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Resumen Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad sanitaria del agua del Humedal Córdoba, por medio de indicadores de aguas residuales (coliformes totales, Escherichia coli y Enterococcus) y otros grupos bacterianos como Pseudomonas y Aeromonas. Métodos. Se tomaron quince muestras de agua de diferentes puntos de los sectores dos y tres del humedal, tanto en época de lluvia como en época seca. El recuento de microorganismos se realizó por el método de filtración de membrana siguiendo el Standard Methods. Resultados. Las aguas del Humedal Córdoba contienen un alto número de coliformes totales por lo que no deben ser usadas para fines de consumo humano y doméstico, agrícola o recreativo. La concentración de bacterias pertenecientes a los grupos de Coliformes y Enterococcus confirma la contaminación de origen fecal en todo el ecosistema. Esta contaminación se asocia al vertimiento de aguas residuales al humedal.
Abstract Objective. To evaluate the sanitary quality of the water of the Córdoba Wetland, using wastewater indicators (total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus) and other bacterial groups such as Pseudomonas and Aeromonas. Methods. Fifteen water samples were taken from different points in sectors two and three of the wetland, both in the rainy and dry seasons. The count of microorganisms was carried out by membrane filtration following the Standard Methods. Results. The water of the Córdoba Wetland contain a high number of total coliforms and should therefore not be used for human consumption and domestic, agricultural or recreational purposes. The concentration of Coliforms and Enterococcus confirms the fecal contamination in the ecosystem. This contamination is associated with the dumping of wastewater into the wetland.
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Water , Pseudomonas , Total Quality Management , Environmental Pollution , WastewaterABSTRACT
Objective To standardize the method of microbiological examination on Shegan Mixture in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. Methods Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 was used. Microbial enumeration test and specified microorganisms test were used to verify Shegan Mixture. The samples were treated by membrane filtration. Six kinds of strains for microbiological counting and limiting bacteria were used to study applicability. Results Microbial counts of the five strains of the recovery ratio were between 0.5 to 2, and Escherichia coli tested by control bacteria was qualified. Conclusion The microbiological examination methods for Shegan Mixture can meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method of microbial limit test for liquid preparation of Iron sucrose injection before filtration and sterilization.METHODS:According to the microbial limit test in the 1005 and general rules 1006 of 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (vol.Ⅴ),plate method and membrane filtration method were used to measure total number of aerobic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Bacillus subtilis,Candida albicans,Aspergillus niger) and total number of molds and yeasts (C.albicans,A.niger).The optimal test method was obtained by comparing the bacterial recoveries.RESULTS:By plate method,the recoveries of P aeruginosa and B.subtilis were 2％ and 5％.The test sample was diluted 10 times with pH 7.0 sodium chloride-peptone buffer solution,and the bacterial recoveries were in the range of 88％ to 96％;but he medium was dark in color.By membrane filtration method,without rinse solution,the bacterial recoveries in the range of 88％ to 95％.Add rinse solution,the bacterial recoveries were in the range of 91％ to 103％.After validated,the recoveries of menbrane filtration method with tlushing fluid ranged 50％-200 ％,which was in line with the requnements.CONCLUSIONS:The membrane filtration method established in this experiment has higher bacterial recovery rate than the plate method.The bacterial recoveries rate were higher after adding rinse solution,and no dark substance in the surface of filter membrane affect the accotmt.It can be used as the microbial limit test method for preparation liquid of Iron sucrose injection before filtration and sterilization.
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Objective To establish a method for the microbial limit test of zinc oxide and talcum powder lotion in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015.Methods Microbial enumeration test and specified microorganisms test with instructions were conducted from Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015,which involved 10 batches zinc oxide and talcum powder lotion and five species of bacteria in all.The samples were treated by centrifugation and membrane filtration.Microbial enumeration test:the total number of aerobic bacteria using TSA medium to examine,strains were Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Bacillus subtilis,Candida albicans,and Aspergillus niger;The total number of molds and yeasts using SDA culture medium to examine,strains were Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.Each strain was divided into two groups:Adding bacteria test group and bacteria control group.Samplecontrol group and negative control group of each culture medium was prepared respectively.Count the colonies and calculate the rate of recovery.Specified microorganisms test:Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were applicated and set the bacteria validation group,sample control group,and negative control group.The culture medium of each group was crossed on the corresponding medium plate,and Microflex LT mass spectrometer was used to identify the bacteria.Results The recoveries of all kinds of strains in microbial enumeration test,total yeast and mold count were 0.75-1.16 in all batches.In the validations of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,all kinds of strains were respectively detected in bacteria validation group,and there were no bacterial growth in sample control group and negative control group.Conclusion The microbiological examination methods for zinc oxide and talcum powder lotion can meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015.
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Objective To study the microorganism viability in compound resorcinol lotion ,confirming with bactericidal compound resorcinol lotion .Methods 5 bottles of compound resorcinol lotion were respectively added Escherichiacoli ,Staph‐ylococcus aureus ,Bacillus subtilis ,Candida ,Aspergillus niger ,placed 24 h ,then the membrane filtration method was used respectively in 5 species of microbial limit test .Results In compound resorcinol lotion ,5 microbial strains were not given birth to bacterium ,were killed ,the recovery rate was zero .Conclusion Microbial cannot survive in compound resorcinol lotion .
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Objetivo. Determinar la calidad bacteriológica del agua de la red de distribución del acueducto veredal El Charco ubicado en el municipio de San Miguel de Sema, Boyacá - Colombia, mediante los indicadores microbiológicos coliformes totales, Escherichia coli y Enterococcus. Métodos. Se tomaron doce muestras de agua de diferentes puntos de la red de distribución del acueducto. El recuento de microorganismos se realizó por el método de filtración de membrana siguiendo el Standard Methods. Resultados. En las muestras analizadas, se determinó presencia de coliformes totales y Enterococcus. Se evidenció que las muestras analizadas en el acueducto veredal superan las 0 UFC/100 mL en los indicadores Coliformes totales y Enterococcus, por tal razón no es apta para el consumo humano.
Objective. To determine the bacteriological quality of the water of the distribution network of the aqueduct El Charco located in the municipality of San Miguel of Sema, Boyacá - Colombia, were use the microbiological indicators total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus. Methods. There took twelve water samples of different points of the distribution network of the aqueduct. The count of microorganisms was realized by membrane filtration following the Standard Methods. Results. There was demonstrated that the samples analyzed in the aqueduct veredal overcome the 0 CFU/100 mL of total Coliforms and Enterococcus, for such a reason it is not suitable for the human consumption.
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Water Quality , Water Samples , Enterococcus , ColiformsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To carry out standardization research on pre-filtration method for microbial test solutions of drugs and establish a new double-membrane filtration method in microbial tests. METHODS: New filters with double-membranes of different materials or pore-sizes were designed and used as pre-filters for microbial tests. The effects of test solution pre-filtration on several wild-type strains were evaluated and compared with the methods described by Chinese Pharmacopoeia. RESULTS: No statistical difference was found between the double-membrane filtration method and the pharmacopoeia method. However, filter-clogging was significantly reduced by using the double-membrane filtration method, and the double-membrane filtration method could also eliminate the antibacterial activity of the samples, thus reducing the damage or loss of microorganisms in special samples. CONCLUSION: The double-membrane filtration method meets the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia; the test results are valid and the method can be used for sterility test and microbial limit test for drug products.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method of microbial limit test for Ofloxacin gel. METHODS:Test sample solutions were prepared by MnSO4,CaCl2 and MgCl2 gelout with different concentrations,the numbers of bacteria and control bacteria were detected by membrane filtration method,and the numbers of molds and yeasts were determined by conventional method. RE-SULTS:The conventional method showed the recoveries of Candida albicaus and Aspergillus niger were more than 70% after not treated by gel breaker;the membrane filtration method showed the recoveries of Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aurus and Baci-lus subtilis were more than 70% after treated by 5% MnSO4,3% CaCl2 and 1% MgCl2;the membrane filtration method could de-tect the control bacteria after treated by gel breaker. CONCLUSIONS:Gel breaker with appropriate concentrations can effectively eliminate the antibacterial activity of Ofloxacin gel. The established method is suitable for its microbial limit test.
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Objective To establish a method for microbial limit test of fast vertical liquid hand disinfectant gel .Methods The membrane filtration method, in accordance with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 Edition (part two) relevant requirements of microbial limit test method for validation of microbial limit test for fast vertical liquid hand disinfectant gel .Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida a lbicans, Aspergillus niger were taken as test bacteria , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were taken as control bacteria .Verification test was carried out in parallel test for 3 independent , recoveries and every trail rate were calculat-ed.Results In bacteria, molds and yeasts count method validation test , recovery test strain rate , the control bacteria test results met the requirements.Conclusion The membrane filtration method was feasible and effective , which could be used for microbial limit test of fast vertical liquid hand disinfectant gel .
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OBJECTIVE:To establish an optimal method for microbial limit test for ciclopirox olamine vaginal suppository.METHODS:The microbial limit test for antibacterial agents was validated by plating method and membrane filtration method,and the optimal method for the test of bacteria and mold were confirmed based on the recovery rate of artificially sprayed bacteria.RESULTS:By plating method,the recovery rate of artificially sprayed E.coli was more than 70%,whereas that of mould was 0%;however,by membrane filtration method,the recovery rates of bacterial and mould were all higher than 70% when flushing doses of bacteria,mold,and control bacteria were 200 mL,300 mL,and 200 mL,respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The membrane filtration method could be used for the microbial limit test of the preparation the drug quality can be kept under effective control,and the established method is accurate and reliable.
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Objective To investigate the in-vitro antibacterial effect and sterility test of Danshen injection(DI). Methods Three kinds of in-vitro antibacterial and bacteriostatic methods were used to investigate the in-vitro antibacterial effect of DI and to establish its sterility test according to the results of the antibacterial effects. By validation test, the validity of its sterility test was evaluated. Results The results of doubling dilution test showed that the minimum bacteriostatic concentration of DI is 0.098 mg/mL, and its minimum bactericidal concentration is 1. 563 mg/mL in ethanolsulfate medium and 0.195 mg/mL in nutrient meat soup medium. Rate of recovered bacterium was much more than 80% by membrane filtration method. Conclusion DI has strong in-vitro bacteriostatie effects for staphylococcus aureus and the effectual method of its sterility test is membrane filtration method.