ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of cardial mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) and analyze its prognostic factors.Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 34 patients with primary cardial MANEC who were admitted to the Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nangjing Medical University from January 2008 to January 2018 were collected.There were 20 males and 14 females,aged from 39 to 81 years,with an average age of 66 years.All the 34 patients underwent resection of cardia cancer and postoperative pathological examination.Observation indicators:(1) surgery and treatment;(2) clinical manifestations and pathological conditions;(3) pathological examination of surgical resection specimens;(4) follow-up and survival;(5) analysis of prognostic factors.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was conducted to detect the survival of patients and tumor recurrence and metastasis up to December 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD.Measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M (range).Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages.Kaplan-Merier method was used to calculate the survival time and rate and draw the survival curve,and log-rank test was used for the survival analysis.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the COX proportional risk model.Results (1) Surgery and treatment:all the patients underwent surgery successfully and postoperative systemic chemotherapy based on cisplatin + etoposide.(2) Clinical manifestations and pathological conditions:patients had epigastric discomfort,abdominal pain and abdominal distension as the first symptoms.Of 34 patients,number of males,cases with age ≥ 60 years,cases with esophageal involvement,cases with stable microsatellite,cases with higher CA19-9,cases with elevated cancer embryonic antigen,cases of tumor pathologic TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,cases with tumor diameter ≥5 cm,cases with vascular tumor emboli,cases with positive lymph node metastasis,cases with nerve invasion were 20,29,31,28,4,3,29,30,27,30,29,respectively.(3) Pathological examination of surgical excision specimens:the masses of patients were mainly ulcer-type,with the diameter of 3.0-8.4 cm.Of the 34 patients,1 had tumor infiltrated into submucosa,5 infiltrated into muscle layer,18 infiltrated into serosal layer,and 10 infiltrated into extra-serous fibrous adipose tissues.Microscopy examination showed that all tumors were composed of two components including adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma,and the two components accounted for more than 30％.Among adenocarcinoma components of the 34 patients,14 were poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma,6 were mucinous adenocarcinoma,6 were moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma,5 were low-adhesion carcinoma,1 was highly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma,and 2 were papillary adenocarcinoma.Among the neuroendocrine carcinoma components of the 34 patients,10 were small cell type and 24 were large cell type.Of the 34 patients,10 had adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma closely adjacent but not confused,and 24 had adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma cross-mixed.Immunohistochemistry examination of 34 patients showed that the components of neuroendocrine carcinoma were positive for synaptophysin,pheochromoin A and nerve cell adhesion molecule.The components of adenocarcinoma were positive for broad-spectrum cytokeratin,cytokeratin 8/18 and cytokeratin 7.(4) Follow-up and survival:34patients were followed up for 8.0-68.0 months,with a median time of 53.7 months.The 34 patients had survived for 21-49 months,with a median time of 35 months.The 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 93.31％,53.60％,and 20.62％.(5) Ananlysis of prognostic factors:results of univariate analysis showed that CA19-9,tumor diameter,intravascular tumor thrombus,tumor pathological TNM stage,lymph node metastasis,microsatellite detection,and histological classification were the related factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC (risk ratio =1.724,0.327,1.401,1.612,1.542,1.876,0.945,95％ confidence interval:1.226-3.467,0.218-0.776,1.171-4.432,0.694-4.054,0.987-3.776,1.217-4.341,0.614-2.115,P＜0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that the tumor pathological TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,positive lymph node metastasis,stable microsatellite,neuroendocrine carcinoma as the main histological classification were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC (odds ratio =1.667,1.441,1.306,3.501,95％ confidence interval:1.013-4.915,1.035-5.746,1.006-6.213,2.076-8.528,P＜0.05).Conclusions Cardial MANEC is composed of two components including adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma,and the two components account for more than 30％.The tumors in the neuroendocrine cacinoma area present as solid nestlike pattern,rosettes-shaped or organ-like pattern,with high nuclear-to-plasma ratio and fine chromatin,and it is easy to see mitotic figures.Adenocarcinoma components are tubular adenocarcinoma,mucinous adenocarcinoma,papillary adenocarcinoma with various differentiation.The adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components can be cross-mixed,and also can be closely adjacent but not confused.Tumor pathological TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,positive lymph node metastasis,stable microsatellite,neuroendocrine carcinoma as the main histological classification are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of cardial mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) and analyze its prognostic factors.@*Methods@#The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 34 patients with primary cardial MANEC who were admitted to the Changzhou No.2 People′s Hospital of Nangjing Medical University from January 2008 to January 2018 were collected. There were 20 males and 14 females, aged from 39 to 81 years, with an average age of 66 years. All the 34 patients underwent resection of cardia cancer and postoperative pathological examination. Observation indicators: (1) surgery and treatment; (2) clinical manifestations and pathological conditions; (3) pathological examination of surgical resection specimens; (4) follow-up and survival; (5) analysis of prognostic factors. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was conducted to detect the survival of patients and tumor recurrence and metastasis up to December 2018. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD. Measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M (range). Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages. Kaplan-Merier method was used to calculate the survival time and rate and draw the survival curve, and log-rank test was used for the survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the COX proportional risk model.@*Results@#(1) Surgery and treatment: all the patients underwent surgery successfully and postoperative systemic chemotherapy based on cisplatin + etoposide. (2) Clinical manifestations and pathological conditions: patients had epigastric discomfort, abdominal pain and abdominal distension as the first symptoms. Of 34 patients, number of males, cases with age ≥60 years, cases with esophageal involvement, cases with stable microsatellite, cases with higher CA19-9, cases with elevated cancer embryonic antigen, cases of tumor pathologic TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, cases with tumor diameter ≥5 cm, cases with vascular tumor emboli, cases with positive lymph node metastasis, cases with nerve invasion were 20, 29, 31, 28, 4, 3, 29, 30, 27, 30, 29, respectively. (3) Pathological examination of surgical excision specimens: the masses of patients were mainly ulcer-type, with the diameter of 3.0-8.4 cm. Of the 34 patients, 1 had tumor infiltrated into submucosa, 5 infiltrated into muscle layer, 18 infiltrated into serosal layer, and 10 infiltrated into extra-serous fibrous adipose tissues. Microscopy examination showed that all tumors were composed of two components including adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma, and the two components accounted for more than 30%. Among adenocarcinoma components of the 34 patients, 14 were poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, 6 were mucinous adenocarcinoma, 6 were moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, 5 were low-adhesion carcinoma, 1 was highly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, and 2 were papillary adenocarcinoma. Among the neuroendocrine carcinoma components of the 34 patients, 10 were small cell type and 24 were large cell type. Of the 34 patients, 10 had adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma closely adjacent but not confused, and 24 had adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma cross-mixed. Immunohistochemistry examination of 34 patients showed that the components of neuroendocrine carcinoma were positive for synaptophysin, pheochromoin A and nerve cell adhesion molecule. The components of adenocarcinoma were positive for broad-spectrum cytokeratin, cytokeratin 8/18 and cytokeratin 7. (4) Follow-up and survival: 34 patients were followed up for 8.0-68.0 months, with a median time of 53.7 months. The 34 patients had survived for 21-49 months, with a median time of 35 months. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 93.31%, 53.60%, and 20.62%. (5) Ananlysis of prognostic factors: results of univariate analysis showed that CA19-9, tumor diameter, intravascular tumor thrombus, tumor pathological TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, microsatellite detection, and histological classification were the related factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC (risk ratio =1.724, 0.327, 1.401, 1.612, 1.542, 1.876, 0.945, 95% confidence interval: 1.226-3.467, 0.218-0.776, 1.171-4.432, 0.694-4.054, 0.987-3.776, 1.217-4.341, 0.614-2.115, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that the tumor pathological TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, positive lymph node metastasis, stable microsatellite, neuroendocrine carcinoma as the main histological classification were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC (odds ratio=1.667, 1.441, 1.306, 3.501, 95% confidence interval: 1.013-4.915, 1.035-5.746, 1.006-6.213, 2.076-8.528, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Cardial MANEC is composed of two components including adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma, and the two components account for more than 30%. The tumors in the neuroendocrine cacinoma area present as solid nest-like pattern, rosettes-shaped or organ-like pattern, with high nuclear-to-plasma ratio and fine chromatin, and it is easy to see mitotic figures. Adenocarcinoma components are tubular adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma with various differentiation. The adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components can be cross-mixed, and also can be closely adjacent but not confused. Tumor pathological TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, positive lymph node metastasis, stable microsatellite, neuroendocrine carcinoma as the main histological classification are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cardial MANEC.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC). Methods:From January 2011 to December 2016, the clinical and pathological data of 35 patients with gastric MANEC who were diagnosed and surgically treated in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results:The average age of the 32 men and 3 women in this study was 61.6±7.5 years. Tumor locations were as follows:17 related to gastric cardia, 9 related to gastric body, 8 related to gastric antrum, and 1 related to gastric stump. Clinical symptoms were non-specific and the diagnosis relies on post-operative pathological examination. Using the histological microscope, the affected structures were detected in neuroendocrine systems and tissue linings. Immunohistochemical staining showed that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratins 8 and 18 (CK8/18) were expressed in 32 and 33 adenocarcinoma-related cases, respectively, whereas synaptophysin (Syn) and chromogranin A (CgA) were revealed in 33 and 27 neuroendocrine-related cases, respectively. Al patients received surgical resection. A total of 17 incidents of death were reported at three years after the operation, and most of the patients were at clinical stageⅢorⅣ. Conclusion:Gastric MANEC is a rare neoplasm and is often diagnosed at its advanced stage and mainly occurs in the aged population. Neuroendocrine structures and glandular tissues are the most frequent location of such condition. Diagnosis relies on both immunohistochemical and histological examinations. Surgical resection is the most effective treatment, but the prognosis of this condition remains poor.
ABSTRACT
An unusual case of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma is described which posed a diagnostic challenge in view of neuroendocrine component mimicking signet ring cells of adenocarcinoma. Diagnostic criteria for these mixed tumors, their histogenesis and treatment modalities are highlighted.