ABSTRACT
Abstract@#Long-term use of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease can cause motor complications, which seriously impair the patients'motor function, reduce the quality of life, and aggravate the functional disability. Since there has been no effective treatment for motor complications, clarifying the influencing factors and prevention methods are conducive to reducing the risk of incidence and improving the quality of life of the patients. This paper summarizes the types and mechanism of motor complications of Parkinson's disease, the influencing factors ( levodopa dose, onset age, Helicobacter pylori infection and high protein diet ) and preventive measures ( psychological intervention, low protein diet, rehabilitation exercise and drugs ), so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of the disease.
ABSTRACT
In order to study neurotransmitter receptor regulation in the basal ganglia involved in the functional changes underlying levodopa-induced motor complications,quantitative autoradiography was used to observe receptor bindings of dopamine D1 and D2,N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA),amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) and amino butyric acid (GABA) in the basal ganglia of rats that had unilateral nigrostriatal lesions and had been chronically treated with levodopa until motor complications developed.The rats were randomly assigned to three groups:normal,denervated and treatment-complicated groups.The results showed that response duration to levodopa became progressively shorter and abnormal involuntary movement (AIM) score was progressively increased during the course of levodopa treatment.Chronic treatment augmented DI receptors more than denervation,and reduced D2 receptors that were also increased by dopamine denervation.Striatal NMDA receptors were substantially up-regulated in the treatment-complicated group.Levodopa treatment did not change receptors of nigral AMPA,pailidai GABA,and subthalamic GABA,which remained the same as that in denervation group.However,chronic treatment reversed the increase ofnigral GABA receptors caused by the lesion.It was concluded that a shortening of response duration and AIM mimicked levodopa-induced motor complications of Parkinson's patients.These data suggested that up-regulation of dopamine D1 and NMDA receptors in the striatum leads to an imbalance of stimulation through the striatal output pathways,which is associated with levodopa-induced motor complications.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of chronic levodopa treatment on characteristics of N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor subunit 1(NR1) on the neurons of striatum in rat models of Parkinsonism related motor complications.Methods Rat models(n=25)of Parkinsonism related motor complications were established and were randomly divided into solvent treatment group(n=5,intraperitoneal injection with vitamin C),levodopa chronic treatment group(n=10,intraperitoneal injection with levodopa for 23 d) and MK-801 treatment group(n=10,intraperitoneal injection with MK-801 on d 23 after intraperitoneal injection with levodopa for 22 d).Another 5 rats were served as controls(sham-operation group,n=5).Locomotion changes of rats in MK-801 treatment group were recorded,and NR1 phosphorylation in the other three groups was detected by Western blotting. Results After chronic treatment with levodopa methylester for 1,8,15 and 22 d,rats in MK-801 treatment group displayed shortened rotational duration and increased peak rotation.Compared with d 22,MK-801 both prolonged rotational duration and reduced peak rotation(P0.05).The expression of NR1,phosphorylated NR1S890,NR1S896 and NR1S897 in striatal membranes in levodopa chronic treatment group was increased compared with that of solvent treatment group(P