Effect Of Various Phases Of Menstrual Cycle On Electrocardiogram In 18-22 Years Healthy Females

During the menstrual cycle phases changes in the levels of female sex hormones mainly estrogens and progesterone, have some possible influence over the clotting and fiinolytic activity of the blood, rhythmicity and conductivity of the electrical impulse of heart. Aim: Main objective of the study is to find out the effects of different phases of menstruation on ECG intervals. Methodology: This was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in female nursing students aging18 to22 years were considered Sample size was decided to be 140 female nursing students from LN Nursing College, Bhopal. Inclusion criteria were normal healthy female aged 18 to 22 years with regular menstrual cycle (30 days +- 3 days) in previous six cycles. There Electrocardiographic changes were accessed in different phases of menstrual cycle. Results- In our study we found longest RR interval in secreatory phase in comparison to proliferative and menstrual phase. Shortest Bleeding Time was found in menstrual phase. The results related to QT and QTc intervals shows that longest clotting time measures in proliferative phase as comparison to Menstrual and secreatory phase. Shortest QT and QTc intervals were found in secreatory phase

Associations between Eating Behavior and the Eating Patterns of Female College Students Across the Menstrual Cycle / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: The associations between the eating behavior and energy and macronutrient intake from meals and snacks consumed during different times of the day across the menstrual cycle were investigated in 74 healthy female college students. METHODS: A 9-day food record was collected during the last 3 days before menstrual onset (phase 1) and the first 3 days after menstrual onset (phase 2) and from the 4th to the 6th day after menstrual onset (phase 3), respectively. Anthropometry was assessed and eating behaviors were measured using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). RESULTS: External eating was the most prevalent type of eating behavior, followed by restrained eating and emotional eating. Restrained eating was positively associated with energy, carbohydrate and lipid intake at the breakfast and midmorning snack during phase 3. However, emotional eating was also positively related to energy and macronutrient intake at the dinner and after-dinner snack during phase 1 and phase 3, with higher level detected in the phase 1. The association of emotional eating with the snack consumption was highest in phase 1. External eating was positively associated with energy and macronutrient intakes at the dinner and after-dinner snack across the three phases, the highest level being phase 1. In addition, restrained eating was positively associated with the weight, body mass index(BMI), fat mass, waist and hip girth of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Eating behaviors varied with regard to meals and snacks consumed during different times of the day across the three menstrual phases. Dinner and afterdinner snack consumption in premenstrual phase could be considered as a time when women are more prone to overconsumption and uncontrolled eating.

Pulse rate and Spo2 in different phases of menstrual cycle in healthy women of Kerala

Background and Objectives: The studies on relationship between different phases of menstrual cycle and pulse rate and Sp02 changes in healthy women of Kerala are inadequate. So, this preliminary study was plan to report the same. Material and Methods: The present study was performed in twenty healthy women of Kerala, age ranging from 20-40 (mean age 27+/- 61054). Spo2 and pulse rate were recorded with pulse - oximeter in different phases of menstrual cycle and analysis of data was done by spss 20.0. Results: Variations of pulse rate and Spo2 in different phases of menstrual cycle are not statistically significant at p > 0.05. Conclusion: it was observed that there was slight increase in pulse rate in ovulatory phase and slight increase in Sp02 in secretory phase, though it is not statistically significant. It may be due to small sample size. Hence this study certainly merits continuing the work with more investigations in the field.

Menstruation and the Variability of Food Intake in Female College Students / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study aimed to elicit the variability of appetite and food intake patterns in female college students during different menstrual phases. The craving for certain foods and physiological and psychological symptoms of menstrual phase (pre- and post-menstrual) were investigated by self-administered questionnaire. Three hundred and sixty six students who were 20.9 years old and had 19.8 kg/m2 of BMI volunteered to participate in this study. Most of the subjects (89.5%) experienced the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) such as irritation, bodily fatigue, nervosity. Symptoms such as tiredness, stomachache, changes in taste and increased appetite were pointed out to be experienced at the onset of the menstrual cycle. The variability of food intake in premenstrual phase, 11.0% of subjects had decreased food intake where as 68.8% had experienced increased intake. The postmenstrual phase, 20.1% had decreased food intake while 45.2% had experienced increased intake due to changes in the appetite. Before starting menstruation, most of the subjects craved for sweets. The group who had experienced abnormal appetite during menstrual phase was significantly high ratio in overweight and obese students (p < 0.05). We also observed an association between the PMS score and the variability of eating patterns during the menstrual phase. The students who experienced changing appetite and food intake had significantly high PMS score in the premenstrual phase (p < 0.01) and postmenstrual phase (p < 0.05). These results suggested a need for future study related to changes in the actual nutrient intake and activity level during the menstrual phase.