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Objective@#To investigate of e-cigarette use among middle school students in Hainan Province, so as to provide insights into tobacco control among adolescents.@*Methods@#Students were randomly sampled using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method from three junior high schools, two high schools and one vocational high school in Hainan Province from July to October, 2021. Participants' basic features, use of e-cigarettes, e-cigarette advertising exposure were collected using the Questionnaire on Tobacco and Alcohol Prevalence among Chinese Adolescents in 2021 prepared by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Following data weighting, students' use of e-cigarettes and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements were descriptively analyzed, and factors affecting current use of e-cigarettes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 8 561 questionnaires were allocated, and 8 538 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.73%. The respondents included 4 470 boys (52.35%) and 4 068 girls (47.65%), and there 4 367 junior high school students (51.15%), 3 482 high school students (40.78%), and 689 vocational high school students (8.07%). The rate of e-cigarette use was 25.01% and the rate of current e-cigarette use was 4.68%. There were 2 728 respondents with exposure to e-cigarette advertising during the past 30 days, and the number of weighted individuals were 210 932 (32.60%). The route of e-cigarette advertising exposure mainly included point-of-sale (21.59%), stores (13.61%), and shopping websites (9.01%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified region (OR=0.610, 95%CI: 0.482-0.772), males (OR=1.332, 95%CI: 1.062-1.669), high school students (OR=0.376, 95%CI: 0.259-0.545), companion smoking (OR=6.645, 95%CI: 4.935-8.948) and advertising exposure (OR=3.229, 95%CI: 2.581-4.040) as factors affecting current use of e-cigarettes. @*Conclusions@#The use of e-cigarettes among middle school students is higher in Hainan Province than the national level, and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements may facilitate use of e-cigarettes. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of e-cigarettes, strictly restrict e-cigarettes advertisements and promotions.
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Objective@# To investigate the e-cigarette use and its influencing factors among middle school students in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into e-cigarette control among adolescents.@*Methods@#Students of junior high schools, high schools and vocational high schools in Ningbo City were sampled using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from September to October 2021. Students' general information, cigarette and e-cigarette use and e-cigarette advertising exposure were collected using 2021 China Youth Tobacco Survey Questionnaire, and proportions of e-cigarette current use and attempt to use were analyzed. Factors affecting the attempt to use e-cigarettes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#Totally 1 591 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 574 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 98.93%. The respondents included 863 males (54.83%) and 711 females (45.17%); 787 junior high school students (50.00%), 535 high school students (33.99%) and 252 vocational high school students (16.01%). The proportion of current e-cigarette use was 1.91% and the proportion of attempt to use e-cigarettes was 6.61%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified males (OR=2.544, 95%CI: 1.438-4.501), living in rural areas (OR=2.084, 95%CI: 1.195-3.634), having close friends who were smokers (OR=4.828, 95%CI: 2.936-7.940), witnessing teachers smoking at school (OR=2.766, 95%CI: 1.642-4.659), e-cigarette advertising exposure (OR=2.155, 95%CI: 1.315-3.532), current cigarette use (OR=9.365, 95%CI: 2.610-33.603) and attempt to use cigarettes (OR=7.519, 95%CI: 4.115-13.737) as promoting factors for the attempt to use e-cigarette. @* Conclusions @#There are e-cigarette use behaviors among middle school students in Ningbo City. Having teachers or close friends who were smokers, cigarette use behaviors and e-cigarette advertising exposure may increase the risk of attempt to use e-cigarettes among middle school students.
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This paper summarized the school nutrition lunch legislations and nutrition status in China and abroad. School lunch system is relatively well-established and mature in Japan， the United States and Sweden and the lunch system has been gradually as an important part of basic education， which is worth learning by other countries and regions. China started its pilot school nutrition lunch program in 1987， and has improved the nutritional status of students， especially the students in rural areas， significantly. However， there still exists certain gaps compared with developed countries. We should actively learn from those countries， so as to provide reference for the formulation and improvement of China’s nutritional lunch policies.
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Abstract@#Objective To investigate the prevalence of dissociative tendency and its influencing factors among middle school students, so as to provide insights into prevention and early interventions of adolescent dissociative tendency.@* Methods@# Students at ages of 13 to 18 years that studied in 9 high schools were sampled using a multistage, stratified, cluster sampling method from 3 counties (districts) of Hangzhou City from January, 2021 and March, 2022. Participants' demographics and social, school, family environment and psychological factors were collected using self-designed questionnaires and standardized scales. The dissociative tendency was initially screened using the Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale (A-DES), and the diagnosed by three psychiatrists according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition). Factors affecting ADT were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@# Totally 3 240 students were recruited, and 2 841 students were qualified, with a response rate of 87.69%. The respondents included 1 389 men (48.89%) and 1 452 women (51.11%), and had a mean age of (15.69±1.58) years. The prevalence of dissociative tendency was 24.04%, and the detection of dissociative tendency was higher among men than among women (29.23% vs. 19.08%; χ2=24.529, P<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified negative teacher-student relationship (OR=1.055, 95%CI: 1.010-1.103), family emotional expressiveness (OR=0.872, 95%CI: 0.777-0.978), family conflict (OR=1.152, 95%CI: 1.045-1.271), family organization (OR=0.880, 95%CI: 0.780-0.992) and family cohesion (OR=0.871, 95%CI: 0.766-0.987) as factors affecting dissociative tendency among men, and somatization (OR=1.041, 95%CI: 1.002-1.082) and paranoid ideation (OR=1.094, 95%CI: 1.006-1.190) as factors affecting dissociative tendency among women. @*Conclusions@# The prevalence of dissociative tendency was 24.04% among middle school students. Negative teacher-student relationship, family emotional expressiveness, family conflict, family organization, and family cohesion may affect dissociative tendency among men, while somatization and paranoid ideation may affect dissociative tendency among women.
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Objective@#To investigate the sleep status among primary and middle school students in Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into improving the sleep quality among primary and middle school students.@*Methods@#A district and a county was selected using the cluster random sampling method from Zhoushan City in October, 2019, and grades 4 to 6 primary school students, junior high school and high school students were sampled as the study subjects. Students' gender, grade, residing in schools, duration of homework and duration of extracurricular classes were collected using the questionnaires of the 2019 national program for common diseases and health risk factors surveillance and intervention program among Chinese students. According to the Plan for the Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Myopia among Children and Adolescents, daily sleep duration of 10 h and longer among primary school students, 9 h and longer among junior high school students and 8 h and longer among high school students were defined as adequate sleep, and the proportion of adequate sleep was estimated among primary and middle school students.@*Results@#Totally 3 042 students were enrolled, including 1 587 boys (52.17%) and 1 455 girls (47.83%), 996 primary school students (32.74%), 1 030 junior high school students (33.86%), 758 ordinary high school students (24.92%) and 258 vocational high school students (8.48%). The mean sleep duration was (9.23±1.10) h among primary school students, (8.09±1.05) h among junior high school students, (7.20±1.26) h among ordinary high school students and (7.97±1.03) h among vocational high school students, respectively, and the proportion of adequate sleep was 26.31% among primary school students, 22.82% among junior high school students, 22.56% among ordinary high school students and 66.67% among vocational high school students, respectively. A relatively higher proportion of adequate sleep was seen among primary school students in Grade 4 (33.63%) and with homework duration of less than 1 h (34.53%); among junior high school students in Grade 1 (37.76%), residing in schools (40.00%), studying in county schools (30.87%), with homework duration of less than 1 h (34.69%) and less than 1 h duration of extracurricular classes (33.33%); among male ordinary high school students (28.03%), and ordinary high school students in Grade 1 (28.30%), residing in schools (26.18%) and studying in district schools (25.83%); among male vocational high school students (69.06%) and vocational high school students residing in schools (73.14%).@*Conclusion@#The proportion of adequate sleep is low among primary and middle school students in Zhoushan City. The homework duration and duration of extracurricular classes are recommended to be reduced to ensure adequate sleep among primary and middle school students.
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Objective @#To investigate the injury characteristics among primary and middle school students in Panyu District, Guangzhou City, so as to provide the evidence for developing the strategies for prevention and control of injuries.@*Methods@# The data of 6 to 18 years old primary and middle school students with initial diagnosis of injury at Panyu District Central Hospital from 2014 to 2019 were collected. The basic characteristics of injury cases, the causes, time and place of injury development were analyzed by a descriptive epidemiological method.@*Results@#Totally 10 833 primary and middle school students with injury were reported in Panyu District from 2014 to 2019, including 7 401 boys and 3 432 girls, with a boy/girl ratio of 2.16∶1. The injury predominantly occurred in primary school students (6 903 cases, 63.72%). The causes of injury mainly included fall (4 457 cases, 41.14%), animal injury (2 593 cases, 23.94%), blunt injury (1 682 cases, 15.53%), knife/sharp instrument injury (923 cases, 8.52%) and traffic injury (731 cases, 6.75%). The place of injury development mainly included home (4 267 cases, 39.39%), school and public place (3 184 cases, 29.39%), and road/street (1 854 cases, 17.11%). The injury predominantly occurred from August to October (3 289 cases, 30.36%), and the activities at the time of injury mainly included leisure activities (3 860 cases, 35.63%), life activities (2 662 cases, 24.57%) and sports (1 929 cases, 17.81%). The characteristics of injury mainly included contusion/abrasion (4 528 cases, 41.80%), sharp instrument/bite/open injury (4 019 cases, 37.10%) and fracture (871 cases, 8.04%), and the upper limb was the main injury site (3 552 cases, 32.79%). There were 9 877 cases with mild injuries (91.18%), and 10 451 cases left hospitals after seeing a doctor (96.47%).@*Conclusions@#Fall is the main causes of injury among primary and middle school students in Panyu District, and boys and primary school students are high-risk groups for injury. Family prevention should be emphasized, and health education pertaining to injury should be intensified among students during the long holidays and leisure activities.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of injury among both primary and middle school students in Changning District， Shanghai， and to provide evidence for injury prevention. Methods In 2018， data of basic characteristics and injury-related factors were obtained through field questionnaire survey among the selected primary and middle schools （2 of each）. Results The study finally included 1 821 students， with injury incidence rate of 30.1%. Among them， the injury incidence rate for the primary schools was 32.0%， and 28.8% for the middle schools. The top three injury types were falls， sharps injuries， and blunt injuries. Age， gender， myopia， and injury-related knowledge/behaviors were significantly related to injury incidence. Conclusion Falls should still be the priority of injury prevention for primary/middle school students in Changning District. The effect of reducing injuries can be achieved by improving health education about injury-related knowledge/behaviors.
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Background The correlation between depression and sleep quality is well established in adults, but similar evidence is lacking in adolescents. Objective To study the sleep quality, the positive rate of depressive symptoms, and their correlation among middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide a basis for providing mental health and sleep management to this group of students. Methods From September to November 2020, using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of 7796 students from 32 middle schools in 16 districts of Shanghai were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire for middle school students of the 2020 Shanghai Students’ Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Surveillance was used to collect students' demographic information, history of smoking, history of drinking, and history of chronic diseases; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality; and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. χ2 test was used to compare qualitative data between groups. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between sleep quality and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Shanghai. Results After excluding incomplete questionnaires, a total of 7160 valid questionnaires were collected. The average sleep time of middle school students in Shanghai was (7.54±1.15) h. Among them, 84.8% reported insufficient sleep time < 9 h, and only 15.2% reported sleep time ≥9 h. In addition, 9.2% of the students had poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ≥8 points). The sleep quality of urban students was worse than that of suburban students. The sleep quality of girls was worse than that of boys. The sleep quality of students in the third grade of middle school was worse than that of students in the first and second grades of middle school. Students with smoking history, drinking history, and chronic disease history had worse sleep quality than those without (P<0.05). The positive rate of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Shanghai was 22.2%, among which 7.0% reported possible depressive symptoms and 15.2% reported definite depressive symptoms. The positive rate of depressive symptoms in female students (26.1%) was higher than that in male students (18.5%); among different grades of middle school, the positive rate of depressive symptoms of the third grade middle school students was the highest (24.1%); the positive rates of depressive symptoms in students with smoking history, drinking history, and chronic disease history were higher than those without; the positive rate of depressive symptoms was higher in students with poor sleep quality (P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the students with poor sleep quality showed higher risks of reporting depressive symptoms, and the OR (95%CI) was 17.064 (14.024-20.764). Conclusion The positive rates of poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms of middle school students in Shanghai are high, and there is a significant correlation between these two indicators. For students’ mental health and sleep management, more attention should be paid to the quality in addition to the quantity of sleep.
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ObjectiveTo discuss the family environment characteristics of senior high school students with psychological problems， and to provide references for realizing management of senior high school students' mental health. MethodsA total of 1 917 senior high school students in Foshan No. 2 Middle School were enrolled， and assessed using Middle School Student Mental Health Scale （MSSMHS-60） and a self-compiled family environment questionnaire. Then the family environment characteristics of senior high school students with psychological problems were analyzed. ResultsThe total score of MSSMHS-60 was （1.83±0.49） in 1 917 senior high school students， and was （2.40±0.36） in 602 （31.40%） students with psychological problems. The detection rate of psychological problems demonstrated significant difference among senior high school students with different status of companionship， household finance， parental rearing style and kinship （χ2=16.951， 38.142， 90.545， 59.448， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of frequent parental quarrels was a risk factor for senior high school students' mental health （OR=3.120， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe detection rate of psychological problems is high among senior high school students in Foshan City， and family disputes is a risk factor for psychological problems.
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Objective:To evaluate the epidemiological trend of varicella（chickenpox）in Urumqi， this retrospective study was performed by using the school surveillance data between 2014 and 2018. Methods:Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the data of varicella cases from school infectious disease prevention and control information management system from 2014 to 2018. Results:A total of 4 910 cases of varicella were reported in primary and secondary schools， with an average incidence of 290.73/100 000 per year. Primary school students accounted for 60.6%， middle school students for 27.4% and high school students for 12.0%. Among them， there were 2 595 boys and 2 315 girls with sex ratio of 1.12∶1. Two seasonal peaks of varicella incidence were observed every year， from March to June and from November to January of next year. Conclusion:Primary schools are the major places of varicella outbreak and should be the priority places for prevention and control， but the prevention and education in boarding schools should not be neglected. In areas with high incidence of varicella， it is vital to focus on prevention to avoid the infectious diseases spreading and outbreak.
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OBJECTIVES: The study was performed to examine the dietary behaviors and life stress of middle school students in the Gyeonggi area. METHODS: A total of 580 middle school students (295males, 285 females) in the Gyeonggi area participated in the study between July and August in 2011. The study was a questionnaire-based survey that included dietary habits, dietary behaviors, and life stress. RESULTS: For dietary habits, the score for drinking milk was higher in male students than in female students, whereas the score for eating fruits was higher in female students compared to male students. There were significant differences in foods eaten and preferred under stress between male and female students. Male students showed significantly less changes in the number of meals, amount of meal intake, number of snacks, snack intake, frequency of overeating, and appetite during stress than female students. Life stress score of students largely came from academic factors, and female students showed higher stress levels in personal and surrounding environment factors than male students. Life stress score was significantly lower in students with high and moderate levels of dietary habits than in students with a low level of dietary habits. Total score for dietary habits and scores for eating adequate amounts of foods for each meal, considering a combination of food groups at each meal and eating green and orange vegetables, were significantly negatively correlated with life stress score. Life stress score was significantly negatively correlated with meal regularity and positively with the level of overeating. CONCLUSIONS: This study may provide basic information on dietary habits and life stress according to gender and the relationship between dietary behaviors and life stress of middle school students, and it suggests gender-based nutrition education programs to solve undesirable dietary habits and dietary behaviors in students with higher stress.
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Female , Humans , Male , Appetite , Citrus sinensis , Drinking , Eating , Education , Feeding Behavior , Fruit , Hyperphagia , Meals , Milk , Snacks , Stress, Psychological , VegetablesABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of group cognitive behavior intervention on self-rated health of middle school students with emotional disorders. Methods From January 2018 to June 2018,79 middle school students with emotional disorders were randomly divided into intervention group ( 41 cases) and control group (38 cases) according to the single or double number of medical records. The control group only received drug treatment,while the intervention group received group cognitive behavior intervention on the basis of drug treatment. All the students in the two groups completed the self-rated health measurement scale before intervention (T0),after intervention (T1) and 8 weeks after intervention (T2). Results (1) There were no significant differences in total health score and dimension score between the two groups before intervention (both P<0. 05). (2)The repeated measurement variance analysis showed that there was a signif-icant group × time interaction effect on total health score and dimensions(P>0. 05). (3) The group effect of physical health was not significant (P>0. 05). The group effect of total mental health, social health and health score at T1 and T2 time points were significant (all P>0. 05). (4)Compared with before intervention, mental health ((123. 34±9. 33),( 122. 63± 9. 11)),social health ((102. 89 ± 7. 28),( 101. 89± 7. 73)) and total health score ((370. 34±17. 99),(367. 63±17. 89)) of intervention group at T1 and T2 increased ( all P<0. 05),while that of control group increased only at T1 (all P<0. 05). Conclusion Group cognitive behavioral intervention has no obvious effect on physical health of middle school students with emotional dis-orders. And group cognitive behavioral intervention can effectively improve their mental health,social health and overall health level,and the long-term effect is better.
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Objective To examine the reliability and validity of the Columbia suicide screen (CSS) in detecting suicide risk for junior middle school students.Methods Using convenient sampling,902 students of a junior middle school were tested with CSS and Beck depression inventory (BDI).Cronbach's alpha coefficient,parity split-half coefficient and test-retest reliability were examined after two weeks.Content validity was evaluated using specialist analysis and sensibility analysis.The BDI was used to explore the correlative validity.The convergent validity of CSS and another suicide risk screening method was examined.Results The proportion of students with suicide problem (suicide ideation or suicide attempts),suicide ideation within the previous year and suicide attempts in the past were 14.97％ (135/902),14.19％ (128/902)and 3.66％ (33/902) respectively.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Parity split-half coefficient of CSS were 0.844 and 0.908,respectively.The test-retest reliability of CSS were screening of suicide ideation (ICC =0.897),screening of suicide attempts (ICC =0.798),screening of substance use (ICC =0.882),screening of suicide problem (ICC =0.881),and screening of suicide problem combine depression (ICC =0.829)(P＜0.01).Sensibility analysis of CSS showed the cronbach α ranged from 0.834 to 0.845.Correlative validity between CSS and BDI were screening of suicide ideation (ρ =0.238,0.337,0.334,0.599),screening of suicide attempts (ρ =0.122,0.231,0.310,0.221),screening of depression (ρ =0.335,0.309,0.196,0.215),screening of suicide problem(ρ =0.240,0.328,0.321,0.590)and screening of suicide problem combine depression(ρ=0.212,0.324,0.320,0.474) (P＜0.01).Convergent validity between CSS and another suicide risk screening method were screening of suicide ideation (ρ =0.468),screening of suicide attempts (ρ =0.349),screening of suicide problem (ρ =0.453),and screening of suicide problem combine depression(ρ=0.469)(P＜0.01).Conclusion CSS has good internal consistency reliability,split-half reliability and content validity.Screening of suicide ideation,suicide attempts,suicide problem and suicide problem combine depression have good test-retest reliability,but the correlative validity and convergent validity are not satisfying.These four screening methods can only be used for preliminary screening suicide risk in junior middle school students.
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Objective@#To examine the reliability and validity of the Columbia suicide screen (CSS) in detecting suicide risk for junior middle school students.@*Methods@#Using convenient sampling, 902 students of a junior middle school were tested with CSS and Beck depression inventory (BDI) .Cronbach's alpha coefficient, parity split-half coefficient and test-retest reliability were examined after two weeks.Content validity was evaluated using specialist analysis and sensibility analysis.The BDI was used to explore the correlative validity.The convergent validity of CSS and another suicide risk screening method was examined.@*Results@#The proportion of students with suicide problem (suicide ideation or suicide attempts), suicide ideation within the previous year and suicide attempts in the past were 14.97%(135/902), 14.19%(128/902)and 3.66%(33/902) respectively.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Parity split-half coefficient of CSS were 0.844 and 0.908, respectively.The test-retest reliability of CSS were screening of suicide ideation (ICC=0.897), screening of suicide attempts (ICC=0.798), screening of substance use (ICC=0.882), screening of suicide problem (ICC=0.881), and screening of suicide problem combine depression (ICC=0.829) (P<0.01). Sensibility analysis of CSS showed the cronbach α ranged from 0.834 to 0.845.Correlative validity between CSS and BDI were screening of suicide ideation(ρ=0.238, 0.337, 0.334, 0.599), screening of suicide attempts(ρ=0.122, 0.231, 0.310, 0.221), screening of depression(ρ=0.335, 0.309, 0.196, 0.215), screening of suicide problem(ρ=0.240, 0.328, 0.321, 0.590)and screening of suicide problem combine depression(ρ=0.212, 0.324, 0.320, 0.474)(P<0.01). Convergent validity between CSS and another suicide risk screening method were screening of suicide ideation(ρ=0.468), screening of suicide attempts(ρ=0.349), screening of suicide problem(ρ=0.453), and screening of suicide problem combine depression(ρ=0.469)(P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#CSS has good internal consistency reliability, split-half reliability and content validity.Screening of suicide ideation, suicide attempts, suicide problem and suicide problem combine depression have good test-retest reliability, but the correlative validity and convergent validity are not satisfying.These four screening methods can only be used for preliminary screening suicide risk in junior middle school students.
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PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the status of dietary behavior and its association with study-related factors in middle school students. METHODS: Study-related factors, dietary habit score and dietary behaviors were surveyed by questionnaire and then analyzed. A total of 580 students in some middle schools in Gyeonggi-do participated in this study. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS for windows Ver. 22.0. RESULTS: 71.3% of the subjects slept for 6 ~ 8 hours, and the studying time outside of school was the highest (2 ~ 4 hours). The highest score for stress from studying by private lessons or academies was ‘seldom stressed’, with higher stress being observed in male students than female students. The average dietary habit score was 3.69 in male students and 3.62 in female students. The highest average time for meal eating was 10 ~ 20 minutes, with shorter times being observed for male students than female students. Eating meals was regular in most students and the highest number of snack eating was 1 ~ 2 times a day. For dietary behaviors by study-related factors, students with more than 2 hours of studying time outside of school showed higher dietary habit scores than those with less than 2 hours, who showed significantly higher rates of eating 2 meals a day. As the sleeping hours and daily average studying hours increased, the rate of regular meal eating increased significantly. CONCLUSION: The students showed good, above average dietary behaviors, but gender differences in study-related factors and dietary behaviors. Moreover, the sleeping hours and the studying time outside of school were correlated with dietary habit scores and dietary behaviors. Thus, continuous and systematic education for proper dietary behavior is needed along with greater interest in students with problems of study-related factors, particularly those due to study burden.
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Female , Humans , Male , Academies and Institutes , Eating , Education , Feeding Behavior , Meals , SnacksABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the mediating effects of neurotic personality between parental rearing patterns and depressive symptom.Methods Using multistage sampling method,982 town middle-school students were surveyed by the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90),the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU),the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ).Correlation and regression analysis,mediating effect test,and structural equation model were constructed.Results ①)Depressive symptom (D) (1.73 ± 0.72) was significantly associated with Neurotic personality (N) (51.50± 11.37) and parental rearing patterns (r=-0.138-0.582,P＜0.01).②N,mother's rejection and deny(M3),father's emotional warmth and understanding(F1),father's over-protection(F6) had a direct effect on D,which can explain 41.6％ of the variance.F1,F6,mother's over-interference and over-protection(M2),M3 had a direct effect on N,which can explain 15.3％ of the variance.The mediating effect of N between F1,F6,M2 and D were significant(95％CI =-0.212--0.069,-0.351--0.233,0.414-0.480).③The explanation for D was 41.3％.N had completely mediating effect between M2 and depressive symptom.N had partial mediating effect between F1,F6 and D,and the proportion was 43.6％ and 49.1％.Conclusion Neurotic personality plays a mediating role between parental rearing patterns and depressive symptom in middle-school students.
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Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of bullying behavior among students of 9th grade across China in 2016 and to determine the impact of different types of bullying on students’physical and mental health. Methods:This paper adopted the China Education Panel Survey ( CEPS) conducted in 2016 using the sample design of PPS and cluster sampling. The survey population involved students of 9th grade and 8600 of them were respondents of the prepared questionnaire. Opting for the survey questionnaires to collect the basic information from the survey subjects, the study measured and compared the prevalence of physical, verbal, social and cyber bullying observed in 2016. Therefore, impacts of bullying on physical and mental/psychological health of students were respectively examined u-sing multiple OLS regression model and multi-factor sequential logit model. Results: The results of the survey found that during the past academic year, 49. 29% of students suffered verbal bullying, 37. 69% experienced social bull-ying followed by 18. 41% for those who caught physical bullying and finally 14. 08% were cyber bullied. The results of the multiple OLS regression analysis indicated that being bullied was a risk factor for students’ mental health, and social bullying was the most deleterious, followed by verbal bullying. The multi-factor sequential logit model results showed that the risk of illness was higher for students who were bullied than for those who were not bullied and verbal bullying was a notable health risk factor for physical health of students. Conclusions: Currently, verbal bullying is the most prevalent of the existing types of bullying in schools while new problems emerged with cyber bullying. Being bul-lied has a negative effect on both physical and mental health of students. The main risk factor for mental health is so-cial bullying and verbal bullying presents higher risks for physical health of students.
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Objective To study the relations between neck/shoulder or low back pain and their daily behavioral habits among middle school students in Shenzhen.Methods We randomly chose 3 952 students from 10 high schools in Shenzhen to complete the questionnaires.Data was gathered and analyzed,using the IBM SPSS 23.0.Results Of the 3 952 participants,20.3％ had neck/shoulder pain and 15.2％ had low back pain.Among students experienced neck/shoulder pain,female (25.3％),high school (24.5％) and boarding students (24.4％) experienced higher rates of neck/shoulder pain (P＜0.05).Female students (17.9％) also had higher rate of low back pain (P＜0.05).Results from logistic regression analysis showed that factors as:gender,type of school,taking naps on the desk,staying up late,self-perceived stress from learning,overloading homework,time spent on mobile phone and TV,spending long time on computer etc.were related to the neck/shoulder pain (P＜0.05).Factors as:gender,naps on the desk,stay up late,self-perceived stress,overloading homework,time spent on mobile phone and TV etc.,were related to low back pain (P＜0.05).Conclusion Neck/shoulder pain and low back pain were both commonly seen while high self-perceived stress,sedentary behaviors and poor sleeping habits were associated with both neck/shoulder and low back pain in high school students in Shenzhen.
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Objective To study the relations between neck/shoulder or low back pain and their daily behavioral habits among middle school students in Shenzhen.Methods We randomly chose 3 952 students from 10 high schools in Shenzhen to complete the questionnaires.Data was gathered and analyzed,using the IBM SPSS 23.0.Results Of the 3 952 participants,20.3％ had neck/shoulder pain and 15.2％ had low back pain.Among students experienced neck/shoulder pain,female (25.3％),high school (24.5％) and boarding students (24.4％) experienced higher rates of neck/shoulder pain (P＜0.05).Female students (17.9％) also had higher rate of low back pain (P＜0.05).Results from logistic regression analysis showed that factors as:gender,type of school,taking naps on the desk,staying up late,self-perceived stress from learning,overloading homework,time spent on mobile phone and TV,spending long time on computer etc.were related to the neck/shoulder pain (P＜0.05).Factors as:gender,naps on the desk,stay up late,self-perceived stress,overloading homework,time spent on mobile phone and TV etc.,were related to low back pain (P＜0.05).Conclusion Neck/shoulder pain and low back pain were both commonly seen while high self-perceived stress,sedentary behaviors and poor sleeping habits were associated with both neck/shoulder and low back pain in high school students in Shenzhen.
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Objective To investigate the status of knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of foodborne parasitic diseases among middle school students in Xuzhou City,so as to provide a reference to the health education. Methods A total of four middle schools were selected and their students were investigated with the basic information questionnaire and questions of food-borne parasitic diseases. Results The awareness rates of parasitic diseases,hazards and transmission were 56.50％,66.33％and 70.50％respectively. The awareness rates of transmission of the diseases in the senior high school students and urban students were higher than those in the junior middle school students and rural students(χ2 =8.684,8.470,both P<0.05). The forma-tion rates of not drinking raw water and not eating raw food were higher among the female students than those among the male stu-dents(χ2 =7.675,15.230,both P<0.05). The formation rate of not eating raw food was higher among the senior high school students than that among the junior middle school students(χ2 =49.276,P<0.001),and the formation rates of washing hands before meals and not keeping pets were higher among the urban students than those among the rural students (χ2 = 5.833, 13.443,both P<0.05). Totally 64.83％of the students would not eat food that might be infected with foodborne parasites,and the proportion of girls was higher than that of the boys(χ2 =11.690,P<0.05),and 20.5％of the students would suggest others not eating food that might be infected with foodborne parasites,and 81％of the students would plan to get rid of bad habits. Con-clusion The cognition of foodborne parasitic diseases is poor among the middle school students in Xuzhou City. The health edu-cation work on foodborne parasitic diseases should be strengthened.