ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT For an important and expensive crop such as corn, the resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith to various pesticides has led to research throughout the world for a potential insecticide from a natural source. For the management of pest resistance, natural compounds associated with synthetic insecticides can be a promising tool because they can reduce the application of the synthetics molecules while maintaining their effectiveness and promoting the control of the pests. Linalool is a potential insecticide that is easily obtained because it is found in high concentrations in the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of this essential oil and its combination with deltamethrin to control S. frugiperda. Through dose response assays, the acute toxicities (LD50) of the essential oil and deltamethrin were estimated. Additionally, the combination of these materials was also assessed, attaining a reduction of 80% of the LD50 of deltamethrin while obtaining the same result as when the pyrethroid was administered alone. From these results, it is expected that the combination of natural compounds and synthetic insecticides will be a promising practice, helping to manage resistance while reducing the environmental impact of toxic compounds.
RESUMO Para uma cultura importante e expressiva como o milho, a resistência de Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith a vários inseticidas atraiu a atenção no mundo para pesquisar o potencial inseticida de compostos naturais. Para o manejo da resistência, os compostos naturais associados a inseticidas sintéticos podem ser uma ferramenta promissória por reduzirem a aplicação das moléculas sintéticas para que não percam sua eficácia, além de promover o controle das pragas. O linalol é um terpenoide considerado como inseticida potencial, pode ser facilmente obtido naturalmente uma vez que é encontrado em alta concentração no óleo essencial de Ocimum basilicum. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade deste óleo essencial e sua combinação com deltametrina no controle de Spodoptera frugiperda. Através do ensaio de dose-resposta, foi estimada a toxicidade aguda (DL50) do óleo essencial e da deltametrina. Adicionalmente, foi também avaliada a combinação entre ambos, alcançando uma redução de 80% da DL50 de deltametrina para se obter o mesmo resultado quando o piretroide foi administrado sozinho. A partir dos nossos resultados, espera-se que uma combinação de uso de compostos naturais e inseticidas sintéticos possa ser uma prática promissora, auxiliando no manejo da resistência de pragas e principalmente reduzindo os impactos ambientais de compostos tóxicos.
ABSTRACT
Spodoptera frugiperda, conhecida como lagarta-do-cartucho, é considerada uma das principais pragas do milho. Como medida alternativa aos agroquímicos, o uso de plantas inseticidas, além de preservar o ambiente, reduz os custos de produção e torna-se uma prática adequada para a agricultura sustentável. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ação inseticida de extratos aquosos de folhas de eucalipto (Eucaplyptus robusta), guaco (Mikania laevigata)e folhas e frutos de pimenta (Capsicum baccatum). Os extratos a 10% foram incorporados em dieta artificial de Spodoptera frugiperda, mantidas em condições de laboratório (26 ± 2°C, umidade relativa de 60 ± 5% e fotofase de 16 horas). Foram utilizados 5 tratamentos com 4 repetições cada, sendo 15 lagartas por repetição. Avaliaram-se a duração da fase larval, mortalidade diária, peso das lagartas ao 10o dia e das pupas após 24 horas e quantidade de machos e fêmeas. Observou-se que os extratos de E. robusta e folhas de C. baccatum resultaram em maior mortalidade e menor peso na fase larval, sendo promissores para testes em campo no controle dessa praga.(AU)
Spodoptera frugiperda, fall armyworm, is considered as one of the main pests of corn crops. As an alternative measure to pesticides, the use of insecticidal plants, aside from protecting the environment, reduces production costs and becomes a practice of sustainable agriculture. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the insecticidal action of aqueous leaf extracts of Eucaplyptus robusta, Mikania laevigata and leaves and fruits of Capsicum baccatum, when incorporated into artificial diet for Spodoptera frugiperda, maintained under laboratory conditions (26 ± 2°C, relative humidity of 60 ± 5% and photoperiod of 16 hours). Larval stage duration, daily mortality, weight of larvae on the 10th day and of pupae after 24 hours were verified, as well as daily mortality of larvae. It was observed that the extracts of E. robusta and leaves of C. baccatum showed higher mortality and lower weight in the larval stage, and are promising for field tests to control this pest.(AU)
Subject(s)
Capsicum , Pest Control, Biological , Spodoptera/pathogenicity , Zea mays , Eucalyptus , Insecticides/economicsABSTRACT
An interest in natural products from plants has been increased due to the disruption of natural biological control systems, undesirable effects on non-target organisms, environmental hazards, and the development of resistance to synthetic insecticides, which are applied in order to reduce the populations of insects. Essential oils (EOs) from plants may be an alternative source of insect control agents, since they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds that are biodegradable into nontoxic products and potentially suitable for use in integrated management programs. These materials may be applied to food crops shortly before harvest without leaving excessive residues. Furthermore, medically safe of these plant derivatives has emphasized also. For these reasons, much effort has been focused on plant EOs and their constituents as potential sources of insect control agents. In this context, Myrtaceae family would rank among the most important families of plants. In the last few years more and more studies on the insecticidal properties of EOs from Myrtaceae family have been published and it seemed worthwhile to compile them. Therefore, the subject matter of this paper lies on the insecticidal effects of EOs from Myrtaceae and their compounds in insect pest's control. Natural essences of Myrtaceae plants owe its insecticidal action to the presence in its composition of terpenic derivatives such as 1.8-cineole, limonene, linalool, myrcene, terpineol, thymol and α-pinene, which have introduced as potential insecticides. These review indicated that pesticides based on Myrtaceae essential oils could be used in a variety of ways to control a large number of insect pests.
ABSTRACT
Objetivou-se testar a atividade inseticida de pós vegetais em Sitophilus zeamais. Foram testados os pós de Anadenanthera colubrina (folhas); Annona muricata (sementes); Azadirachta inidica (folhas e flores); Caesalpinia pyramidalis (folhas), Chenopodium ambrosioides (folhas e flores); Cymbopogon sp.(folhas); Cymbopogon citratus (folhas); Momordica charantia (folhas e frutos); Piper nigrum (sementes); e Ricinus communis (folhas). Além disso, avaliou-se o potencial inseticida de folhas e flores de C. ambrosioides em diferentes dosagens. Na avaliação de repelência foi estabelecido um índice de preferência, e utilizado o teste t para comparação das médias das espécies vegetais. Também foi realizada a comparação das médias das plantas que foram classificadas como repelentes. Para avaliação da mortalidade, procedeu-se a análise de variância e a comparação das médias pelo teste de Tukey e também o teste t para comparação das médias dos tratamentos C. ambrosioides e P. nigrum. Os dados de emergência foram analisados pelo teste de Tukey. Para avaliar os dados de mortalidade, ocasionados por C. ambrosioides, determinou-se a CL50 utilizando a análise de Probit. Os dados de emergência foram verificados pela análise de regressão. As plantas que provocaram repelência foram Cymbopogon sp., C. citratus e C. ambrosioides. A planta que mais afetou a sobrevivência da praga foi C. ambrosioides, que provocou mortalidade total dos insetos infestantes e nenhuma emergência. Adultos de S. zeamais são mais suscetíveis a concentração de 0,125 g do pó de C. ambrosioides.
Effect of plant powders on Sitophilus zeamais (Mots., 1855) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The objective of the present study was to test the insecticidal activity of vegetable powders on Sitophilus zeamais. Powders of Anadenanthera colubrina (leaves); Annona muricata (seed); Azadirachta inidica(leaves and flowers);Caesalpinia pyramidalis(leaves);Chenopodium ambrosioides (leaves and flowers);Cymbopogon sp. (leaves);Cymbopogon citratus (leaves); Momordica charantia (leaves and fruits);Piper nigrum (seed); andRicinus communis (leaves) were evaluated. In addition, we evaluated the insecticidal potential of leaves and flowers of C. ambrosioidesat different dosages. In the evaluation of repellency a preference index was established, and the t test was used to compare the means of plant species. The means of plants that were classified as repellent were also compared. To assess mortality, we proceeded with the analysis of variance and comparison of means by Tukey test and also the t test for comparing the means of the C. ambrosioides and P. nigrum treatments. The emergence data were analyzed by Tukey test. To evaluate the data on mortality caused by C. ambrosioides, the CL50 was determined using Probit analysis. The emergence data were verified by regression analysis. Plants that caused repellency were Cymbopogon sp., C. citratusand C. ambrosioides. The plant that most affected the survival of the pest wasC. ambrosioides, which caused total mortality of insect infestations and no adult emergence. Adults of S. zeamaisare most susceptible to the concentration of 0.125 g ofC. ambrosioides powder.