ABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the effect and mechanisms of modified Erchentang and Xuefu Zhuyutang on high-fat diet-induced apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Method:Ten C57/BL6J mice were taken as normal control group and fed with normal feed. Totally 30 ApoE-/- mice were fed with high-fat diet to establish a disease model for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the 30 ApoE-/- mice were divided into model group, Xuefu Zhuyutang group (hereinafter referred to as Huoxue group) and modified Erchentang group (hereinafter referred to as Huatan group) by random number table method, with 10 in each group. The normal group and the model group were intragastrically administered with normal saline. The drug-administered group was intragastrically administered at a dosage that was ten times of the adult dose, once a day, for 8 weeks. Serum and liver were collected after the end of the 12-week experiment. The serum lipid and liver function levels of each group were measured, and the liver pathological morphology was observed. Protein and mRNA expressions of liver inflammatory mediators interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), monocyte chemotactic factor-1 (MCP-1) were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) and Western blot. Result:The results of serum lipids and liver function showed that compared with the normal group, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the model group were significantly increased, while serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly reduced (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, serum TG ，LDL and ALT were significantly decreased, HDL was significantly increased in the Huoxue group (P<0.05). The serum levels of TC, TG， LDL, AST and ALT in the Huatan group were significantly decreased，HDL was significantly increased (P<0.05，P<0.01), and TG was decreased. The mice serum HDL in the Huatan group was higher than that in the Huoxue group. The serum ALT in the Huoxue group was lower than that in the Huatan group. The pathological observation showed that compared with the normal group, hepatocytes in the model group had severe steatosis with many lipid droplet vacuoles, suggesting that the mouse NAFLD model was successful. Compared with the model group, each administration group alleviated hepatocyte steatosis, with no significant difference between the two administration groups. Western blot and Real-time PCR results showed that compared with the normal group, protein and mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, and MMP-9 in the model group were significantly increased (P<0.05，P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the Huoxue group significantly down-regulated the expressions of IL-1β, MCP-1 protein and MCP-1 mRNA(P<0.05，P<0.01). The Huatan group significantly reduced the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-9, MCP-1 protein, TNF-α and MMP-9 mRNA(P<0.05，P<0.01). Conclusion:Modified Erchentang and Xuefu Zhuyutang can alleviate the therapeutic effect of NAFLD mice to a certain extent, modified Erchentang has a better therapeutic effect.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of modified Erchentang (Juhong Tanke liquid) on children bronchitis with syndrome of sputum, cough, dys-expectoration, wheezing and pulmonary function. Method:A total of 200 children patients aged below 24 months were randomly divided into control group and observation group by random number table, with 100 cases in each group. Children in each group received basic clinical treatment, while children in treatment group was also given modified Erchentang (Juhong Tanke liquid), 2-5 mL each time, 3 times a day. Both groups were treated for 15 days. Clinical respiratory tract symptom and sign scores, cough, sputum, dys-expectoration and wheezing were evaluated and compared. Pulmonary function was detected before and after treatment for 15 days. Analysis parameters were respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume per kilogram (VT/kg), inspiratory/expiratory (TI/TE), peak time of expiratory flow (TPTEF), time to peak ratio (TPTEF/TE), peak expiratory flow (PEF), volume in peak time of expiratory flow (VPTEF), volume ratio in peak flow (PFV), terminal flows per peak expiratory flow (25/PF), rate of mid-expiratory to mid-inspiratory flow (ME/MI), respiratory resistance (Rrs), functional residual capacity per kilogram (FRC/kg) and compliance per kilogram (Crs/kg). Result:After treatment for 5 days, both groups have obviously alleviation in sputum, cough, dys-expectoration wheezing and airway function. After treatment for 5 days, sputum, cough, dys-expiratory and wheezing in treatment group were all alleviated comparing with those of control group (PConclusion:Modified Erchentang (Juhong Tanke liquid) has shown marked efficacy in children bronchitis to alleviate clinical symptoms and improve pulmonary function, with no adverse reaction, and thus is worth further promotion and application in clinic.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the effect of modified Erchentang on the signal pathway of β2 adrenergicreceptor(β2AR)/arrestin beta 2(β-arrestin2) in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the expression of interleukin-17(IL-17) in serum, lung homogenate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Method: Seventy SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups:normal group, model group, modified Erchentang with high, medium and low doses (40, 20, 10 g · kg-1 · d-1), Xiaokechuan group (5 g · kg-1 · d-1), modified Erchentang group (5 g · kg-1 · d-1), 10 rats in each group. The rat model of COPD was established by smoking and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intratracheal drip. After successful modeling, the treatment group was given intragastric administration, while the normal group and the model group were given the same amount of saline. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of IL-17 in serum, lung homogenate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of rats. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR) was used to detect the expression of β2AR gene. Western blot was used to detect the expression of β2AR protein in lung tissue. The expression of β2AR and β-arrestin2 in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Result: Compared with the normal group, the expression of β2AR protein in lung tissue of model group was significantly decreased(Pβ2AR protein in lung tissue was significantly increased(PPβ2AR in model group was significantly lower(Pβ2AR in high, medium and low dose group, Xiaokechuan group and modified Erchentang group was significantly higher(PPPPConclusion: Modified Erchentang may increase the expression of β2AR and β-arrestin2 and decrease the content of IL-17 in order to resist inflammation and improve pulmonary function in COPD rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the effect of modified Erchentang on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) protein and gene expressions in lung tissue of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rat model, and the expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum, lung homogenate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Method: Seventy SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups:normal group, model group, high, medium and low-dose modified Erchentang groups (40, 20, 10 g · kg-1 · d-1), Xiaokechuan group (5 g · kg-1 · d-1), and Erchentang group (5 g · kg-1 · d-1). The rat COPD model was established through smoking and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After successful modeling, the treatment group was given drug by gavage, while the normal group and the model group were given the same amount of saline. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in serum, lung homogenate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) of rats were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR) was used to detect the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of PPARγ in lung tissue. Result: Compared with the normal group, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum, lung homogenate and BALF of the model group rats increased significantly (PPγ mRNA in lung tissue of rats in model group were significantly decreased (Pγ protein was significantly inhibited(Pα in serum, lung homogenate and BALF of each treatment group decreased to varying degrees(Pα in the middle-dose Erchentang group were particularly significant. The PPARγ mRNA and protein expressions in lung tissue of rats in each treatment group were increased to varying degrees (PConclusion: Modified Erchentang may improve pulmonary inflammation and pulmonary function in COPD rats by increasing the expression of PPARγ and the content of IL-10 and decreasing the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α.