare condition which has not been reported anywhere.
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PURPOSE: To report a patient with melanocytoma of the ciliary body. METHODS: A 52-year-old woman, who transferred from a private ophthalmic clinic to our hospital after a cataract operation due to a mass behind the iris, was evaluated. The patient had a dark brown mass with a smooth surface confirmed by ultrasonogram, CT, and MRI. The mass was removed by en bloc resection. RESULTS: The tumor had a gross finding of a dark brown, soft, and smooth surface 0.5x0.5x0.5 cm in size. Histopathologic examination revealed a melanocytoma originating in the ciliary body. There was no evidence of metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: A very rare ciliary body melanocytoma was discovered with a good surgical result obtained by its removal.