ABSTRACT
La cirrosis determina un importante problema de salud en el mundo y forma parte de las 10 primeras causas de muerte. Cerca de 2.500 personas fallecieron en Ecuador en el 2016 a consecuencia de cirrosis hepática, es la séptima causa de muerte en nuestro país, según datos del 2016 del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos. Las principales causas de cirrosis descritas en el mundo son la infección crónica por virus hepatitis C, virus hepatitis B, alcohol, enfermedades biliares y enfermedad hepática grasa no alcohólica. La cirrosis se caracteriza patológicamente por distorsión de la arquitectura hepática debido a fibrosis hepática extensa y regeneración nodular. Existen diversos criterios de imagen para el diagnóstico de cirrosis, que incluyen: cambios morfológicos hepáticos y signos de hipertensión portal. En el hospital Carlos Andrade Marín, el 6 de mayo del 2016, se realizó el primer trasplante hepático. Hasta septiembre del 2018, se han realizado 54 trasplantes hepáticos de donante cadavérico (31 hombres, 23 mujeres)
Cirrhosis determines an important health problem in the world, and is one of the top 10 causes of death. About 2,500 people died in Ecuador in 2016 as a result of liver cirrhosis, is the seventh cause of death in our country, according to 2016 data from the National Institute of Statistics and Census. The main causes of cirrhosis described in the world are chronic infection with hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, alcohol, biliary diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cirrhosis is pathologically characterized by distortion of the hepatic architecture due to extensive liver fibrosis and nodular regeneration. There are several image criteria for the diagnosis of cirrhosis, which include: Morphological Changes in the Liver and Signs of Portal Hypertension. In the hospital Carlos Andrade Marín, on May 6, 2016, the first liver transplant was performed, until September 2018, 54 liver transplants from cadaveric donor (31 men, 23 women) were performed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Liver , Liver Cirrhosis , Diagnosis , Elasticity Imaging TechniquesABSTRACT
Describir y cuantificar alteraciones morfológicas en vellosidades placentarias de embarazadas cuyo feto desarrolló malformaciones esqueléticas múltiples. MÉTODOS: se analizaron cuatro placentas de abortos terapéuticos a las 13, 16, 20 y 38 semanas de gestación. Estas se compararon con placentas normales a la misma edad de gestación de abortos electivos por indicación médico legal. Tinción de hematoxilinaeosina se aplicó a 10 láminas de 5 regiones de cada placenta utilizando un protocolo con 4 variables cuantitativas: madurez, cambios fibrinoides, edema y fibrosis estromal y una variable cualitativa: trombosis. Los resultados cuantitativos se analizaron utilizando el análisis de varianza (ANAVAR) según arreglo completamente aleatorizado y el test de Tukey. Para la variable cualitativa se aplicó la prueba de tendencia para datos correlacionados. Se empleó el software statistix 8.0 y SAS 9.0 para Windows. RESULTADOS: existen diferencias significativas (p<0,05) entre las placentas asociadas a malformaciones múltiples del sistema esquelético y las placentas control en relación a las variables cuantitativas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (p>0,05) en relación a la variable cualitativa. CONCLUSIONES: la población de vellosidades placentarias asociadas a malformaciones múltiples del sistema esquelético presentó un alto porcentaje de alteraciones indicando que la barrera placentaria está dañada afectando el intercambio de gases, nutrientes y metabolitos durante el desarrollo del feto...
To describe and quantify morphological changes in placental villi in pregnancies with multiple fetal malformations of the skeletal system. METHODS: four placentas from fetuses of gestational ages 13, 16, 20 and 38 weeks, aborted for therapeutic reasons were examined. Normal placentas of the same gestational age, from cases where legal elective abortion had been recommended on medical grounds, were taken as the control. The hematoxilineosin stain was applied to ten slides in five regions of each placenta using a protocol with four quantitative variables: maturity of villi, fibrinoid changes, edema and stromal fibrosis and one qualitative variable: thrombosis. The quantitative results were analyzed using ANOVA in a randomized manner and the Tukey test was applied; for the qualitative variable the trend test for correlated data was used. The software used was Statistix 8.0 and SAS 9.0 for Windows. RESULTS: there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the placentas associated with multiple malformations of the skeletal system and control placentas in terms of the quantitative variables. No significant differences were found (p>0.05) in relation to the qualitative variable. CONCLUSIONS: the population of placental villi associated with multiple malformations of the skeletal system exhibited a high percentage of changes which is an indication that the placenta is damaged, thereby affecting the exchange of gases, nutrients and metabolites during the development of the fetus...
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Congenital Abnormalities/embryology , Fetus/abnormalities , Morphogenesis , Bone and Bones/abnormalities , Placenta/embryology , Chorionic Villi/abnormalities , Analysis of Variance , Fetal DevelopmentABSTRACT
In this work, the structural and ecophysiological alterations (chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments), and quantification of Cr, Pb and Zn in the leaf limb, petiole and younger and older roots of water hyacinth from the lower, medium and upper Paraíba do Sul river (PSR) and Imbé river were evaluated. The plants from the medium and upper PSR (more industrialized and populated regions) exhibited lower turgid cell in the root cortex, less root hairs and leaf epidermis, chloroplasts with plastoglobules and increased stroma volume. Higher concentrations of metals were observed in the younger and older roots from the medium PSR plants. The results suggested that the plants from more anthropized regions were able to maintain the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) which was a result from the metabolic fitting, increasing the non-photochemical quenching, reducing total chlorophyll/carotenoids and leading to the structural modifications.