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Abstract The study aims to investigate the independent association of muscle mass (MM) and bone mineral content (BMC) in the performance of the handgrip strength (HGS) test and whether there is effect modification by sex and age. In 12,491 participants from the ELSA-Brasil we estimated the associations between MM, BMC and HGS using linear regression models. All the analyses were performed for total population, also stratified for sex and age. For total population an interaction term was included between each explanatory variable of interest with sex and age to verify the presence of effect modification. We observed that the higher quintiles of MM and BMC were associated to an increasing in the mean of HGS compared to the first quintile, with greater magnitudes in men compared to women, also adults compared to elderly. When we estimated the independent effect of each exposure of interest, MM showed stronger effect in HGS in women, men and adults then BMC. In conclusion, we observed that higher amounts of MM and BMC are associated with higher HGS, regardless of sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and lifestyle, with this effect being greater in men and adults.
Resumo O estudo tem como objetivo investigar a associação independente da massa muscular (MM) e conteúdo mineral ósseo (CMO) na realização do teste de força de preensão manual (FPM) e se há modificação do efeito por sexo e idade. Em 12.491 participantes do ELSA-Brasil estimamos as associações entre MM, CMO e FPM usando modelos de regressão linear. Todas as análises foram realizadas para a população total, também estratificada por sexo e idade. Para a população total foi incluído um termo de interação entre cada variável explicativa de interesse com sexo e idade para verificar a presença de modificação de efeito. Observamos que os maiores quintis de MM e BMC estiveram associados a um aumento na média da FPM em relação ao primeiro quintil, com maiores magnitudes em homens em relação a mulheres, também em adultos em relação a idosos. Quando estimamos o efeito independente de cada exposição de interesse, MM mostrou efeito mais forte na FPM em mulheres, homens e adultos do que BMC. Em conclusão, observamos que maiores quantidades de MM e BMC estão associadas a maior FPM, independentemente das características sociodemográficas, condições de saúde e estilo de vida, sendo esse efeito maior em homens e adultos.
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Rice is a staple food in many countries of Africa and it is nutritionally beneficial. This research work compared the proximate composition and mineral composition of some local and foreign rice varieties. Four varieties of rice were analyzed; two types of local rice designated as (L1 and L2) and two types of foreign rice (F1 and F2). The proximate composition such as moisture content, ash content, carbohydrate content, crude protein, crude fiber and total fat were evaluated using standard methods. The result of the analysis showed that the moisture content was lowest in L1 (8.56 ± 0.26g) and highest in sample L2 (9.47 ± 0.48g). All the four varieties recorded high carbohydrate content. The fat content of L1 and L2 (1.19±0.20 - 2.48±0.90) were significantly higher (p<0.05) when compared to F1 and F2 (1.69±0.30 – 1.99± 0.20a). Crude fiber content for L1 and L2 (1.49±0.09 -1.69±0.09) were statistically higher compared to F1 and F2 (0.29±0.09b -0.39±0.01b). Crude protein for L1 and L2 (7.89±0.09 – 8.09±0.22) were significantly higher when compared to F1 and F2 (6.34± 0.22b – 7.22± 0.66). Ash content for L1 and L2 (0.60± 0.01-0.68±0.32) were statistically lower compared to F1 and F2 (0.62±0.08 – 1.20± 0.20) Potassium and Zinc showed no significant difference in all samples apart from F1 where Potassium and Zinc were significantly different. Calcium values for foreign rice showed significant difference when compared to the values for local rice. Local rice appeared to have a relatively higher level of iron when compared to all the foreign rice samples. The values obtained from this study indicates that Nigerian local rice varieties are nutritionally better compared to foreign rice varieties.
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Background and Aims: Manotes expansa Sol. ex Planch. and Aframomum alboviolaceum (Ridl.) Schum. are two plants belonging respectively to the family Connaraceae R.Br. and Zingiberaceae Martino widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of eye diseases, fever, headaches, gastritis as well as asthma. The aim of the present study is the valorization of these two plants collected in the Democratic Republic of Congo by a quantitative and qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites and mineral elements in their leaves. Materials and Methods: The determination of secondary metabolites in the leaves of Manotes expansa and Aframomum alboviolaceum was carried out by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry for the identification and quantitative analysis of mineral elements. Results: The results showed that the leaves of these two plants are rich in phenolic compounds, i.e. 442.2 mgEqAG/g for the leaves of A. alboviolaceum, 370.64 mgEqAG/g for the red leaves and 282.64 mgEqAG/g green leaves of M. expansa. Although being part of the same plant, the red and green leaves of M. expansa presented a totally different phytochemical profile. The contents of condensed tannins, anthocyanins and flavonoids are respectively 0.3%, 0.68% and 3.29% for the leaves of A. alboviolaceum; 0.58%, 0.36% and 6.89% for the red leaves, and 0.65%, 0.26% and 7.55% for the green leaves of M. expansa. The mineral content in the leaves of both plants remains dominated by the high concentration of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn) and Iron (Fe). Conclusion: The high content of phenolic compounds and essential trace elements makes the leaves of M. expansa and A. alboviolaceum potential candidates to alleviate several health problems in Africa in general and particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
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O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a composição corporal com utilização do DXA e correlacioná-la com a idade cronológica em adolescentes pós-púberes, de ambos os sexos. Participaram da pesquisa 46 adolescentes em fase pós-puberal, sendo 27 meninas (17,23±0,98) e 19 meninos (17,65±0,74) de ensino médio de uma escola estadual da Zona Sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizadas uma anamnese, avaliação antropométrica e o DXA para avaliações. O teste U de Mann Whitney e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foram utilizados, adotando P<0,05 para significância. Verificou-se que as meninas apresentam composição corporal diferentedos meninos (P<0,05) e que com o aumento da idade elas tendem a diminuir o percentual de gordura, embora tenha sido observado um quantitativo alto de meninas com percentual de gordura elevado. Os meninos apresentaram uma tendência de aumento do percentual de gordura e da massa magra com o aumento da idade. As medidas de conteúdo e densidade mineral ósseo dentro da normalidade, com tendência de aumento com o avanço da idade cronológica. Conclui-se que os grupos masculino e feminino apresentaram comportamentos diferenciados quanto à composição corporal e os valores apresentados trazem mais um complemento à literatura a respeito de referências para a composição corporal, obtida com o DXA, em adolescentes pós-púberes.
The purpose of this study was to analyze body composition using DXA and correlate it with chronological age in post-pubertal adolescents of both genders. A total of 46 adolescents participated in the study, of which 27 were girls (17.23±0.98) and 19 boys (17.65±0.74) from a state school in the South District in the city of Rio de Janeiro. An anamnesis, anthropometric evaluation and DXA were performed for evaluations. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used, adopting P <0.05 for significance. Girls were found to have a different body composition than boys (P <0.05) and that, with increasing age, they tended to present a decrease in fat percentage, although in general a high number of girls presented a high fat level. The boys presented a tendency to increase the percentage of fat and lean mass with the increase of the age. Measurements of bone mineral content and density were considered as being within normality, with a tendency to increase with the advancing of the chronological age. Girls and boys present a different behavior regarding body composition and the values presented in this study bring an addition to the literature regarding body composition references through DXA in post-pubertal adolescents.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Body Composition/physiology , Body Weights and Measures , Puberty/physiology , Weight by Height/physiology , Bone Density/physiology , Nutritional Status , Adolescent/physiology , Fats/metabolism , Obesity/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the differences in dentin structure, mineral content and microhardness of single premolar roots with or without an isthmus.@*Methods @#Thirty single-root premolars with a canal isthmus (experimental group) and thirty single-root premolars without a canal isthmus (control group) were collected and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy spectrometry and a Vickers microhardness tester. Structure, mineral content and microhardness were compared. Results In the experimental group, the dentinal tubules were not obvious, and the structure was disordered. In the control group, the dentin tubules of the root canal wall were arranged regularly, and the lumen opening was clear. The Ca and P contents and Ca/P ratio of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The microhardness of the experimental group was less than that of the control group (P < 0.05).@* Results@# In the experimental group, the dentinal tubules were not obvious, and the structure was disordered. In the control group, the dentin tubules of the root canal wall were arranged regularly, and the lumen opening was clear. The Ca and P contents and Ca/P ratio of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The microhardness of the experimental group was less than that of the control group (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#The dentin structure of the root canal isthmus was changed, and the Ca, P contents and microhardness were low. The root canal isthmus was a weak link in the root, which could weaken the resistance of the hard tissue of the root tooth, which may be one of the important factors that could cause vertical root fracture.
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Background: Patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) lose 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the urine and can have low blood levels of this metabolite. Corticosteroid therapy on long term basis can cause osteoporosis and affects the bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in children. Hence this study was undertaken to study the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in children with Nephrotic syndrome.Methods: It is a time bound prospective hospital based observational study done at Department of Paediatrics, KIMS Hospital, Hubli. A detailed history and clinical examination including anthropometry was taken for cases of Nephrotic syndrome admitted to the hospital. 5ml venous blood was collected and sent for estimation of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and 25(OH) Vitamin D levels.Results: Mean age of onset of nephrotic syndrome was 4.6 years and median age at study entry was 7 years. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 16(47.05%) children and insufficiency was present in 11(32.35%) children with nephrotic syndrome. Wasting was present in 11.76% and stunting was present in 50% of the children with nephrotic syndrome. There was no statistically significant difference of vitamin D levels with respect to sex and age group. Frequent relapsers had low levels of vitamin D levels as compared to 1st episode and infrequent relapsers. There was moderately significant positive correlation between serum calcium and vitamin D levels and negative correlation between phosphate levels and vitamin D levels.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is common in children with nephrotic syndrome even after the remission of proteinuria.
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Objective @#To explore the promoting effect of periostin on rapid distraction osteogenesis of the rabbit mandible and provide experimental evidence for the clinical use of periostin to promote osteogenesis.@*Methods@#Twenty-four New Zealand male white rabbits underwent distraction osteogenesis, and after 3 days of retention, they were rapidly stretched at a stretch rate of 2 mm/d (total 5 d). The animals were randomly divided into group A and group B (12 per group). On the last day of the stretch, 0.5 mL of normal saline containing 40 μg of recombinant periostin was given to group B or an equal volume of normal saline was added to the control group (group A) for 8 days. At 4 weeks and 8 weeks post-stretch, 8 animals were randomly selected from each group to undergo a CT scan under general anesthesia. The bone mineral density and bone mineral content were detected by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eight weeks post-stretch, all of the experimental animals were sacrificed. Six animals were randomly selected from each group for micro-CT and a histological examination, and the remaining animals were subjected to biomechanical tests. @*Results @#CT images showed that the new bone formation in the distraction space of group B was significantly better than that of group A at 4 and 8 weeks post-stretch. At 4 weeks and 8 weeks post-stretch, the bone mineral density in group B was (0.157 ± 0.016) g/cm 2 and (0.234 ± 0.023) g/cm 2, respectively, and the bone mineral content was (0.096 ± 0.010) g and (0.204 ± 0.017) g, respectively. The above four means were significantly higher in group B than in group A (P < 0.001). The micro-CT images and data suggest that the stretch gap microstructure of group B has more mature features. Histological experiments showed that the trabecular bone of group B was thick and mature, with few chondrocytes. The biomechanical test results showed that the biomechanical strength of the distraction gap in group B was (228.47 ± 39.98) N, which was 1.24 times that of group A (P = 0.045).@*Conclusion@# Interstitial use of periosteal protein in the distraction space of the mandible in rabbits can promote local new bone formation and mineralization.
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Proximate composition, amino acid, mineral content, vitamin composition and anti-nutritional factors of Cassia occidentalis seed were determined using a standard method of analysis. The result showed that the seed had the following proximate composition on dry weight (DW) bases: ash (39.00%), moisture content (2.00%), crude protein (18.50%), crude lipid (7.55%, Crude fibre (16.30%) and carbohydrate (16.75%). Six amino acid was detected (isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, alanine, glutamine and valine) indicating that the seed is a good source of amino acid for adult. Vitamin composition (beta-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol) were also detected in the seed. The anti-nutrient analysis showed that the seed contains total phytate (1.25mg/100g) oxalate (1.70mg/100g) and nitrate (0.82mg/100g). While hydrogen cyanide was not detected. Elementary analysis revealed that the seed contain Na (0.015±0.02 mg/100g), Cu (0.028±0.04 mg/100g), Zn (0.441±0.10 mg/100g), Mg (2.003±0.30 mg/100g) and Mn (0.041±0.03 mg/100g) while Cd, Cr and Pb were not detected. Comparing the nutrients and anti-nutrient constituent with WHO and FAO values, the result indicated that the Cassia occidentalis seed had the potential to be used as a source of nutrient in alleviating macro and micronutrient deficiencies
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BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density and skeletal microstructural abnormalities. We investigated the correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and bone mineral content (BMC) values as a surrogate marker of bone health. Additionally, we assessed whether the correlation, if any, was evident even after classifying the study population into two groups based on a diagnosis of obesity in these individuals.METHODS: This study included 936 women who visited the healthcare centers that participated in this study. Fasting blood samples were obtained from all women to measure SUA, BMC of the lumbar spine was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We evaluated the correlation between SUA and BMC in obese and non-obese groups.RESULTS: SUA concentration and BMC were positively correlated (β=0.257, P=0.001); however, this correlation was significant only in the obese group (β=0.203, P=0.001).CONCLUSION: SUA concentration and BMC are positively correlated in women diagnosed obesity.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Absorptiometry, Photon , Biomarkers , Body Mass Index , Bone Density , Delivery of Health Care , Diagnosis , Fasting , Obesity , Osteoporosis , Spine , Uric AcidABSTRACT
The present study evaluated the effect of a 20-week concurrent training program on bone metabolism in elderly women. The sample consisted of 51 elderly women living in the municipality of Muriaé (MG), distributed into two groups: a concurrent training group (CTG = 25), with an average age of 69.44 ± 6.82 years, and a control group (CG = 26), with mean age of 68.30 ± 6.34 years. Biophysical parameters were determined based on weight, height and body mass index. Bone metabolism was assessed by collecting second-morning urine samples before and after intervention to analyze levels of the biochemical marker deoxypyridinoline (DPD), which quantifies bone resorption. Results: The results showed a post-intervention decline in DPD content in the GTC when compared to controls (p = 0.007) and an improvement in the variables weight, BMI and DPD between the GTC and GC (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Concurrent training was efficient in improving bone metabolism in the elderly population studied.
El presente estudio evaluó los efectos de 20 semanas de entrenamiento concurrente sobre el metabolismo óseo de adultas mayores. La muestra fue compuesta por 51 mujeres adultas mayores, residentes en el municipio de Muriaé (MG), voluntarias, distribuidas en dos grupos, un grupo participó en entrenamiento concurrente (GTC=25), con una edad media de 69,44±6,82 años y un grupo control (GC=26) con una media de 68,30±6,34 años. Los parámetros biofísicos se determinaron por medio del peso corporal, la estatura e índice de masa corporal. Para la evaluación del metabolismo óseo, se realizó la recolección de la orina matinal en el pre y post-test, utilizando como reactivo el marcador bioquímico de deoxipiridinolina (DPD) que cuantifica la reabsorción ósea. Los resultados mostraron una reducción en la concentración de DPD en el GTC cuando se compararon los grupos (p = 0,007) y la mejora de las variables, peso corporal, IMC y DPD entre el GTC y el GC en el post-test (p = 0,000). Se percibe que el entrenamiento concurrente, para las mujeres adultas mayores fue eficiente en la mejoría de las condiciones de salud del metabolismo óseo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Bone and Bones/metabolism , Bone Resorption/urine , Exercise/physiology , Bone Density , Time Factors , Body Weight , Biomarkers/urine , Body Mass IndexABSTRACT
Objective To study effects of different types of high-impact exercises on the increment of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) . Methods Thirty-nine male volunteers, including 13 hoopsters, 13 paratroopers, and 13 common college students as the control, were recruited and divided into two subgroups (subgroup 1:20-22 years old; subgroup 2:23-25 years old). Their BMDs and BMCs on calcaneus, first through fifth metatarsus, hip, and lumbar spine (L1-4) were evaluated. Results The BMC of calcaneus, the first and second metatarsals, total lumbar spine, and total hip in the hoopster group was significantly higher than that in the control group and paratrooper group. The hoopster group obtained statistically higher BMD at the lumbar spine, hip, and femoral neck than the other two groups. However, the BMCs and BMDs of the paratrooper group and control group had no significant differences at almost all measured anatomical locations. Conclusions BMC and BMD are not always in positive correlation with vertical ground reaction forces during normal exercises. Compared with parachuting training, playing basketball as a kind of variable load exercise can effectively increase BMC and BMD, and is more beneficial for reducing the risk of osteoporotic fracture.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pH and concentration of bleaching agents on the mineral content and surface morphology of human dental enamel for 14 days. Material and Methods: Eighty human central incisors were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=10): G1-7.5% hydrogen peroxide/ pH=9.0; G29.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=9.0; G3- 7.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=7.0; G4-9.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=7.0; G5-10% carbamide peroxide/ pH=5.0; G6-16% carbamide peroxide/pH=5.0; G7- 37% phosphoric acid 15s (positive control); G8-no treatment (negative control). The mineral analysis of the bleaching gel collected was assessed by ICP-AES and surface morphology was observed by SEM. Results: Friedman and Dunn's statistical test demonstrated significant differences among the proposed treatments (p0.01). However, the latter groups showed significantly higher values as compared to groups G1, G2, G3 and G4 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Alteration in enamel mineral content may not be influenced by concentration when bleaching agents with the same pH are compared. The most apparent alterations in mineral content and surface morphology may be noted when more acidic products are used. The daily mineral content measurement may not be influenced by repeated applications of bleaching agents. (AU)
Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito do pH e da concentração de agentes clareadores no conteúdo mineral e na morfologia da superfície do esmalte dental humano durante 14 dias. Material e Métodos: Oitenta incisivos centrais humanos foram aleatoriamente divididos em 8 grupos (n = 10): G1-peróxido de hidrogênio 7.5% /pH = 9.0; G2 - peróxido de hidrogênio 9.5%/pH = 9,0; G3 - peróxido de hidrogênio 7.5%/pH = 7,0; G4-de peróxido de hidrogênio 9.5% / pH = 7,0; G5 - Peróxido de carbamida 10% / pH = 5.0; G6 - peróxido de carbamida 16%/pH = 5.0; G7- ácido fosfórico 37% (controle positivo); G8 - sem tratamento (controle negativo). A análise mineral do gel clareador coletado foi avaliada por ICP-AES e a morfologia da superfície foi observada por MEV. Resultados: Os testes estatísticos de Friedman e Dunn demonstraram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos propostos (p<0,01). Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre os grupos tratados com peróxido de hidrogênio (G1, G2, G3 e G4) ou entre os grupos G5, G6 e G7 (p>0,01), no entanto, os estes grupos apresentaram valores significativamente maiores em relação aos grupos G1, G2, G3 e G4 (p <0,01). Conclusão: Alterações no conteúdo mineral do esmalte não foram influenciadas pela concentração dos agentes clareadores quando os mesmos pH são comparados. As alterações mais significativas no conteúdo mineral e na morfologia da superfície foram notadas quando clareadores mais ácidos foram utilizados. A mensuração diária do conteúdo mineral não foi influenciada por repetidas aplicações de agentes clareadores. (AU)
Subject(s)
Bone Density , Demineralization , Dental Enamel , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Peroxides , Tooth BleachingABSTRACT
Abstract Maroleiro (Annona crassiflora Mart), belonging to the family of Annonaceae is a typical specie of the Cerrado and has occurred in most states. For fruit characteristics "sui generis", with significant nutritional value. This study aimed to characterize the marolo (Anonna crasiflora Mart) during fruit development, through the evaluation of its proximal and mineral composition. The fruits 2012/2013 season, were picked to 12Km from the city of Itumirim, southern Minas Gerais, in intervals of 20 days from anthesis to maturity, and the first fruits were harvested 60 days after anthesis. The flowering marolo began in late September 2012, with fruiting initially observed at the end of October, with peak production at the end of February and beginning of March 2013 The fruits were harvested in the morning and carried to the laboratory, where followed up the moisture, ether extract, protein, ash, fiber and high sugar fraction beyond mineral quantification of them. During development reductions in moisture content and protein increments of ether extract, crude fiber and high sugar fraction and an oscillation in the mineral along the developmental stages was observed.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between lean mass and bone mineral content (BMC)and bone mineral density(BMD)in normal and increased BMI overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Seventy-two patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nantong from June 2014 to August 2016 were selected in this study.According to body mass index (BMI),the patients were divided into the normal group(BMI<24 kg/m2)and the obese diabetic group(BMI=24 kg/m2).The systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),fasting blood glucose(FBG),glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1c),blood lipids(TC,TG, HDL-C,LDL-C),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),creatinine(Cre),calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P)and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D(25OHD)were measured.The bone mineral density(BMD),bone mineral content (BMC),body fat percentage(BF%),lean body mass(LBM),fat mass(FM),and the ratio of male fat to female fat(A/G)were measured by dual energy X-ray(DXA).The above indicators were statistically analyzed.Results 25OHD in the obese diabetic group was(17.1+ 12.6)μg/L,lower than that in the normal diabetic group((23.8±8.2)μg/L)(P<0.05),but BMI,WC,BMD,BMC,%BF,FM in the obese diabetic group(BMI:(27.8±2.1)kg/m2,WC:(96.8±7.9)cm,BMD:(1.12±0.14)g/cm2,BMC:(2.47±0.38) kg,fat and fat percentage:(1.18±0.23))were higher than those in the normal group(BMI:(22.3±1.7)kg/m2,WC:(84.5 + 7.9)cm,BMD:(0.93 ± 0.13)g/cm2,BMC:(2.02 ± 0.28)kg,fat and fat percentage:(2.02±0.28))(P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between LBM and BMC in different parts of the body(R=0.37,0.37,0.35,0.43,P<0.05,P<0.001).The ratio of BMI and A/G was also positively correlated with BMC and BMD(r=0.38,0.31,0.28,0.33,0.27,0.25,0.23,0.37,P<0.05,P<0.001).There was a negative correlation between body fat percentage and BMC,BMD(r=-0.30,-0.27,-0.25,-0.33,P<0.05,P<0.001).After correction of age,sex,BMI and 25OHD,multiple linear regression analysis was used to indicate that LBM was a strong predictor of BMC(regression coefficient=0.210,P=0.001).Conclusion In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,BMC and BMD increased significantly in patients with elevated BMC,and lean body weight was a strong influencing factor for BMI.
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RESUMO: O nitrogênio (N) é o segundo nutriente mais absorvido pela mandioquinha-salsa. No entanto, ainda existem dúvidas sobre a influência que esse nutriente pode exercer sobre o crescimento da planta e a qualidade das raízes de reserva. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência da adubação nitrogenada no crescimento da planta e na qualidade físico-química e nutricional das raízes de mandioquinha-salsa. O experimento foi conduzido em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de textura arenosa, no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas doses de 0, 50, 100 e 200kg ha-1 de N. O crescimento das partes vegetativas da planta de mandioquinha-salsa aumentou linearmente com a adubação nitrogenada, mas a massa média e a produtividade das raízes de reserva aumentaram até as doses estimadas de 121 e 148kg ha-1 de N, respectivamente. A adubação nitrogenada aumentou os teores de amido e de proteína das raízes e diminuiu os teores de açúcares totais, porém, sem influenciar a qualidade nutricional delas.
ABSTRACT: Nitrogen (N) is the second most absorbed nutrient by Arracacha. However, there are still doubts about the influence that this nutrient can have on plant growth and the quality of the storage roots. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilization on plant growth and physical-chemical and nutritional quality of storage roots of Arracacha. The experiment was conducted on an Oxisol of sandy texture, in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of rates of 0, 50, 100, and 200kg ha-1 N. Growth of vegetative parts of Arracacha increased linearly with nitrogen fertilization, but the storage root mean weight and the yield of storage roots increased up to estimated rates of 121 and 148kg ha-1 N, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization increased the starch and protein content of the storage roots and reduced the content of total sugar, but without affecting the nutritional quality of the same.
ABSTRACT
La densidad mineral ósea (DMO) por tomografía computarizada cuantitativa (QCT) mide con exactitud y precisión de corto plazo la densidad volumétrica (DMOv) de secciones axiales de los cuerpos vertebrales lumbares valiéndose de un fantoma de calibración. Existe evidencia de que la densitometría por TC sin fantoma convirtiendo las unidades Hounsfield en g/cm3 aplicando un coeficiente específico para cada equipo, presenta muy alta correlación con la DMO por QCT y que es confiable para evaluar la densidad ósea vertebral. Apoyándonos en ello, correlacionamos DMO y CMO estimados a partir de estudios de TC con los obtenidos por DXA. Se incluyeron 28 mujeres (edad: 63,4±10,3 años, rango: 37-85) que habían realizado una TC de abdomen y previamente una DMO en un lapso previo no mayor de 6 meses. Se midieron: 1) TC: DMOv promedio integral (trabecular + cortical) en un corte axial medio vertebral de 10 mm de espesor y el área en cm2 . Se multiplicó la densidad por el área, obteniendo un valor equivalente al CMO de la sección (CMO-TC) y 2) DXA: se consideraron la DMOa y CMO en una RI de 10 mm de altura a nivel del centro de la vértebra L3. Las correlaciones entre los parámetros homólogos obtenidos por ambos métodos fueron significativas: resultó superior para CMO [DMOv vs. DMOa r: 0,67 (p=0,005) y CMO-TC vs. CMO-DXA r: 0,75 (p=0,00063)]. El estudio complementa los ya existentes y abre la posibilidad de utilizar estudios de rutina de TC de abdomen para evaluar la densidad ósea, para lo cual deberán establecerse valores de referencia sexo y edad específicos. (AU)
Conventional quantitative computed tomography (QCT) uses a calibration phantom scanned simultaneously with the anatomical region of interest and measures bone density accurately and with short-term high precision. Evidence supports that phantom-less volumetric BMD highly correlates with QCT BMD and is a reliable method for assessing bone density of vertebral bodies. Assessment of BMD in routine abdominal CT scans has been investigated in recent years. The aim of the study was to correlate BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) obtained from CT studies with data obtained by DXA. Twenty eight women (age 63.4±10.3 years old, range: 37-85) who underwent abdominal CT for different reasons and DXA measurements within 6 months were included. A simple manual region of interest (RI) which delineated the edge of the vertebral body was applied to L3. We measured 1) CT: Volumetric integral density (BMDv) -trabecular and cortical bone- of the axial section and area (A) in cm2 . Density was multiplied by area to obtain a value equivalent to BMC. 2) DXA: BMD and BMC in a RI of 10 mm height in the middle of L3. All parameters obtained by CT correlated significantly with the corresponding to DXA : BMDv vs BMDa r: 0.67 (p=0.005) y BMC-CT vs BMC-DXA: r: 0.75 (p=0.00063). This study complements previous reports and opens the possibility of using routine abdominal CT studies to assess bone density. For that purpose reference values (age and gender) must be established. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Spine/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Bone Density , Densitometry/instrumentation , Densitometry/methods , Osteoporosis/prevention & control , Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging , Spine/anatomy & histology , Sex Factors , Age Factors , Phantoms, Imaging , Abdomen/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
ABSTRACTExtract obtained from the leaves of Musanga cecropioides R. Br. ex Tedlie, Urticaceae, a tree growing in Africa, is used traditionally in the treatment of edema and rheumatism. The anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties of ethanol extract were studied using the carrageenan, histamine, serotonin and xylene-induced edema tests as well as the formalin, mouse writhing and tail clip tests. Significant dose dependent inhibition was observed in the carrageenan model with peak inhibition at 150 mg/kg (71.43%, 90 min, p < 0.001). In the histamine and serotonin models, the extract caused significant inhibition of 83.33% (p < 0.05) and 45% (p < 0.01) at 120 min respectively. For the xylene model, the extract showed maximum inhibition (59.25%) at 200 mg/kg. Also, M. cecropioides produced significant anti-nociceptive activity in the mouse writhing (55.12%, p < 0.01), formalin (81.88%, p < 0.01) and tail clip (11.78%, p< 0.001) tests at 200 mg/kg respectively. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that the ethanolic leaf extract of M. cecropioidespossesses anti-inflammatory effect possibly mediated via histaminergic and serotonergic inhibition and anti-nociceptive effect mediated via peripheral mechanism with mild central involvement.
ABSTRACT
This study describes the distribution of the normal bone mass in the mature human ulna, as knowledge of distribution may provide information to orthopaedic surgeons for the treatment of such fractures while advancing the understanding of the responses of osteosynthesis elements during bone repair. A random sample of 41 dry ulnas was studied with a DXA system using a Norland XR-26 densitometer. Two projections were performed, lateral and antero-posterior. In both projections five regions of interest (ROI) were selected: proximal (ROI 1), proximal-intermediate (ROI 2), intermediate (ROI 3), distal-intermediate (ROI 4) and distal (ROI 5). All statistical calculations were performed using Stat graphics Plus (version 5.1) and SPSS (version 15.0). Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were calculated. Paired data were analysed using parametric Student t-Test to compare BMD and BMC in every region in both projections. DXA show that the higher BMD is in the proximal-intermediate region (ROI 2). The higher BMC is found in the proximal region (ROI 1). Lower BMD and BMC are found in the distal region (ROI 5). The total BMD shows significant statistical differences (p0.001), which indicates the heterogeneous nature of the distribution of bone mass in the studied bone. Bone densitometry, measured by the DXA technique, is useful for assessing trabecular architecture of the human ulna.
Este estudio describe la distribución de la masa ósea de la ulna humana madura. Su conocimiento de distribución puede proporcionar información a cirujanos ortopédicos para el tratamiento de fracturas a la vez que se avanza en la comprensión de las respuestas de los elementos de osteosíntesis durante la reparación ósea. Se utilizó una muestra de 41 ulnas secas, que se estudiaron mediante absorciometría dual fotónica de rayos-X (DXA) con un densitómetro Norland XR-26. Se emplearon dos proyecciones: anteroposterior y lateral. En ambas proyecciones se seleccionaron cinco regiones de interés: proximal (ROI 1), intermedio-proximal (ROI 2), intermedia (ROI 3), intermedio-distal (ROI 4) y distal (ROI 5). Los cálculos estadísticos se realizaron con los programas Stat Graphics Plus (versión 5.1) y SPSS (versión 15.0). Se obtuvieron los valores medios y desviaciones estándar de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y el contenido mineral óseo (CMO) en cada una de las regiones de interés y en ambas proyecciones. Se compararon los valores medios de todas las regiones usando la prueba t de Student para muestras pareadas. La mayor DMO se encontró en la región intermedio-proximal (ROI 2) y en ambas proyecciones, mientras que la región que presentaba el mayor CMO fue la región proximal (ROI 1). Los valores más bajos, tanto de CMO como de DMO, en las dos posiciones del examen, correspondieron con la región distal (ROI 5). Al comparar cada una de las regiones con todas las restantes, encontramos que la DMO y el CMO muestran diferencias muy significativas (p0,001), lo que indica la naturaleza heterogénea de la distribución de la masa ósea en la ulna. La densitometría ósea mediante DXA es útil para establecer un esquema de construcción estructural de la ulna humana.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Density , Elbow/anatomy & histology , Ulna/anatomy & histology , Absorptiometry, PhotonABSTRACT
The nutritional potential of five ethno botanically important medicinal plants e.g. Acorous calamus, Corchorous fascicularis, Plantago erosa, Ocimum sanctum and Bryophyllum pinnatum were evaluated in the present study. The plants/herbs collected from different places of North East India were evaluated by determining the Proximate and Mineral composition. Few of these plants are used by the local people of North East India as their food. They have immense medicinal properties as evident from the literature survey. The present study was undertaken to determine their nutritional importance. The results revealed , the crude fat content ranged between 0.64-2.91% ; the crude protein content was higher in the leaves of plantago erosa (21.45 %) followed by Ocimum sanctum (20.84%) and Corchorous fascicularis (18.38%), while the available Nitrogen free extract content was the highest in the leaves of Acorous calamus (75.03%). The nutritive value ranged from 216.25-297.75 kcal/100g in the various edible plants. Among the various micronutrients estimated, iron was present in the highest quantity (36.00- 294.00mg /kg) followed by zinc (0.14-6.06mg/kg) and calcium (0.6-1.9mg /kg).The result indicates that the nutritional values and mineral contents of these medicinal plants under investigation were superior to many commercially used nutritive herbs. Hence, they can be utilized for their nutritional potential.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of combined intervention of isoflavones and exercise on bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and biochemical bone markers. METHODS: Forty rats were divided into four groups; Control, Isoflavones (IF), Isoflavones + Running (IFR), and Isoflavones + Swimming (IFS). All of the rats in this study were fed an experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for nine weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were estimated using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin.) in spine and femur nine weeks after feeding or training. RESULTS: The combined intervention did not affect weight gain, mean food intake, or food efficiency ratio. The serum concentrations of ALP and osteocalcin were not significantly different by combined intervention. The urinary DPD crosslinks values were not significantly different by combined intervention. There were no significant differences in serum PTH, calcitonin, and estradiol among all groups. Spine BMD, spine BMC and femur BMC were not significantly different by combined intervention. However, femur BMD was significantly higher in the IFR group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, spine BMD, spine BMC, and femur BMD per weight were markedly increased in the isoflavones supplementation and combined intervention group. In addition, femur BMC per weight was significantly higher in the IFS group than in the control group. Compared with the isoflavones supplemented group, BMD and BMC were not significantly different by combined intervention. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that isoflavones supplementation or combined intervention of isoflavone and exercise had a beneficial effect on spine and femur peak bone mass in growing female rats.