Effects of 5G mobile phone radiofrequency radiation exposure on male mouse fertility / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To clarify the effects of 5G mobile phone radiofrequency radiation exposure on male mouse fertility and to preliminarily explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Healthy male C57BL/6 mice aged 7-8 weeks were randomly assigned to Sham group, 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation group, and 4.9 GHz radiofrequency radiation group, with 16 mice in each group. The mice were exposed to 3.5 GHz or 4.9 GHz mobile phone radiofrequency radiation for 42 consecutive days (1 h per day). The sperm quality was evaluated using sperm count, deformity rate, and motility. H&E staining was performed to assess testicular tissue structure by observing the morphology of spermatogenic cells at various development stages, the diameter of seminiferous tubules, and the thickness of seminiferous epithelium. The sperm mitochondrial function was assessed using sperm mitochondrial membrane potential and testicular ATP content. The fertility of mice was evaluated through fertility rate, litter size, and survival rate of offspring. The underlying mechanisms were explored by detecting the methylation of LRGUK gene and its mRNA and protein levels. Results Compared with the Sham group, there were no significant changes in sperm count in the 3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz groups; however, the sperm abnormality rate significantly increased (P < 0.05) and sperm motility significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The structure of testicular tissue, the function of sperm mitochondria, and fertility of mice showed no significant changes as compared with the Sham group. The methylation level of LRGUK gene in the testes significantly increased, while the mRNA and protein expression levels significantly decreased. Conclusion Exposure to 3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz mobile phone radiofrequency radiation for 42 consecutive days can lead to an increase in sperm deformity rate and a decrease in sperm motility in mice, but has no significant effect on fertility, which may be related to an increase in methylation level of the LRGUK gene in the testes.

Relationship between mobile phone addiction and anxiety among college students： the acting path of loneliness / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundAnxiety exists as a prevalent psychological problem among college students nowadays， which brings negative influence on their normal life. Mobile phone addiction and loneliness both have an impact on college students' anxiety. However， the acting path of loneliness between mobile phone addiction and anxiety requires further exploration. ObjectiveTo analyze the relationships among mobile phone addiction， loneliness and anxiety in college students， and to explore the acting path of loneliness between mobile phone addiction and anxiety. MethodsOn December 21， 2023， 1 400 college students from a university in Henan Province were selected， in accordance with the simple random sampling method， for investigation of this study. Questionnaire survey was conducted by using several scales including Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale （MPATS）， Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） and University of California Los Angeles-Loneliness Scale （UCLA-LS）. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between the scores of each scale above， and SPSS macro program Process 3.3 was used to test the mediation effect. ResultsA total of 1 239 valid questionnaires were collected， with an effective recovery rate of 88.50%. The MPATS score of college students was positively correlated with both SAS and UCLA-LS scores （r=0.474， 0.387， P<0.01）， and UCLA-LS score was positively correlated with SAS score （r=0.541， P<0.01）. The indirect effect of loneliness between mobile phone addiction and anxiety was 0.160 （95% CI： 0.118~0.173）， accounting for 33.97% of the total effect. ConclusionMobile phone addiction can positively predict anxiety among college students， and loneliness may act as the mediation path between mobile phone addiction and anxiety among college students.

Effects of emotional loss and cognitive loss on suppression control in college students with mobile phone dependent / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of mobile phone dependence on suppression control under the conditions of emotional loss and cognitive loss in college students.Methods:A total of 553 college students were recruited,and 108 in the mobile phone dependence group and 194 in the non-dependent group were screened with the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale(MPATS).Ninety-nine of them were selected to participate in experi-ment 1,and the effect of emotional loss on the inhibitory control,and 101 students were selected to participate in ex-periment 2 to investigate the effect of cognitive loss on the inhibitory control.The GO/NOGO paradigm was used to compare the correct rate and response of different mobile phones dependent on college students under different emo-tional and cognitive depletion conditions.Results:In experiment 1,the main effect of emotional loss was statistically significant[F(1,55)=6.16,178.91;Ps＜0.05],the inhibition control accuracy rates were lower and reaction tim-es were shorter in the high emotional loss group than in the low emotional loss group.In experiment 2,the main effect of the group was statistically significant[F(1,57)=17.90,19.06;Ps＜0.001],the accuracy rates of inhibi-tion control were lower and the inhibition control reaction times were longer in the mobile phone-dependent group than in the non-dependent group.The interaction between groups and cognitive loss types was statistically significant[F(1,57)=7.95,P＜0.01],and the inhibition control accuracy rates of the mobile phone-dependent group were lower under high cognitive loss.Conclusion:Emotional loss and cognitive loss could reduce the inhibition and con-trol ability of individuals,and the mobile phone dependence group is more likely to be affected in the case of cogni-tive loss.

Mediating role of peer relationships and self-esteem between family functioning and mobile phone dependency in middle school students / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To explore the predictive effect of family functioning on mobile phone dependency and clarify the mediating role of peer relationships and self-esteem.Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to collect data related to family functioning,self-esteem,and mobile phone dependency of 1 326 middle school students.SPSS 25.0 software was used to describe the data statistically and compare the differences among the demographic characteristics.Mplus 8.3 software was used to test the mediating effect of self-esteem on family functioning and mobile phone dependency of middle school students and the moderating effect of peer relation-ships.Results Family functioning negatively predicted the mobile phone dependency of middle school students(β=-0.291;95%CI:-0.361--0.224;P<0.001),self-esteem mediated the relationship between family functioning and mobile phone dependency(β=-0.066;95%CI:-0.096--0.044;P<0.001),and peer relationship moderated the mediating role of self-esteem between family func-tioning and mobile phone dependency(β= 0.117;95%CI:0.046-0.188;P= 0.001).Conclusion Family functioning directly affected mobile phone dependency and impacted mobile phone dependency through self-esteem.The mediating effect of self-esteem increases as peer relationships improve.

Psychological abuse and neglect in relation to mobile phone addiction in junior high school students： path analysis of self-esteem and interpersonal alienation / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundMobile phone addiction has attracted widespread attention in society， and psychological abuse and neglect is an important factor in predicting mobile phone addiction， whereas limited research has been done to evaluate its impact on mobile phone addiction. ObjectiveTo explore the correlation of psychological abuse and neglect with mobile phone addiction， and to test the pathway of self-esteem and interpersonal alienation， so as to provide references for preventing and curbing mobile phone addiction in junior high school students. MethodsIn May 2022， a cluster sampling was utilized to select 800 students in two middle schools in a county of Hainan Province， and all students were assessed using Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale （CPANS）， Mobile Phone Addiction Index （MPAI）， Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale （SES） and Interpersonal Alienation Scale of Adolescent StudentsAlienation Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to determine the correlation among the above-mentioned scales， and Process Macro 3.5 for SPSS was used to test the mediation effect. ResultsCPANS score was negatively correlated with SES score （r=-0.278， P<0.01）， and positively correlated with Interpersonal Alienation Scale score and MPAI score （r=0.471， 0.372， P<0.01）. SES score was negatively correlated with Interpersonal Alienation Scale score and MPAI score （r=-0.438， -0.196， P<0.01）. Interpersonal Alienation Scale score was positively correlated with MPAI score （r=0.392， P<0.01）. Interpersonal alienation （indirect effect value was 0.104） played a mediation role in the relationship between psychological abuse and neglect and mobile phone addiction. Self-esteem and interpersonal alienation exhibited a chained mediation effect on the relationship between psychological abuse and neglect and mobile phone addiction （indirect effect value was 0.026）， accounting for 6.99% of the total effect. ConclusionPsychological abuse and neglect can not only directly predict mobile phone addiction， but also can indirectly affect mobile phone addiction through separate mediation of interpersonal alienation or chained mediation of self-esteem and interpersonal alienation. ［Funded by High-level Talent Project of Hainan Natural Science Foundation （number， 721RC511）］

Relation between neuroticism and tendency of mobile phone addiction among nursing undergraduates： the mediating role of perceived stress and self-control / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundNegative effects of mobile phone addiction on undergraduate students have led to several health problems including depression， anxiety， attention deficit disorder， cognitive impairment and sleep disturbance. The undergraduate nursing students serve as an important reserve force of the clinical nursing work， and their poor psychological health would have a non-ignorable impact on the quality of the nursing work and the nurse-patient relationship in the future. ObjectiveTo investigate the relation between neuroticism and tendency of mobile phone addiction among undergraduate nursing students， and to examine the pathways through which perceived stress and self-control play a role in the relation by constructing a chain-mediated model. MethodsFrom February to March 2023， a total of 900 undergraduate nursing students across 10 universities in Xi'an， Shaanxi Province were selected through convenient sampling method. Several scales were adopted to assess undergraduate nursing students respectively， including the neuroticism subscale of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale for Chines （EPQ-RSC）， Perceived Stress Scale （PSS）， Self-Control Scale （SCS） and Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale （MPATS）. The assessment were conducted on multiple aspects of these students including neurotic personality， subjective stress， self-control and mobile phone addiction tendency. Model 6 in the SPSS Macro Process 4.1 was used to examine the mediating effect of perceived stress and self-control between neuroticism and mobile phone addiction tendency among undergraduate nursing students. Results① Among the 900 students， 314 cases （34.89%） were found to be addicted to mobile phones. ② The score of neuroticism subscale in EPQ-RSC of nursing undergraduates was positively correlated with the total scores of PSS and MPATS （r=0.400， 0.287， P<0.01）， and negatively correlated with score of SCS （r=-0.364， P<0.01）. The total score of MPATS was positively correlated with the total score of PSS （r=0.362， P<0.01）， and negatively correlated with the total score of SCS （r=-0.468， P<0.01）. The total score of SCS was negatively correlated with the total score of PSS （r=-0.515， P<0.01）. ③ Perceived stress and self-control performed partial mediation between neuroticism personality and mobile phone addiction tendency （with indirect effect values of 0.056 and 0.065， respectively， accounting for 19.72% and 22.89% of the total effect）. Perceived stress and self-control played a chain mediating role between neuroticism personality and mobile phone addiction tendency （with an indirect effect value of 0.064， accounting for 22.54% of the total effect）. ConclusionNeuroticism personality， perceived stress and self-control are confirmed to play important roles in mobile phone addiction tendency among undergraduate nursing students. Neuroticism personality not only directly affects the tendency of mobile phone addiction， but also affects their mobile phone addiction tendency through the chain mediating effect of perceived stress and self-control.［Funded by The 2020 Annual Project of the 13th Five-Year Plan of Education Science in Shaanxi Province （number， SGH20Y1386）］

Etude du paiement électronique des agents de santé: cas de la campagne de vaccination contre la rougeole et la rubéole en Côte d'Ivoire / NA

La motivation des agents de santé à travers le paiement à temps et complet constitue l'un des éléments clés pour atteindre de bonne couverture vaccinale. Notre objectif était de décrire le paiement électronique utilisé lors de la campagne rubéole-rougeole et d'apprécier la satisfaction du personnel de santé. Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale à visée analytique qui s'est déroulée en Côte d'Ivoire du 15 janvier au 18 février 2019. La population d'étude était constituée des acteurs impliqués à la fois dans la campagne de vaccination contre la rougeole- rubéole en 2018 et dans le paiement électronique. Une recherche documentaire et des entretiens structurés ont permis le recueil des données. Les données ont été analysées à partir du logiciel R studio© version 2021. Le système assurant le paiement électronique se composait des autorités sanitaires, d'un opérateur privé de téléphonie mobile, d'un partenaire technique et financier et des agents de santé bénéficiaires. Un système de critères d'identification, des listes de validation et de vérification à plusieurs niveaux de la pyramide sanitaire a été mis en place. Un peu moins de trois quarts des acteurs du niveau primaire ont été satisfaits par ce mode de paiement. Le paiement électronique constitue un procédé pour améliorer le paiement des agents de santé durant les campagnes de vaccination. Des leçons d'un tel système de paiement devraient être tirées pour un déploiement à grande échelle.

Motivating healthcare workers through timely and complete payment is one of the key elements to achieve high vaccination coverage. Our objective was to describe the use of electronic payment during the measles-rubella campaign and assess the satisfaction of healthcare personnel. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study in Côte d'Ivoire from January 15 to February 18, 2019. The study population consisted of individuals involved in both the measles-rubella vaccination campaign in 2018 and electronic payment. Data collection was done through documentary research and structured interviews. The data were analyzed using R Studio© software version 2021. The electronic payment system involved health authorities, a private mobile network operator, a technical and financial partner, and the beneficiary healthcare workers. A system of criteria for identifying lists, validation, and multilevel verification within the healthcare pyramid was established. Just under three-quarters of primarylevel actors were satisfied with this payment method. Electronic payment presents an opportunity to improve healthcare worker payment during vaccination campaigns. Lessons from such a payment system should be drawn for large-scale deployment.

Occurrence of dry eye in mobile phone users

Background: Most Indians today own one or more mobile phones. The average time of phone usage per person per day is 4.8 h and the excess usage of mobile phone is an emerging cause of dry eye. Although some studies have established this relation, not many studies focus on South India. Our study aims to highlight the South Indian population. Aim and Objective: To study the prevalence of dry eye among medical students of 18–25 years. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, whose participants are undergraduate medical students, both males and females, between 18 and 25 years. Schirmer’s test was done for each candidate after answering an Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. Results: The most frequent symptom reported by the participants at the time of answering the questionnaire was soreness and irritation of the eye (8%). The most common long-term symptom reported was burning and watering of eyes of tolerable severity (27%). Some participants experienced uncomfortable and bothersome eye fatigue. Conclusion: Dry eye in the form of symptoms of both dryness of eye and reflex epiphora is present in the population under study. About 76% of the study population use their phones for over 3 hours a day. The soreness and irritation of eyes, watering and burning of eyes are attributed to the mobile phone usage for more than 6 hours per day.

Effect of duration of per day exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone on verbal and visual memory in male adults

Background: Mobile phones (MPs) are mostly kept close to the head while making a phone call, and therefore, the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from MP may be potentially damaging to the brain and hence its neurological functions. Reports available on the effect of MP radiation on human memory is scarce and inconclusive so far. Aims and Objectives: The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of per day durations of EMR exposure through MP calls on verbal and visual memory using paper and pencil cognitive tests. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy right-handed male subjects within age group 18–40 years were recruited for the study and divided into two groups. Those making MP calls of more than 1 h/day were placed in the Group-A and those making calls <1 h/day in Group-B. Both groups were evaluated for verbal and visual memory using Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT) and playing card test (PCT) before and after exposure to EMR for 10 min. Statistical analysis was done by paired “t” test. Results: Group-B performed significantly better in RAVLT than Group-A. No significant difference was seen in PCT. After exposure to EMR from MP, the performance in PCT of both the groups deteriorated significantly. Conclusion: Longer per day exposure to EMR from MP affects verbal memory, while visual memory may be more susceptible to acute exposures.

Associations of mobile phone use with male semen quality and sex hormones / 环境与职业医学

Background Experimental studies have shown that radiofrequency electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phones can cause adverse effects on male reproductive health, including decreased semen quality and altered sex hormones. However, the results of epidemiological studies on the relationship between mobile phone use and male semen quality are inconsistent. Furthermore, there are few epidemiological studies on the association of mobile phone use with sex hormones. Objective To explore the associations of mobile phone use with male semen quality and sex hormones. Methods A total of 2045 men visited the reproductive medicine center of a hospital in Wuhan and ordered infertility examination were recruited from December 2018 to January 2020. Information on mobile phone use was obtained using a questionnaire. Among them, 1232 and 1694 men were eligible for semen quality analyses and sex hormone analyses, respectively. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of mobile phone use with male semen quality and sex hormones. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, there was no statistically significant associations of mobile phone use with sperm progressive motility, sperm total motility, sperm concentration, sperm count, or serum luteinizing hormone (P>0.05). However, serum total testosterone showed a declined tendency with increasing daily duration of mobile phone use (Ptrend=0.08). Compared with men with daily mobile phone use of 0-2 h, men with daily mobile phone use of 2.1-5, 5.1-8, and >8 h showed decreased serum total testosterone concentrations by 6.29% (95%CI: 0.40%-11.84%), 6.01% (95%CI: 0.60%-12.19%), and 7.87% (95%CI: 0.40%-14.79%), respectively. Conclusion Mobile phone use is not associated with male semen quality and serum luteinizing hormone, but increasing daily duration of mobile phone use is potentially associated with a tendency to lower male serum total testosterone.

Bio-effects of 5th generation electromagnetic waves on organs of human beings / 《全球健康杂志（英文）》

Objectives:The uses of devices of electromagnetic waves(EMWs)are increasing day by day.Similarly,the gen-eration of the waves is increasing.The frequency spectrum of the generation of waves is also increased.In this manuscript,an analysis of the high frequency EMWs has been made by the electric fields generated due to the exposure of 5th generation(5 G)of mobile phones. Methods:Due to the emission of waves from the towers,the electric field is generated around the transmission tower of mobile phones.The electric fields are computed by the power of the transmission tower.The electric fields across the biological tissues/cells are also computed when the EMWs penetrate inside the body.The electric fields are made across the organs of different depths inside the body. Results:The induced electric fields inside the organs of the human beings are responsible for the absorption of energy from high frequency EMWs.The absorbed amount of energy from high frequency waves may become the cause of harmful effects on the life of organs of human beings. Conclusion:In this manuscript,after analysis of the computed electric fields inside the organs of human beings,it is concluded that the EMWs of 5 G spectrum of mobile phone towers may more harmful for the life of organs as 4th generation(4 G)spectrum of mobile phone waves.The energy absorption by the 4 G spectrum is lower than 5 G spectrum due to the range of frequency of waves.The effects on the pancreas,retina,skin,intestine,spleen,stomach and uterus are more than low water content organs like nails,bone,teeth etc.

Potential categories of problematic mobile phone use and sleep quality in adolescents: the chain mediating role of interpersonal distress and depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore relationships between problematic mobile phone use and interpersonal distress, depression and sleep quality using a combined variable- and person-centered approach.Methods:From December 2021 to January 2022, a total of 851 middle school students were measured by the mobile phone addiction index scale, the college students interpersonal comprehensive diagnostic scale, the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale, and the Chinese version of Pittsburg sleep quality index. Common method bias test, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software, and Mplus 8.8 software was used to construct structural equation models for latent profile analysis.Results:The score of problematic mobile phone use was(47.23±14.50), the score of interpersonal distress was(8.72±5.68), the score of depression was(14.80±10.28), the score of sleep quality was(5.51±2.78). Variable-centered analysis revealed that problematic mobile phone use had a significant direct effect on sleep quality (effect value=0.22, 95% CI=0.11-0.34), accounting for 40.74% of the total effect. The mediating effect of depression was found between problematic mobile phone use and sleep quality (effect value=0.08, 95% CI=0.03-0.14), accounting for 14.81% of the total effect. Interpersonal distress and depression had a chain mediating effect between problematic mobile phone use and sleep quality(effect value=0.22, 95% CI=0.16-0.30), accounting for 40.74%(0.22/0.54) of the total effect. Person-centered analysis revealed that problematic mobile phone use was divided into three potential profiles: mild use group(26.1%), moderate use group(54.7%) and severe use group(19.2%). Depression(moderate use group: effect size=0.05, 95% CI=0.02-0.10; severe use group: effect size=0.07, 95% CI=0.02-0.12) and interpersonal distress-depression(moderate use group: effect size=0.13, 95% CI=0.09-0.18; severe use group: effect size=0.21, 95% CI=0.15-0.28) had a significant relative mediating effect between problematic mobile phone use profiles and sleep quality. Conclusion:Adolescent problematic mobile phone use is heterogeneous, with both variable-centered and person-centered results indicating that depression and interpersonal distress-depression mediated the effects of adolescent problematic mobile phone use on sleep quality.

Research progress on mobile phone addiction among high school students / 四川精神卫生

With the widespread adoption of smartphones， mobile phone addiction among adolescents has emerged as a challenging public health concern. This paper aims to undertake a comprehensive literature review on mobile phone addiction among high school students， both domestically and internationally. It primarily focuses on exploring the conceptual framework， measurement tools， epidemic status， influencing factors and intervention strategies associated with mobile phone addiction in this specific population， so as to provide references for interventions targeting mobile phone addiction among high school students， with the ultimate goal of reducing the incidence rate within this population. ［Funded by Sichuan Provincial Primary Health Development Research Center in 2022， North Sichuan Medical College （number， SWFZ22-C-89）， Mianyang City Social Science Research Key Base-Sichuan Mianyang Minor Psychological Growth Guidance and Research Center 2022 Annual Funding Project （number， SCWCN 2022YB07）］

The mediating effect of balanced time perspective between negative evaluation fear and mobile phone addiction among vocational school students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between negative evaluation fear and mobile phone addiction, and the mediating role of balanced time perspective.Methods:In April 2021, totally 1 158 secondary vocational school students were investigated by scales of fear of negative evaluation(FNE), mobile phone addiction index(MPAI)and Zimbardo time perspective inventory(ZTPI). The balanced time perspective was calculated by deviation from the balanced time perspective(DBTP). SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used for descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis of the data.Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect.Results:(1) Negative evaluation fear(37.87±7.71)was significantly positively correlated with balanced time perspective(4.50±0.75)( r= 0.379, P<0.01) and mobile phone addiction(46.11±11.92)( r=0.437, P<0.01). The balanced time perspective was significantly positively correlated with mobile phone addiction( r=0.475, P<0.01). (2) Negative evaluation fear directly and positively predicted mobile phone addiction( β=0.300, 95% CI=0.248-0.352). The balanced time perspective played a partial mediating role between negative evaluation fear and mobile phone addiction, and the mediating effect value was 0.137, accounted for 31.31%(0.137/0.437) of the total effect. Conclusion:The fear of negative evaluation can directly affect the mobile phone addiction behavior of secondary vocational students, and can also indirectly affect the mobile phone addiction by affecting the balanced time perspective.Good balanced time perspective can reduce the risk caused by the fear of negative evaluation.

Effect of basic psychological needs satisfaction on phubbing behavior among high school students: the mediating effect of fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the mediating roles of the fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction between the basic psychological needs satisfaction and phubbing behavior among high school students.Methods:In April 2022, a cross-sectional design survey was conducted on 14 666 high school students. All participants were evaluated by the basic psychological needs scales(BPNS), generic scale of phubbing(GSP), trait-state fear of missing out scale(T-S FOMOS) and mobile phone addiction index(MPAI). The SPSS 26.0 software was used to conduct common method deviation test, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis.PROCESS 4.1 was used to construct the model, and the Bootstrap method was used to test for mediating effects.Results:(1)Among the 14 036 high school students, there were 1 752 (12.48%) students who were addicted to mobile phones.There were significant differences in gender in the scores including BPNS(boy: 4.43±0.79, girl: 4.36±0.79), GSP(boy: 2.72±1.01, girl: 2.76±1.03) and T-S FOMOS(boy: 1.73±0.60, girl: 1.84±0.64), ( t=5.22, -10.58, -2.78, all P<0.01). Among different grades, there were significant differences in the scores of BPNS, T-S FOMOS, MPAI, and GSP( F=25.43, 39.50, 53.45, 14.59, all P<0.01). (2)Basic psychological needs score were positively correlated with fear of missing out, mobile phone addiction and phubbing( r=-0.432--0.294, all P<0.01). Phubbing were negatively correlated with fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction( r=0.744, 0.538, both P<0.01). Fear of missing out were negatively correlated with mobile phone( r=0.646, P<0.01). (3)The basic psychological needs satisfaction had a direct effect on phubbing behavior, and the effect value was -0.188 (95% CI: -0.173--0.204). The mediating effect of fear of missing out between the basic psychological needs satisfaction and phubbing behavior was -0.035(95% CI: -0.028--0.042). The mediating effect of mobile phone between the basic psychological needs satisfaction and phubbing behavior was -0.203(95% CI: -0.191--0.214). Fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction played a chain mediating role between them, and the mediating effect value was -0.134(95% CI: -0.125--0.143), which accounted for 23.93%(-0.134/-0.560) of the total effect. Conclusion:The high level basic psychological needs satisfaction can alleviate the occurrence of phubbing behavior. It may be achieved by decreasing fear of missing out and reducing mobile phone addiction.

A cross-lag study on adolescents' physical exercise behavior, self-control and mobile phone dependence / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship among physical exercise, self-control, and mobile phone dependence in adolescents.Methods:The entire group of random sampling method was used to extract 882 students from five junior high schools in Nanchang city from September 2020 to March 2021.A longitudinal survey was conducted using the sports activity rating scale, self control scale, and adolescent mobile phone dependence scale on all participants for 2 times with an interval for 6 months.The questionnaire results in the first stage were marked as T1.The questionnaire results in the second stage were marked as T2.SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used to conduct reliability analysis, common method bias test and Pearson correlation analysis on each variable in sequence.AMOS 23.0 was used for cross-lag analysis to explore the relationship among physical exercise, self-control and mobile phone dependence.Results:The score of physical exercise of adolescents was (17.71±5.62), the score of self-control was (51.48±9.71), and the score of mobile phone dependencies was (56.67±12.93). Adolescent physical exercise, self-control, and mobile phone dependence were all related to stability across time.There were positive correlation between T1 physical exercise and T2 physical exercise ( r=0.489), T1 self-control and T2 self-control ( r=0.482), as well as T1 mobile phone dependencies and T2 mobile phone dependencies ( r=0.498)(all P<0.01). Cross-lag analysis showed that: adolescent physical exercise behavior could unidirectionally predict self-control( β=0.197, P<0.01)and mobile phone dependence( β=-0.224, P<0.01) after 6 months, and self-control could predict the mobile phone dependence( β=-0.560, P<0.01) of junior high school students after 6 months.The mediating effect results showed that self-control had a mediating effect between physical exercise and mobile phone dependence of junior high school students, there were gender differences.The mediating effect accounted for 22.22%(-0.018/-0.081). Conclusion:Physical exercise can indirectly reduce the mobile phone dependence of junior high school students by affecting self-control.

Effect of radiofrequency radiation from 5G mobile phone on blood-brain barrier in mice / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of radiofrequency radiation (RF) from 5G mobile phone communication frequency bands (3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz) on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mice.Methods:A total of 24 healthy adult male C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) were randomly divided into Sham, 3.5 GHz RF and 4.9 GHz RF groups, and 8 mice in each group. Mice in the RF groups were systemically exposed to 5G cell phone radiation for consecutive 35 d(1 h/d) with 50 W/m 2 power density. The BBB permeability of mice was detected by Evans Blue (EB) fluorescence experiment. The expression levels of the BBB tight junction-related proteins (ZO-1, occludin and claudin-11) and the gap junction-related protein Connexin 43 were determined by Western blot. Results:The number of spots, fluorescence intensity and comprehensive score of EB were significantly increased in 3.5 GHz RF group and 4.9 GHz RF group compared with the Sham group ( t=12.98, 17.82, P<0.001). Compared with the Sham group, the content of S100B in mouse serum was significantly increased in 3.5 GHz RF group and 4.9 GHz RF group ( t=19.34, 14.68, P<0.001). The BBB permeability was increased in the RF group. The expression level of occludin protein was significantly reduced in the 3.5 GHz RF group ( t=-3.13, P<0.05), and this decrease was much profound in the 4.9 GHz RF group ( t=-6.55, P<0.01). But the protein levels of ZO-1, Claudin-11 and Connexin 43 in the cerebral cortex of the RF groups had no significantly difference in comparison with the Sham group( P>0.05). Conclusions:The continuous exposure of mobile phone RF at 3.5 GHz or 4.9 GHz for 35 d (1 h/d) induces an increase of BBB permeability in the mouse cerebral cortex, perhaps by reducing the expression of occludin protein.

Smartphone Use on Accommodation and Vergence Parameters: A Systematic Review

@#Introduction: The frequency and the trend of smartphone use increase rapidly, and 85% of Malaysians owns a smartphone and spend an average of 187 minutes per day to use the smartphone. Aims: To evaluate the potential effects of smartphone use on Accommodation and Vergence of the users. Methods: A total of 18 articles were selected in this review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the research question was formulated based on the population, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO) method. This review was registered with PROSPERO (reference number: CRD42022293325). Data Sources: Databases namely PubMed, Web of Science, and Science-Direct were used in the article search using appropriate keywords, phrases, and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. The inclusion criteria of this review were journal articles published from January 2010 until December 2021 with full articles or abstract in English available. Results: Accommodative function has been reported to changed significantly with 20 minutes of smartphone use, with reduced amplitude, facility, relative and increased lag. In addition, vergence function has been reported to be altered significantly with receded near point of convergence. Conclusion: Smartphone use has an effect on the accommodation and vergence parameters among adults. Assessments of accommodation and vergence parameters need to be conducted in patients with the symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome to prevent vision problems. Future reviews are required in younger cohorts with various smartphone features.

Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Mobile Phones and Fructose consumption Coalesce to Perturb Metabolic Regulators AMPK/SIRT1-UCP2/FOXO1 in Growing Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#In this study, the combined effect of two stressors, namely, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from mobile phones and fructose consumption, on hypothalamic and hepatic master metabolic regulators of the AMPK/SIRT1-UCP2/FOXO1 pathway were elucidated to delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance.@*METHODS@#Weaned Wistar rats (28 days old) were divided into 4 groups: Normal, Exposure Only (ExpO), Fructose Only (FruO), and Exposure and Fructose (EF). Each group was provided standard laboratory chow ad libitum for 8 weeks . Additionally, the control groups, namely, the Normal and FruO groups, had unrestricted access to drinking water and fructose solution (15%), respectively. Furthermore, the respective treatment groups, namely, the ExpO and EF groups, received EMF exposure (1,760 MHz, 2 h/day x 8 weeks). In early adulthood, mitochondrial function, insulin receptor signaling, and oxidative stress signals in hypothalamic and hepatic tissues were assessed using western blotting and biochemical analysis.@*RESULT@#In the hypothalamic tissue of EF, SIRT1, FOXO 1, p-PI3K, p-AKT, Complex III, UCP2, MnSOD, and catalase expressions and OXPHOS and GSH activities were significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) compared to the Normal, ExpO, and FruO groups. In hepatic tissue of EF, the p-AMPKα, SIRT1, FOXO1, IRS1, p-PI3K, Complex I, II, III, IV, V, UCP2, and MnSOD expressions and the activity of OXPHOS, SOD, catalase, and GSH were significantly reduced compared to the Normal group ( P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The findings suggest that the combination of EMF exposure and fructose consumption during childhood and adolescence in Wistar rats disrupts the closely interlinked and multi-regulated crosstalk of insulin receptor signals, mitochondrial OXPHOS, and the antioxidant defense system in the hypothalamus and liver.

The relationship between physical activity and interpersonal distress in college students: the chain mediating role of self-control and mobile phone addiction

Objective of the study Interpersonal relationships, as an important variable afecting the physical and mental health and future development of individuals, were used to construct a structural equation model between physical activity and interpersonal relationships in order to help college students better adapt to society and achieve a high level of mental health. Methods SPSS 27.0 software was used to statistically analyze the data, and Amos 28.0 software was used to construct the model between variables. The results showed that physical activity directly predicted the interpersonal relationship status of college students (ß= −0.108, 95% CI [−0.210,−0.005]), and the chain mediating efect of physical activity→self-control→mobile phone addiction tendency→interpersonal relationship distress was signifcant (ß= −0.012, 95% CI [−0.033,−0.003]). The results of this study suggest that physical activity may be viewed as an efective intervention strategy to mitigate the interpersonal challenges that college students may face in the future.