Effect of applied muscle tension on improving vasovagal reactions among blood donors: a meta-analysis / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To systematically evaluate the effect of applied muscle tension (AMT) exercises on reducing vasovagal reactions(VVRs) among blood donors by meta-analysis. 【Methods】 Nine related databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched using "applied muscle tension" and "vasovagal reactions" as keywords to collect clinical studies on the effects of AMT exercise on VVRs during blood donation. Two researchers independently screened, evaluated the quality and extracted data from the retrieved literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.4 was used to conduct meta-analysis on the extracted data. 【Results】 A total of 7 articles were finally included, 5 in English and 2 in Chinese, covering 6 808 blood donors. The experimental group performed AMT during blood donation, while the control group did not. Compared with the control group, the difference in reducing the incidence of VVRs [ RR = 0.60, 95%CI (0.42, 0.87), P<0.01] was statistically significant in the AMT group. 【Conclusion】 AMT can effectively reduce the incidence of VVRs during blood donation. However, due to the limitation in the included studies, high-quality studies with perspectiveness, multicenter, large-sample size are further needed for validation in the future.

Mechanism of high-salt diet up-regulating TMEM16A-induced cerebral arterial remodeling in C57BL/6J mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the mechanism of high salt-induced cerebral artery remodeling in mice by up-regulating TMEM16A. Methods Forty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups (10 per group, 8 weeks of intervention), namely, blank control group (normal diet), low-salt group (2% high salt diet), medium-salt group (4% high salt diet) and high-salt group (8% high salt diet). HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of cerebral arteries; blood vessel permeability test was used to compare the color and absorbance value of brain tissue. Immunofluorescence was employed to detect TMEM16A expression in cerebral arteries of mice in each group; PCR and Western blot were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression of TMEM16A in cerebral arterial tissues; whole-cell patch clamp was use to record the calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) currents of mouse cerebral artery smooth muscle cells in each group. Results HE results showed that 2%, 4%, and 8% high salt diet could concentra-tion-dependently induce cerebral arterial wall thickening and lumen stenosis in C57BL/6J mice. The permeability test found that compared with the control group, the absorbance value of the brain tissue of the mice in the 2%, 4% and 8% high salt groups increased significantly. The results of isolated muscle tension showed that compared with the control group, the systolic response of isolated cerebral arteries to 60 mmol • L

Characteristics of paravertebral muscles in patients with unilateral lumbar disc herniation / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the imbalance of paravertebral muscle group for patients with unilateral lumbar disc herniation. MethodsFrom January, 2022 to January, 2023, 30 patients with unilateral lumbar disc herniation (observation group) and 30 healthy people matching in general data (control group) were measured the tension and stiffness of multifidus and erector spinae with MyotonPRO, while the observation group was assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and the time of disease was also recorded. ResultsThe mean of bilateral tension and hardness of multifidus and erector spinae was more in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 5.407, P < 0.001), and the tension and hardness of multifidus and erector spinae of the affected side were more than those of the unaffected side in the observation group (|t| > 11.219, P < 0.001). The tension and hardness of multifidus and erector spinae of the affected side were positively correlated with VAS score (r > 0.942, P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with JOA score (|r| > 0.886, P < 0.001). ConclusionThe tension and hardness of multifidus and erector spinae of the affected side increase after unilateral lumbar disc herniation, resulting in asymmetry.

Canales de iones potasio en la dinámica contráctil del músculo liso arterial inducida por Camphenol Plus

RESUMEN Introducción: El Camphenol Plus es un derivado clorofenólico empleado como medicación intraconducto durante los tratamientos pulporradiculares en Estomatología. Son escasos los reportes científicos sobre el papel de los canales de iones potasio en la dinámica contráctil del músculo liso arterial inducida por dicho medicamento. Objetivo: Determinar el papel de los canales de iones potasio en la dinámica contráctil del músculo liso arterial inducida por Camphenol Plus. Método: Se realizó una investigación experimental preclínica en el Instituto de Fisiología "Oscar Langerdorff", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Rostock, Alemania, entre octubre y diciembre de 2018, con el empleo de 30 anillos de aorta obtenidos de 10 ratas Wistar (n=10). Las preparaciones biológicas se colocaron en baño de órganos y se preactivaron con solución Krebs concentrada en iones potasio, registrándose luego la tensión desarrollada por el músculo liso vascular tras la adición de soluciones de Camphenol Plus durante diferentes intervalos de tiempo. Se utilizaron las pruebas de Wilcoxon y U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: El 31,4 % de la musculatura lisa vascular se relajó por acción del Camphenol Plus tras la preactivación con solución Krebs concentrada en iones potasio. El mayor descenso del tono vascular se produjo con el uso de soluciones del medicamento al 7 % entre el primer y tercer minutos. Conclusiones : El efecto vasorrelajante in vitro producido por Camphenol Plus sobre el músculo liso arterial está mediado por canales de iones potasio sensibles a voltaje, a calcio y a trifosfato de adenosina del endotelio vascular y el sarcolema.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Camphenol Plus is a chlorophenolic derivative commonly used as an intra - duct medication for pulporadicular treatments in Dentistry. Scientific reports about the use of this medication on the role of potassium ion channels in the contractile dynamics of induced arterial smooth muscle are low. Objective: To determine the role of potassium ion channels in the contractile dynamics of Camphenol Plus - induced arterial smooth muscle. Method: A preclinical experimental investigation was performed at the "Oscar Langerdorff" Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany, between October and December 2018. A total of 30 aortic rings obtained from 10 Wistar rats (n=10) were used. The biological preparations were placed in an organ bath and preactivated with Krebs solution concentrated in potassium ions, afterwards it was recorded the tension developed by the vascular smooth muscle after applying the Camphenol Plus solutions in different time intervals. The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test were applied. Results: The 31.4% of vascular smooth muscle was relaxed by the effect of Camphenol Plus after preactivation with Krebs solution concentrated in potassium ions. The greatest decrease in vascular tone occurred between the first and third minutes after the use of the drug solutions prepared at 7 %. Conclusions: The in vitro vasorelaxant effect produced by the Camphenol Plus medication on arterial smooth muscle is mediated by the potassium ion channels sensitive to voltage, calcium and the adenosine triphosphate of the vascular endothelium and sarcolemma.

RESUMO Introdução: Camphenol Plus é um derivado clorofenólico utilizado como medicação intracanal durante tratamentos pulporradiculares em Estomatologia. Existem poucos relatos científicos sobre o papel dos canais iônicos de potássio na dinâmica contrátil do músculo liso arterial induzida pela referida droga. Objetivo: Determinar o papel dos canais iônicos de potássio na dinâmica contrátil do músculo liso arterial induzida por Camphenol Plus. Método: Uma investigação experimental pré-clínica foi realizada no Instituto de Fisiologia "Oscar Langerdorff" da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Rostock, Alemanha, entre outubro e dezembro de 2018, utilizando 30 anéis aórticos obtidos de 10 ratos Wistar (n=10). As preparações biológicas foram colocadas em banho de órgãos e pré-ativadas com solução de Krebs concentrada em íons potássio, registrando-se então a tensão desenvolvida pelo músculo liso vascular após a adição de soluções de Camphenol Plus em diferentes intervalos de tempo. Foram utilizados os testes U de Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney. Resultados: 31,4% da musculatura lisa vascular relaxada pela ação do Camphenol Plus após pré-ativação com solução de Krebs concentrada em íons potássio. A maior diminuição do tônus vascular ocorreu com o uso de soluções medicamentosas a 7% entre o primeiro e o terceiro minutos. Conclusões: O efeito vasorrelaxante in vitro produzido pelo Camphenol Plus no músculo liso arterial é mediado por canais de íons de potássio sensíveis à voltagem, trifosfato de cálcio e adenosina do endotélio vascular e do sarcolema.

Dependencia endotelial del efecto de canfenol plus 3 % sobre el músculo liso vascular arterial / Endothelial dependence of the effect of 3 % camphenol plus on arterial vascular smooth muscl

RESUMEN Introducción: el canfenol plus, es un derivado clorado del fenol empleado de forma habitual como medicación intraconducto durante los tratamientos pulporradiculares en Estomatología. Son escasos los estudios en relación con sus efectos sobre el músculo liso vascular arterial y la participación del endotelio en estos. Objetivo: determinar la dependencia endotelial del efecto de canfenol plus 3 % sobre el músculo liso vascular arterial. Material y Métodos: se realizó una investigación experimental preclínica utilizando 26 anillos de carótida externa desprovistos de endotelio vascular. Las preparaciones realizadas se colocaron en baño de órganos, registrándose la tensión desarrollada por el músculo liso vascular tras la adición de acetilcolina, así como de soluciones de canfenol plus 3 % durante diferentes intervalos de tiempo. La dependencia entre ambas tensiones, se determinó a través de un modelo de regresión lineal simple. Resultados: tras la preactivación con solución Krebs concentrada de iones potasio, la adición de 10 μl de acetilcolina y canfenol plus 3 %, indujeron una discreta, pero significativa vasorrelajación de la musculatura lisa vascular. El modelo de regresión lineal elaborado, demostró la dependencia entre las variables tensión producida por acetilcolina y tensión producida por el fármaco al décimo minuto, corroborando la implicación del endotelio vascular en dicho efecto relajante. Conclusiones: el canfenol plus 3 %, produjo in vitro, un efecto vasorrelajante sobre la musculatura lisa de anillos de carótida externa, dependiente de endotelio y a partir de un factor relajante o hiperpolarizante derivado de este.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Camphenol plus is a chlorinated phenol derivative commonly used as intracanal medication during pulporradicular treatments in Dentistry. Studies in relation to its effects on arterial vascular smooth muscle and the involvement of the endothelium in them are scarce. Objective: To determine the endothelial dependence of the effect of 3 % camphenol plus on arterial vascular smooth muscle. Material and Methods: A preclinical experimental research was carried out using 26 external carotid artery rings devoid of vascular endothelium. The preparations made were placed in an organ bath, recording the tension developed by the vascular smooth muscle after the addition of acetylcholine, as well as 3 % Camphenol plus solutions during different intervals of time. The dependence between both tensions was determined through a simple linear regression model. Results: After pre-activation with Krebs concentrated potassium ion solution, the addition of 10 μl of acetylcholine and 3 % camphenol plus induced a discrete but significant vasorelaxation of the vascular smooth muscle. The linear regression model developed demonstrated the dependence between the variables tension produced by acetylcholine and tension produced by the drug at the tenth minute, corroborating the involvement of the vascular endothelium in that vasorelaxant effect. Conclusions: It is concluded that 3 % Camphenol plus in vitro, produced a vasorelaxant effect on the smooth muscle of external carotid rings dependent on endothelium and from a relaxing or hiperpolarizing factor derived from it.

Prevention of vasovagal response by applied muscle tension at different time points during blood donation / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the role and value of applied muscle tension (AMT) in preventing vasovagal nerve reaction (VVR) in blood donors. 【Methods】 A total of 2 992 people, susceptible to suffer VVR from May 2020 to may 2022, were randomly divided into control group (1406 cases) and observation group (1 586 cases). The control group was not given AMT intervention, while the observation group received AMT intervention at different periods during blood donation. The changes of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and psychological state of anxiety (self-rating anxiety scale, SAS) of blood donors were monitored in the two groups at each period to compare the occurrence of VVR. 【Results】 There were no statistically significant differences in blood pressure and heart rate between the two groups before blood donation (P>0.05). The parameters were relatively stable in observation group during and after donation, but significantly different from that of the controls(P>0.05). SAS score was similar in two groups before blood donation(P>0.05), while decreased in observation group during and after donation in comparison with the controls(P<0.05). The incidence of VVR in the observation group was 3.09%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (7.97%)(P<0.05). The incidence of VVR was 2.18% after AMT exercise during blood donation. 【Conclusion】 AMT intervention in different periods of blood donation can significantly reduce the occurrence of VVR.

Superiority of motor imagery acupuncture in improving muscle tension for patients with upper limb hemiplegia of stroke in early stage / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To verify the superiority of motor imagery acupuncture in improving muscle tension for patients with upper limb hemiplegia in early stroke.@*METHODS@#A total of 64 patients of stroke hemiplegia with upper limb flaccid paralysis were randomly divided into an observation group (32 cases, 1 case dropped off ) and a control group (32 cases, 4 cases dropped off ). The observation group was treated with motor imagery acupuncture (both acupuncture and motor imagery therapy at affected upper limb were performed).The control group was treated with acupuncture plus motor imagery therapy at affected lower limb, 2 h later after acupuncture, motor imagery therapy was applied to upper limb. Baihui (GV 20) to Taiyang (EX-HN 5) of healthy side, Fengchi (GB 20) and Jianyu (LI 15), Jianjing (GB 21), Quchi (LI 11), Waiguan (TE 5) on the affected side, ect. were selected in both groups, once a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, 4, 8 weeks after treatment, the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) grade and Brunnstrom stage were compared in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the muscle tension of shoulder, elbow and wrist each time point after treatment was increased in the two groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Motor imagery acupuncture could promote hemiplegia upper limb muscle tension recovery in patients of stroke hemiplegia with upper limb flaccid paralysis, make the patients gradually shift to the separate fine movement mode, inhibit and relieve the appearance and development of spasm.

Interpretation of therapeutic effect of / 中国针灸

Given that the biomechanical theory cannot well explain the therapeutic effect of

Dinámica contráctil inducida por p-clorofenol alcanforado en anillos aórticos de ratas Wistar / Dinâmica contrátil induzida por cânfora-clorofenol em anéis aórticos de ratos Wistar / Camphorated p-chlorophenol-induced contractile dynamics in aortic rings of Wistar rats

Introducción: El p-clorofenol alcanforado es un derivado clorofenólico de uso común como medicación intraconducto en Endodoncia. Son escasos los reportes científicos sobre sus efectos en la musculatura lisa vascular arterial y la regulación del flujo sanguíneo local. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del p-clorofenol alcanforado sobre la dinámica contráctil del músculo liso vascular arterial en el tiempo. Método: Se realizó una investigación experimental preclínica utilizando 14 anillos de aorta obtenidos de ratas Wistar. Los anillos se colocaron en baño de órganos y se preactivaron con noradrenalina, registrándose luego la tensión desarrollada por el músculo liso vascular tras la adición de p-clorofenol alcanforado durante diferentes intervalos de tiempo. Resultados: El 51,4 porciento de la musculatura lisa vascular se relajó por la acción del p-clorofenol alcanforado. El mayor descenso del tono vascular se produjo entre el tercer y quinto minuto de añadido el medicamento. Las pruebas de Wilcoxon de los rangos con signos evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre la tensión base inicial y la registrada en los diferentes intervalos de tiempo estudiados. Conclusiones: el p-clorofenol alcanforado, induce in vitro, relajación del músculo liso arterial a través de un acoplamiento excitación-contracción de tipo farmacomecánico, la cual se incrementa en función del tiempo(AU).

Introduction: Camphorated p-chlorophenol is a chlorophenolic derivative commonly used as an intra-oral medication in endodontics. Scientific reports on its effects in arterial vascular smooth muscle and local blood flow regulation are scarce. Objective: To determine the effect of camphorated p-chlorophenol on the contractile dynamics of arterial vascular smooth muscle. Method: An experimental and preclinical research was conducted with the use of 14 aortic rings of Wistar rats. The rings were placed in an organ bath and preactivated with noradrenaline, and the tension developed by the vascular smooth muscle at different time intervals was recorded after induction of camphorated p-chlorophenol. Results: Most of the vascular smooth muscle (51.4 percent) relaxed with the use of camphorated p-chlorophenol. The greatest decrease in vascular tone occurred between the third and fifth minute after use the drug. Wilcoxon rank tests showed significant differences between tension observed at baseline and those recorded at the different time intervals studied. Conclusions: Camphorated p-chlorophenol, induces in vitro, relax the arterial smooth muscle through a pharmacomechanical excitation-contraction link, which increases according to the time(AU).

Introdução: O cânfora-clorofenol é um derivado clorofenólico comumente utilizado como medicamento intracanal em Endodontia. Relatórios científicos sobre seus efeitos no músculo liso vascular arterial e na regulação do fluxo sanguíneo local são escassos. Objetivo: Determinar o efeito da cânfora-clorofenol na dinâmica contrátil do músculo liso vascular arterial ao longo do tempo. Método: Foi realizada investigação experimental pré-clínica com 14 anéis aórticos obtidos de ratos Wistar. Os anéis foram colocados em banho de órgãos e pré-ativados com norepinefrina, em seguida, a tensão desenvolvida pela musculatura lisa vascular foi registrada após a adição de cânfora-clorofenol em diferentes intervalos de tempo. Resultados: 51,4 porcento dos músculos lisos vasculares estavam relaxados pela ação do cânfora-clorofenol. A maior diminuição do tônus vascular ocorreu entre o terceiro e o quinto minuto após a adição do medicamento. Os testes de Wilcoxon das faixas com sinais mostraram diferenças significativas entre a tensão base inicial e a registrada nos diferentes intervalos de tempo estudados. Conclusões: O cânfora-clorofenol induz, in vitro, relaxamento da musculatura lisa arterial por meio de um acoplamento excitação-contração do tipo farmacomecânico, que aumenta em função do tempo(AU).

Disfonía por tensión muscular: concepto y criterios diagnósticos / Muscle tension dysphonia: concept and diagnostic criteria

Introducción. La disfonía por tensión muscular fue definida, desde 1983, como un desorden que ocasiona un desbalance en las fuerzas de tensión muscular laríngea sin evidencia de patología estructural o neurológica. Denominado también disfonía por tensión muscular, tipo 1, este desorden aún no tiene estandarizadas las características que en la práctica han sido consideradas parte de su diagnóstico.Objetivo. Revisar la información actual, no mayor a cinco años, sobre disfonía por tensión muscular para unificar criterios y diagnósticos actuales.Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática a través de las bases de datos PubMed, Google Scholar y Cochrane. Los términos MESH utilizados fueron: dis-fonía por tensión muscular, disfonía funcional, disfonía hipercinética y fatiga vocal. Criterios de inclusión: artículos publicados en revistas arbitradas, sin importancia del diseño y antigüedad no mayor a cinco años. Criterios de exclusión: artículos cuyo enfoque principal no fuera disfonía por tensión muscular y con idioma diferente al inglés o español.Resultados. Dos estudios refieren mayor patología en mujeres que hombres; cuatro investigaciones reportan presión subglótica aumentada (>90 mmHg); tres trabajos reportaron medidas fonatorias; un trabajo propone video de alta resolución como demostración de hiperfunción vocal; una investigación evaluó onda mucosa por elec-troglotografía; una investigación estudió el uso de resonancia magnética funcional; otro trabajo propuso un estudio piloto de evaluación de flujo sanguíneo de músculos infrahioideos. Otro trabajo hace una revisión del uso de métodos diagnósticos.Conclusiones. Los parámetros de mayor peso fueron pico cepstral y presión sub-glótica. Aún es necesario ampliar el conocimiento con nuevas investigaciones que permitan criterios universales

Introduction. Muscle tension dysphonia has been defined since 1983 as a disorder in which there is an imbalance in laryngeal muscle tension forces, without evidence of structural or neurological pathology; it has also been called type I muscle tension dysphonia. The characteristics that in practice have been considered part of the di-agnosis are not standardized.Objective. To review current information, not older than 5 years, on muscle tension dysphonia, unifying current diagnostic criteria.Methodology. A systematic search was carried out through the Pub Med, Google scholar and Cochrane databases. The MESH terms used were: muscle tension dys-phonia, functional dysphonia, hyperkinetic dysphonia, and vocal fatigue. Inclusion criteria: articles published in peer-reviewed journals, regardless of design and pub-lished no more than 5 years before. Exclusion criteria: articles whose main focus was not muscle tension dysphonia and with a language other than English or Spanish.Results. Two studies report more pathology in women than men; four investiga-tions report increased subglottic pressure (> 90 mmHg); three studies reported pho-natory measures; a work proposes high resolution video as a demonstration of vo-cal hyperfunction; an investigation evaluated mucosal wave by electroglottography; an investigation studied the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging; another work proposed a pilot study of infrahyoid muscle blood flow assessment: another work reviews the use of diagnostic methods.Conclusions. The parameters of greater weight were cepstral peak and subglottic pressure. It is still necessary to expand the knowledge with new research that allows universal criteria

Advance in Acupuncture Sites for Hypermyotonia after Stroke (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Hypermyotonia is commom after stroke and difficult to treat, which limits the functional activities of the patients. Acu-puncture is effective on hypermyotonia after stroke, and more and more approaches have been developed. This paper summarized the acupuncture from the profile of sites for hypermyotonia after stroke.

Reconstruction of philtrum using Muscle Tension Lines Group in microform cleft lip / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#This study is to investigate the effectiveness of philtrum repairment for-microform cleft lip, using muscle tension line group reconstruction.@*Methods@#This is a retrospective study of 19 consecutively primary microform cleft lip repairment patients, from January 2015 to December 2017. All the patients were provided muscle tension line reconstruction (group 1) or traditional muscle repairment by horizontal mattress sutures (group 2). The philtral ridge and dimple were evaluated by scores. The statistical analyses were performed using unpaired t-test by Prism 6.0 software.@*Results@#The philtral ridge score was higher in group 1 than group 2 (4.15±0.56 vs. 2.73±0.32, P<0.01). The philtral dimple score of group 1 increased either, when compared with group 2 (2.36±0.50 vs.1.45±0.28, P=0.0004).@*Conclusions@#Functional reconstruction of philtrum, using muscle tension line group repair, has satisfactory results in philtral ridge and philtral dimple.

Trilobate flap combined with reconstruction of nasal-labial Muscle Tension Lines Group theory in unilateral cleft lip repair / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#This study is to investigate the outcome of unilateral cleft lip repairment using trilobate flap and nasal-labial muscle tension system reconstruction.@*Methods@#From January 2015 to December 2017, 264 children with unilateral cleft lip were performed cheiloplasty. For all the patients, trilobate flap was adopted. The tension lines group among nasal-labial muscles were reconstructed following a three-dimensional pattern. Long-term results were evaluated using postoperative photos. Three measurements were collected, to compare the nasolabial contour on the cleft side and noncleft side.@*Results@#Six to 12 months follow-up was completed in 112 patients. Asymmetry percentage of lip height was (2.98±1.65)%, while nostril width ratio was 1.02±0.05, and nostril height ratio was 0.94±0.04. Aesthetic contour of vermillion and philtrum were satisfied.@*Conclusions@#Trilobate flap technique combined with the reconstruction of nasal-labial muscle tension system have reliable effect on unilateral cleft lip repair. With proper application, satisfactory and stable outcomes can be achieved.

Analysis of the mechanism of lesser-form cleft lip: based on the Muscle Tension Lines Group theory / 中华整形外科杂志

Due to insufficient understanding of the mechanism of the lesser-form cleft lip in clinical practice, the " muscle anatomical reduction" method, which is the general treatment option for the typical cleft lip, is also preferred for the treatment of lesser-form cleft lip, and the repair effect is often far from the patient′s expectation. Based on the anatomical study and clinical observation of the lesser-form cleft lip in more than ten years, the author systematically describes the characteristics regarding the disarrangement of muscle and explains the confusing clinical features of the lesser-form cleft lip. In addition, the pathological mechanism of the lesser-form cleft lip is further classified, and the muscle biomechanical biomimetic repair technique of this defect-" Yin′s nasolabial muscle frame" is proposed to guide clinical operations. This article preliminarily summarizes the author′s new understanding of the lesser-form cleft lip in recent years. The nasolabial Muscle Tension Lines Group(MTLG) theory is applied to analyze and solve puzzles in the lesser-form cleft lip. This process itself also serves as a clinical practice test of the MTLG theory.

Clinical Application of Botulinum Toxin to Functional Dysphonia

Functional dysphonia (FD) is a disease entity which includes various voice disorders in the absence of structural or neurologic laryngeal pathology. Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD), psychogenic dysphonia are representative FD with completely different pathogenesis. Therefore there is no standard treatment modality for FD, the first step of treatment of FD is differentiating patient's voice symptoms from other organic voice disorders and other functional voice problems. MTD is a functional voice disorder caused by hyperfunction of intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal musculature. Symptoms include increased vocal effort, roughness, fatigue and odynophonia. First line for MTD is indirect or direct voice therapy. Unfortunately, many patients with MTD improve with voice therapy alone. For these patients, various modalities tried; lidocaine application, surgical excision of the false vocal folds, and botulinum toxin injection, etc. Botulinum toxin injections are widely used in the field of otolaryngology, especially for spasmodic dysphonia. However, its use in FD or MTD has only been described in few case reports. The aim of this lecture is to evaluate the feasibility of botulinum toxin injection for FD, especially MTD.

First auxiliary muscle tension line group reconstruction for nostril sill repair in cleft lip patients / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#This study is to repair nostril sill deformity in the cleft lip patients by reconstructing the first auxiliary muscle tension line group and to assess the therapeutic outcome.@*Methods@#437 cleft lip patients with nostril sill deformity underwent the surgery from January 1, 2012 to November 1, 2016.They were treated using the technique of first auxiliary muscle tension line group reconstruction to repair the deformity. Aesthetic correction evaluations were rated by the GAIS. Random digit was used to randomly select 24 patients during the follow-up for three-dimensional measurement and analysis. The preoperative and postoperative symmetry of the nostril sills were evaluated by paired t test.@*Results@#Mucosal ischemia or wound infection occurred in 11 cases, left obvious scar on the nostril floor. Surgical incisions of the other patients were primary healing. After 6 months to 3 years follow up, GAIS questionnaires of 378 patients demonstrated that 84% patients reported great or moderate improvement of nostril sills. Three-dimensional measurements of 24 patients suggested that there were no significant differences of the nostril sill and the nasal ala between the cleft side and the normal side.@*Conclusions@#First auxiliary tension line group reconstruction, which is to restore biomechanical balance rather than merely increase muscle volume, is an effective method of nostril sill repair in the cleft lip patients. Post-operatively, the patients achieved a stable and natural nostril sill, a middle columella, as well as a narrowed nasal ala.

The effect of body weight supported treadmill training and muscle tone on motor function of lower extremi-ties of stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the effect of body weight supported treadmill training ( BWSTT) on func-tion of lower extremities in stroke survivors, and analyze the influence of quadriceps femoris muscle tone on the thera-peutic effect of BWSTT. Methods Thirty-six stroke survivors were randomly divided into a BWSTT group and a conventional therapy group ( CT group) according to a random number table, each of 18. Both groups were given rou-tine rehabilitation training, while the BWSTT group was additionally provided with BWSTT for 4 weeks. Before and af-ter the treatment, Fugl-Meyer assessment for lower extremity (FMMS-LE), Berg balance scale (BBS) and Holden walking function rating scale ( Holden) were used to assess the motor function of lower extremities, balance function and walking ability of both groups. Meanwhile, the patients in BWSTT group were further divided into a mild-spasm subgroup and a seriously-spasm subgroup according to the modified Ashworth scale assessment result of quadriceps muscle, and the results of their efficacy indexes were further compared. Results No significant difference was found in the average FMMS-LE, Berg and Holden scores between the BWSTT group and CT group before the treat-ment ( P>0.05) . However, significantly improvement was found in all the above measurements of both groups after the treatment ( P<0.05) . Further comparison found that the FMMS score of the lower extremities and Holden grading in the BWSTT group improved more significantly compared with the CT group ( P<0.05) , while no significant differ-ences were found in the Berg score between the two groups ( P>0.05) . The change of FMMS (△FMMS) and Holden (△Holden) after treatment in the mild-spasm subgroup increased more significantly compared with those in the seri-ously-spasm subgroup, but no significant differences were observed regarding the change of Berg (△Berg) between the two subgroups. Conclusions BWSTT can significantly improve the motor function of lower extremities, balance function and walking ability of stroke survivors. However, hypertone of quadriceps femoris might have adverse effects on the therapeutic effect of BWSTT.

Preliminary Study on Physiological Mechanism of "Treating Waist by Abdominal Massage Therapy" / 中国中医药信息杂志

This article discussed the possible physiological mechanism of "treating waist by abdominal massage therapy" from the perspectives of TCM and modern medicine, and analyzed the effects of abdominal massage from the nerve, fascia, visceral, muscle and other aspects, with a purpose to elucidate that the occurrence of relevant diseases may be caused by a variety of factors, and different massage techniques have different effects on the body.

Effects of acupuncture on muscle tension of lower limb in children with spastic cerebral palsy / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of acupuncture at different acupoints in meridians and meridians on lower limb muscle tension in children with spastic cerebral palsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety children with spastic cerebral palsy aged between 2 to 6 years old were divided into a yin-meridian group, a yang-meridian group and a rehabilitation group, 30 cases in each one. The patients in the rehabilitation group were treated with routine rehabilitation treatment; the patients in the yin-meridian group were treated with routine rehabilitation treatment and acupuncture at Xuehai (SP 10), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taixi (KI 3) and Taichong (LR 3) along meridians; the patients in the yang-meridian group were treated with routine rehabilitation treatment and acupuncture at Futu (ST 32), Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Guangming (GB 37) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) along meridians. All the three groups were treated once each other day, 10 times as one course, and totally 20-day treatment was given. Before and after treatment, modified Ashworth scale (MAS), clinical spasm index (CSI) and integrated electromyography (iEMG) of surface electromyogram of gastrocnemius muscle were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared before treatment, the MAS and CSI in the yin-meridian group and yang-meridian group were improved after treatment (<0.05, <0.01); the differences before and after treatment in the rehabilitation group were not significant (both >0.05). After treatment, the differences between the rehabilitation group and yin-meridian group, yang-meridian group were significant (<0.05, <0.01); the differences of MAS and CSI between the yin-meridian group and yang-meridian group were not significant (both >0.05). Compared before the treatment, the right-side iEMG and left-side iEMG were reduced in the yin-meridian group and yang-meridian group (all <0.05); the right-side iEMG was increased in the rehabilitation group (<0.05). After treatment, the iEMG in the yin-meridian group and yang-meridian group were lower than that in the rehabilitation group (all <0.05); the differences of iEMG before and after treatment in the yin-meridian group and yang-meridian group were higher than that in the rehabilitation group (all <0.05); the differences of iEMG between the yin-meridian group and yang-meridian group were not significant (both >0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture at meridians and meridians could reduce muscle tension of lower limb and improve limb spasticity in children with spastic cerebral palsy, and the two acupuncture methods have similar clinical curative effect.</p>

Clinical observation on the muscle tension staged acupuncture for stroke hemiplegia / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical curative effect of muscle tension staged acupuncture and conventional acupuncture in the treatment of stroke hemiplegia.@*METHODS@#Sixty-two patients with stroke hemiplegia were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 31 cases in each one. In the observation group, the muscle tension staged acupuncture was given, the six stages of Brunnstrom were classified as relaxation period and spasmodic period. The (consciousness-restoring resuscitation) combined with the hand and foot meridian acupuncture were applied at Shuigou (GV 26), Jianyu (LI 15), Quchi (LI 11), Shousanli (LI 10), Hegu (LI 4), Liangqiu (ST 34), Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Jiexi (ST 41) during relaxation period; mainly by hand and foot meridian and meridian, the acupoints were Jianliao (TE 14), Tianjing (TE 10), Waiguan (TE 5), Yangchi (TE 4), Houxi (SI 3), Huantiao (GB 30), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Chengshan (BL 57), Xuanzhong (GB 39), Shenmai (BL 62), Qiuxu (GB 40) during spasmodic period. In the control group, referring to 's , mainly by hand meridian, the governor vessel and foot meridian, phasing was not considered in the acupuncture treatment plan. Both groups were treated one time a day for 4 weeks. The neurological deficit scores were observed before and after treatment of the two groups and the efficacy was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#There was one case dropped in each group. After treatment, the neurological deficit scores of the two groups was lower than those before treatment (both <0.05), and the observation group was lower than the control group (<0.05). The cured and markedly effective rate was 66.7% (20/30) in the observation group, which was higher than 36.7% (11/30) in the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The muscle tension staged acupuncture is better than the conventional acupuncture for the treatment of stroke hemiplegia.