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@#Objective To analyze the safety of children of different ages vaccinated with measles,mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine(MMR in brief)/measles and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine(MR in brief)in Jilin Province from 2015 to 2022.Methods The actual vaccination data of MMR and MR from January 1,2015 to December 31,2022 were collected through the Jilin information management system for immunization programming,and all AEFI case information reported after vaccination with MMR and MR in this period was collected through the national adverse event following immunization(AEFI) monitoring and reporting system.The incidence rates of AEFI reports were compared among8-month-old children vaccinated with the first dose of MMR(MMR 8 group) and MR(MR8 group),18-month-old children vaccinated with the first dose of MMR(vaccinated with MR at 8 months old,MMR18-1 group) and the second dose of MMR(vaccinated with the first dose of MMR at 8 months old,MMR18-2 group) to preliminarily evaluate the safety of children vaccinated with MMR and MR at different ages.Results The reported incidence of AEFI in MMR8,MR8,MMR18-1 and MMR18-2 groups were 374.41/100 000,350.81/100 000,101.70/100 000 and 104.91/100 000,respectively,with significant difference among the four groups(χ~2=1 145.47,P=0.00);There was no significant difference between MMR8 and MR8,as well as MMR18-1 and MMR18-2 groups(χ~2=3.780 and 0.194,respectively,each P> 0.05);There were significant differences between MMR8 and MMR18-1,MMR8 and MMR18-2,as well as MR8 and MMR18-1groups(χ~2=920.440,412.110 and 1 021.120,respectively,each P=0.00).Most of the adverse reactions were general reactions,mainly fever,local redness and induration;A few were abnormal reactions,which were mainly allergic reactions(rash,papules,urticaria,etc.).Only one case of coincidence was reported in MMR8 group,and no psychogenic reaction,vaccine quality accident and vaccination accident occurred.All AEFI turned out to be improved or cured.Conclusion The differences of AEFI reported incidence of 8-month-old children vaccinated with MMR and MR were all small,and the difference of AEFI reported incidence of 18-month-old children vaccinated with the second dose of MMR was small regardless of the initial vaccination with MMR or MR.It is safe to use MMR instead of MR for the first vaccination in8-month-old children.
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Objective@#To monitor the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with combined attenuated live measles, mumps and rubella vaccines (MMR) in Huzhou City from 2015 to 2021, so as to provide insights into the implementation of the MMR immunization strategy.@*Methods@#All AEFI caused by MMR immunization in Huzhou City from 2015 to 2021 were captured from the AEFI Monitoring Information Management System of the Immunization Planning System of Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and the incidence, clinical features and epidemiological features of AEFI were analyzed descriptively.@*Results@#The reported incidence of AEFI caused by MMR immunization appeared a tendency towards a rise in Huzhou City from 2015 to 2021 (χ2trend=124.126, P<0.001). Totally 324 386 doses of MMR vaccines were immunized, and 317 cases with AEFI were reported, with an reported incidence rate of 9.77/104 doses. Following two-dose immunization, the reported incidence of AEFI caused by two-dose MMR immunization was significantly lower than by one-dose immunization (6.01/104 doses vs. 25.43/104 doses; χ2=113.692, P<0.001). The incidence rates of general reactions, abnormal reactions and coincidental events were 6.20/104 doses, 3.42/104 dose and 0.15/104 doses, respectively. Fever and allergic rash were predominant clinical manifestations of AEFI, and no vaccine quality accident, inoculation accident or psychogenic reaction were reported. There were 246 (77.60%) cases with AEFI within 24 hours following vaccination, and among children with AEFI, there were 173 boys (54.57%), and 200 children (63.09%) age ages of less than one year (63.09%). AEFI was reported in each quarter, and 99 cases (31.23%) were reported in the fourth quarter. The largest number of children with AEFI was reported in Wuxing District (78 cases, 24.61%).@*Conclusions@#The safety of MMR vaccination is high in Huzhou City. General reaction is the predominant AEFI, which mainly occurs within 24 hours following vaccination. Two-dose MMR vaccination does not increase the risk of AEFI.
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Objective:To evaluate the difference in safety and immunogenicity of live rotavirus vaccine (oral) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine immunized alone or in combination.Methods:This study recruited 1 752 children aged 8-9 months who had not been vaccinated with live rotavirus vaccine (oral) or MMR vaccine after birth. The subjects were divided into three groups: study group (652 subjects, immunized with live rotavirus vaccine and MMR vaccine), control group 1 (723 subjects, immunized with live rotavirus vaccine) and control group 2 (377 subjects, immunized with MMR vaccine). Local and systemic adverse reactions within 30 d after vaccination were recorded. Serum samples were collected before and 35-42 d after immunization for analyzing the changes in antibodies.Results:Immunization alone or in combination with live rotavirus vaccine (oral) and MMR vaccine achieved similar results in the positive rates and concentrations of antibodies against rotavirus, measles and rubella viruses ( P>0.05). Moreover, the positive rates and the concentrations of the three antibodies were increased after vaccination. Compared with the control group 2, the concentration of antibody against mumps virus in the study group was increased ( P<0.05), but no significant difference in the positive rate of antibody against mumps virus was found between the two groups ( P>0.05). The positive rate and the concentration of antibody against mumps virus were increased after combined immunization or immunization with MMR vaccine alone. The overall incidence of fever and diarrhea was 1.54% (27/1 752) and 0.63% (11/1 752). No other abnormal reactions, incidental reactions or adverse reactions of any clinical significance were observed. Conclusions:Live rotavirus vaccine (oral) and MMR vaccine immunized alone or in combination showed good immunogenicity and safety.
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Measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the measles virus. It is highly infectious and easy to occur in children. It causes many serious complications such as tracheitis， otitis media and pneumonia. Since the promotion of the measles vaccine in China， the measles epidemic has been effectively controlled. From June 1， 2020， the immunization procedure of measles-containing vaccine for children in Shanghai has been adjusted to one dose of measles， mumps and rubella combined live attenuated vaccine （MMR） at the age of 8 months， 18 months and 6 years. There is generally no local reaction after the injection of the MMR vaccine. A few individuals may have transient fever and scattered rash， which generally fade away by themselves. However， because it is a live vaccine， it may cause vaccine related diseases in extremely rare cases. This paper reports two cases of measles after vaccination with the MMR vaccine.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the dosage effect of measles， mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine （MMR） vaccination on seroprevalence of mumps. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among people in Changning District of Shanghai aged 1 month to 19 years old （n=1 816） in Mar.－Sep. 2017. Blood samples were analyzed for mumps antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoglobulin G （IgG） assays. ResultsMumps antibody seropositivity was 94.59% in 2 years old children and maintained at 98.18%-100.00% from 4 to 9 years old. The seropositivity began to decrease since 10 years， and it was 88.33% （95%CI： 81.20%-93.47%） at age of 12 years. In 12-19 years age group， individuals with 3 doses of mumps-containing vaccines had the highest seropositivity （93.88%） and individuals with 1 or 0 doses had the lowest seropositivity （68.75%）. ConclusionTwo-dose MMR immunization in Shanghai induces a sharp increase in mumps antibody levels in the corresponding age groups. The antibody levels decline gradually with time since the second dose. Vaccine dosage is positively associated with mumps IgG seropositivity and geometric mean concentrations （GMC） in 12-19 years old.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the dosage effect of measles， mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine （MMR） vaccination on seroprevalence of mumps. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among people in Changning District of Shanghai aged 1 month to 19 years old （n=1 816） in Mar.－Sep. 2017. Blood samples were analyzed for mumps antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoglobulin G （IgG） assays. ResultsMumps antibody seropositivity was 94.59% in 2 years old children and maintained at 98.18%-100.00% from 4 to 9 years old. The seropositivity began to decrease since 10 years， and it was 88.33% （95%CI： 81.20%-93.47%） at age of 12 years. In 12-19 years age group， individuals with 3 doses of mumps-containing vaccines had the highest seropositivity （93.88%） and individuals with 1 or 0 doses had the lowest seropositivity （68.75%）. ConclusionTwo-dose MMR immunization in Shanghai induces a sharp increase in mumps antibody levels in the corresponding age groups. The antibody levels decline gradually with time since the second dose. Vaccine dosage is positively associated with mumps IgG seropositivity and geometric mean concentrations （GMC） in 12-19 years old.
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Objective@#To analyze the surveillance of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) among 8-month-old children in Jiaxing who received measles, mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine (MMR) or measles and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine (MR) , so as to provide support for the adjustment of vaccine immunization strategy.@*Methods @#The AEFI information of MR (December 1, 2016 to April 30, 2018) and MMR (December 1, 2018 to April 30, 2020) was collected through National AEFI Monitoring Information Management System to compare the incidence, clinical features, occurred time of AEFI as well as combined vaccination.@*Results@#Totally 94 287 doses of MR and 79 994 doses of MMR were administered, 145 and 156 cases of AEFI were reported, and the incidence rate was 15.38/10 000 after MR vaccination, which was lower than 19.50/10 000 after MMR vaccination (P<0.05). Most reported AEFI were abnormal reactions, with 93 cases (11.63/10 000) after MR vaccination and 101 cases (10.71/10 000) after MMR vaccination, among which 72 cases (7.64/10 000) and 76 cases (9.50/10 000) respectively had allergic rash. The AEFI cases mainly occurred less than one day after vaccination, with 113 cases (77.93%) after MR vaccination and 125 cases (80.13%) after MMR vaccination. Most cases of AEFI were vaccinated with Japanese encephalitis attenuated live vaccine (JEV), with 103 cases (71.03%) after MR vaccination and 102 cases (65.38%) after MMR vaccination.@*Conclusions@#The MMR is safety for 8-month-old children in Jiaxing. Most AEFI cases had abnormal reactions, occur within one day after vaccination, and are vaccinated with JEV.
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Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine failure had been reported globally and here, we report that it occurs in India now. MMR vaccinated people have developed acute mumps accompanied by anti-mumps immunoglobulin M. Genotypic characterisation revealed that the circulating mumps strain was genotype C, which is distinct from the vaccine strain of genotype N (L-Zagreb). This is the first report in India to suggest that genotype C is responsible for the present mumps infection. Thus, the present MMR vaccine must be revamped and optimised for its efficacy to prevent any future mumps epidemics.
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Avaliou-se a Vigilância de EAPV (Eventos Adversos Pós-Vacinação) contra sarampo, caxumba e rubéola, no Espírito Santo, de 2002 a 2006, utilizando as diretrizes do CDC. O sistema de vigilância era simples. Apresentou boa aceitabilidade, estabilidade e flexibilidade. A qualidade dosdados e a oportunidade foram regulares. Sua representatividade e sensibilidade foram baixas e estava subutilizado. Nenhum dicionário de dados que relacionasse os nomes do campo da ficha de notificação de EAPV com o do sistema de informação (SI-EAPV) estava disponível. Asvariáveis não geravam dados necessários para a investigação do caso. Não estava claro que os casos de EAPV devessem ser notificados somente no SI-EAPV e não no Sinan de doenças exantemáticas (DE). Nenhum dos casos de EAPV identificados no SINAN/DE estava notificadono SI-EAPV. As principais recomendações são: criar dicionário de dados, incluir campos na ficha de notificação que permitam a completa investigação do caso no SI-EAPV, estabelecer o fluxo de informação entre os sistemas e orientar as equipes de saúde que o SI-EAPV é o sistema recomendado para a notificação.
We evaluated the post-vaccination adverse event surveillance (PVAES) for measles, mumps and rubella in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, from 2002 to 2006. We used CDC?s Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Disease Surveillance Systems. We found that the system is simple, itsacceptability, stability and flexibility were good. The data quality and opportunity is average. The system has low representativeness and sensitivity, and it is underutilized. The PVAES data form had no dictionary linking its names to the SI-EAPV (post-vaccination adverse eventsurveillance information system) database, and the variables did not generate the necessary data for case investigation. It was not clear that the adverse event cases should be reported only to SI-EAPV and not to the SINAN (Brazilian national communicable diseases informationsystem) for exanthematic diseases. None of the adverse event cases identified in SINAN were reported to the SI-EAPV. The main recommendations are: create data dictionaries, include sin the notification form to allow full case investigation, establish information flow between SINAN and SI-EAPV, and inform that adverse events after vaccination should be reported only to SI-EAPV.
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PURPOSE: The safety of MMR(Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) immunization to children with egg allergies has been debated for decades because the live attenuated virus used in the vaccine is grown in cultured chick-embryo fibroblasts. Many studies that investigated adverse reactions to MMR vaccine have been reported abroad, but there has been no report in Korean children. So, this study is aimed at determining the prevalence of positive reactions to skin test with the diluted MMR vaccine and the safety of MMR immunization in Korean children with egg allergies. METHODS: Twenty children who have atopic dermatitis or urticaria associated with egg allergies in Samsung Medical Center underwent prick and intradermal tests with diluted MMR vaccine. Then, we administered the vaccine to the children subcutaneously. RESULTS: One patient(5.0%) had a positive result on the prick test and five(25.0%) on the intradermal test. Urticaria was elicited after MMR immunization in two children(10%) who had past illness of urticaria. One of them had a positive result on the prick and intradermal tests, but the other had negative results on both tests. CONCLUSION: Although anaphylaxis did not appear in our study, adverse reactions to MMR vaccination can occur in children with egg allergies, regardless of skin test result to MMR vaccine, prick or intradermal. Thus, in children with a history of severe systemic allergic reaction to egg, it is safe to perform MMR vaccination in a tertiary medical center where emergency care can be taken appropriately.