Sinonasal inverted papilloma: rate of recurrence and malignant transformation in 44 operated patients / Papiloma invertido nasossinusal: taxa de recorrência e transformação maligna em 44 pacientes operados

Abstract Introduction: Although sinonasal inverted papillomas are benign lesions, they are locally aggressive and have a potential malignant transformation ranging from 5% to 15%, with a high recurrence rate. Objective: The aim of this article is to describe the rate of recurrence and malignant transformation in patients with a diagnosis of inverted papilloma who underwent surgery in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with sinonasal papilloma who had undergone surgery in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, between August 1998 and August 2017. A patient chart review was conducted to assess data of patients' demographics, tumors characteristics, follow-up appointments, recurrence and malignancy. Inverted papillomas were analyzed and classified under the Krouse staging system. Results: A total of 69 surgeries were performed in patients with diagnosis of sinonasal papilloma. Inverted papilloma was the most prevalent subtype (49 cases ‒ 80.33%), followed by exophytic papilloma (6 cases ‒ 9.84%) and by oncocytic papilloma (6 cases - 9.84%). The recurrence rate was 34.09% for inverted papilloma (15/44) and the mean time of recurrence was 24.6 months. Malignant transformation occurred in 6 patients (13.64%). Three of these patients presented carcinoma in the first surgery and three patients developed carcinoma during the follow-up. Conclusion: The high recurrence rate and malignancy potential allow us to consider inverted papillomas as aggressive tumors. In a tertiary hospital in São Paulo the recurrence rate the mean time to recurrence is 24.6 months. The recurrence after 10 years implies was 34.09% and the need for long-term follow up. It is possible that the high recurrence rate and the high malignant transformation rate we found are due to the large number of tumors discovered at an advanced stage (most of them staged T3 and T4), secondary to poor access to health system, in developing countries.

Resumo Introdução: Embora os papilomas invertidos nasossinusais sejam lesões benignas, eles são localmente agressivos e apresentam uma potencial transformação maligna que varia de 5% a 15%, com alta taxa de recorrência. Objetivo: Descrever a taxa de recorrência e transformação maligna em pacientes com diagnóstico de papiloma invertido submetidos à cirurgia em um hospital terciário em São Paulo. Método: Análise retrospectiva dos pacientes diagnosticados com papiloma nasossinusal submetidos a cirurgia em um hospital terciário em São Paulo, entre agosto de 1998 e agosto de 2017. Uma revisão de prontuários dos pacientes foi realizada para avaliar dados demográficos, características dos tumores, consultas de seguimento, recorrência e malignidade. Os papilomas invertidos foram analisados e classificados de acordo com o sistema de estadiamento de Krouse. Resultados: Foram realizadas 69 cirurgias em pacientes com diagnóstico de papiloma nasossinusal. O papiloma invertido foi o subtipo mais prevalente (49 casos - 80,33%), seguido pelo papiloma exofítico (6 casos - 9,84%) e pelo papiloma oncocítico (6 casos - 9,84%). A taxa de recidiva foi de 34,09% para o papiloma invertido (15/44) e o tempo médio de recorrência foi de 24,6 meses. Transformação maligna ocorreu em seis pacientes (13,64%); três desses pacientes apresentaram carcinoma na primeira cirurgia e três pacientes desenvolveram carcinoma durante o seguimento. Conclusão: A alta taxa de recorrência e o potencial de malignidade nos permitem considerar os papilomas invertidos como tumores agressivos. Em um hospital terciário de São Paulo, a taxa de recorrência foi de 34,09% e o tempo médio de recorrência de 24,6 meses. A recorrência após 10 anos implica na necessidade de acompanhamento a longo prazo. É possível que a alta taxa de recorrência e a alta taxa de transformação maligna que encontramos sejam devidas à grande extensão dos tumores (a maioria deles nos estágios T3 e T4), decorrente do acesso precário ao sistema de saúde nos países em desenvolvimento.

Enchondromas of the Hand: A 20-year Experience / Encondromas da mão: Uma experiência de 20 anos

Abstract Objective Enchondromas are the commonest tumors of the bones of the hand. Treatment approaches vary. The present article presents the characteristics of the tumors, diagnostic methods, and treatments. Methods We discuss the approach used in our institution, where we have treated 48 patients with enchondromas of the hand between 1996 and 2016. Our technique of treatment, which has remained the same over 2 decades, comprises the use of curettage, high-speed burr, and autologous bone graft (harvested with a minimally invasive technique, using a Craig biopsy needle). Results Pain and fractures were the most common symptoms leading the patients to consultation, at frequencies of 33.3% and 31.3%, respectively. A total of 27.1% of the cases were asymptomatic, and their lesions were discovered incidentally. The mean age was 34.4 years (SD = 12.9 years). Tumors were more frequently presented in the ulnar side of the hand, in the fifth ray (41.5%) and in the proximal bones (in the proximal phalanges [43.8%], and in the metacarpal [33.3%]). The size of the tumors ranged from 0.2 cm2 to 5.7 cm2, with a mean of 1.7 cm2 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.0 cm2) and were not associated with fracture (p = 0.291). Fracture was also not associated with any of the symptoms, neither with the age of the patients (p = 0.964). After the treatment, most patients achieved full range of motion (91.7%), with good integration of the bone graft. Three patients presented deficit in range of motion (6.3%) and the incidence of complications was also 6.3% (3 patients). At the end, after the needed surgical revisions, these three patients also recovered full function. They achieved full bone graft integration, regained full range of motion and returned to work. There was no tumor recurrence case during the follow-up period evaluated. For all cases, no donor site complications occurred. Conclusion Our method of treatment has consistently provided good outcomes, with only a few minor complications. Therapeutic level of evidence: IV.

Resumo Objetivo Os encondromas são os tumores mais comuns dos ossos da mão, com uma grande variedade de abordagens terapêuticas. O presente artigo apresenta as características dos tumores, métodos diagnósticos e tratamentos. Métodos Discutimos a abordagem da nossa instituição, onde tratamos 48 pacientes com encondromas da mão, entre 1996 e 2016. Nossa técnica de tratamento, que permanece a mesma ao longo de duas décadas, compreende o uso de curetagem, esmeril de velocidade e enxerto ósseo autólogo (retirado com uma técnica minimamente invasiva, usando uma agulha de Craig). Resultados A dor e as fraturas foram os sintomas mais comuns, levando os pacientes à consulta, nas frequências de 33,3% e 31,3%, respectivamente. Um total de 27,1% dos casos era assintomático, e suas lesões foram descobertas incidentalmente. A média de idade foi de 34,4 anos (desvio padrão [DP] = 12,9 anos). Os tumores foram mais frequentemente encontrados no lado ulnar da mão, no quinto raio (41,5%), e nos ossos proximais (nas falanges proximais [43,8%] e no metacarpo [33,3%]). O tamanho do tumor variou de 0,2 cm2 a 5,7 cm2, com média de 1,7 cm2 (DP = 1,0 cm2) e não foi associado à fratura (p = 0,291). A fratura também não foi associada a nenhum dos sintomas, e nem à idade dos pacientes (p = 0,964). Após o tratamento, a maioria dos pacientes alcançou amplitude completa de movimento (91,7%), com boa integração do enxerto ósseo. Três pacientes apresentaram déficit no arco de movimento (6,3%) e a incidência de complicações também foi de 6,3% (3 pacientes). No final, após as revisões cirúrgicas necessárias, esses três pacientes também recuperaram a função completa. Eles tiveram a integração total do enxerto ósseo, recuperaram toda a amplitude de movimento e retornaram ao trabalho. Não houve nenhum caso de recorrência do tumor durante o período de acompanhamento avaliado. Em nenhum dos casos ocorreram complicações no local doador. Conclusão O nosso método de tratamento forneceu consistentemente bons resultados, com apenas algumas complicações menores. Nível terapêutico de evidência: IV.

Tumor adenomatoide de tubas uterinas, reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Adenomatoid uterine tube tumor, case report and literature review

Resumen Los tumores adenomatoides del tracto genital son neoplasias poco frecuentes, de comportamiento benigno; debido a sus características histológicas se confunden fácilmente con tumores de estirpe vascular. Estudios recientes demuestran que los tumores adenomatoides del tracto genital femenino están genéticamente definidos por la mutación TRAF7 que activa la expresión aberrante de la vía NFkB. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 27 años, asintomática, a quien se le realiza salpingectomía bilateral como método de anticoncepción definitivo; en el examen macroscópico de la tuba derecha se encuentra formación quística que por sus características microscópicas es diagnosticada como tumor adenomatoide de la tuba uterina. Finalmente se realiza una revisión de la literatura.

Abstract The adenomatoid tumors of the genital tract are rare neoplasms, with benign behavior; due to their histological characteristics, they are easily confused with tumors of vascular origin. Recent studies show that adenomatoid tumors of the female genital tract are genetically defined by the TRAF7 mutation that activates the aberrant expression of the NFkB pathway. We present the case of a 27-year-old woman, asymptomatic, who underwent bilateral salpingectomy as a method of definitive contraception; In the macroscopic examination of the right tuba, cystic formation is found which, due to its microscopic characteristics, is diagnosed as an adenomatoid tumor of the uterine tube. Finally, a review of the literature is made

Mixolipoma en la lengua. Presentación de un caso / Myxolipoma in the Tongue. Report of a Case

El lipoma es una neoplasia benigna formada por tejido adiposo, que posee una distribución general relativamente común; pero su frecuencia en la boca es baja, donde no alcanza ni el 1% de las neoplasias benignas. Los primeros reportes de lipomas en la cavidad bucal fueron hechos por Mc Gregor y D.P. Dyson en 1966. La presentación clínica típica es de una lesión redondeada, de consistencia blanda, bien delimitada, de color amarillento, de crecimiento lento. Dentro de la boca su localización más común es carrillo, suelo de boca y lengua. Como una rareza se han informado lipomas en el hueso mandibular y seno maxilar. Se presentó el caso de un paciente, de 35 años de edad, con antecedentes de ser operado hace ocho años de una lesión similar en la misma área. Refirió hace cinco años le apareció este crecimiento asintomático. Se le indicaron exámenes complementarios y una biopsia por ponchaje que arrojó como resultado mixolipoma. Se le realizó exéresis tridimensional y plastia, con buenos resultados. En la actualidad se sigue en consulta.

A Lipoma is a benign neoplasm composed of adipose tissue that has a general distribution relatively common but its frequency is low in the mouth, which does not even reach 1% of benign neoplasia. The first cases with lipomas in the oral cavity were reported by Mc Gregor and D. P. Dyson in 1966. The lesion typical clinical presentation is rounded, of soft consistency, well-demarcated, yellowish and slows growing. In oral cavity its most common location is the cheek, floor of the mouth and tongue. Lipomas have been rarely reported in the mandibular and maxillary sinus bone. A 35-year-old male patient was reported in this article. The patient had undergone a surgery eight years ago of a similar injury and five years ago this asymptomatic growth appeared. Examinations and punch biopsy were indicated. The results showed a myxolipoma. The patient underwent three-dimensional exeresis plasty with good results. The patient is currently followed up in medical consultation.

Lesiones proliferativas más frecuentes del complejo bucomaxilofacial / Most frequent proliferative lesions of the Buco Maxillofacial Complex

Introducción: las lesiones proliferativas son entidades que se presentan en la cavidad bucal. Algunas son de origen traumático y otras son neoplasias. Con frecuencia no son bien diagnosticadas en la clínica, por la similitud que pueden presentarse entre ellas. Objetivo: determinar las características de las lesiones proliferativas diagnosticadas y la coincidencia entre el diagnóstico clínico y el histopatológico. Método: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de las biopsias procesadas en cinco años en el Departamento de Patología de la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana atendiendo a edad y sexo del paciente, tipo de lesión, localización anatómica y coincidencia entre el diagnóstico clínico y el histopatológico. Resultados: se encontró que de las lesiones proliferativas, las pseudotumorales aportaron el 18,1 por ciento y las neoplasias benignas el 5,8 por ciento. En el grupo de edad de 10 a 19 años las lesiones pseudotumorales representaron el 7,78 por ciento y las neoplasias benignas el 1,78 por ciento. En el grupo de 60 años o más, las lesiones pseudotumorales aportaron el 22,67 por ciento del total de lesiones proliferativas. El sexo femenino resultó afectado por lesiones pseudotumorales en 61,3 por ciento y las neoplasias benignas afectaron al sexo masculino en un 55 por ciento. La hiperplasia fibroepitelial representó el 54,22 por ciento de las pseudotumorales, mientras que el nevus aportó el 8,67 por ciento entre las neoplasias benignas. Los diagnósticos clínicos de las lesiones pseudotumorales coincidieron en un 50,4 por ciento con los histológicos, para las neoplasias benignas la coincidencia fue del 53,2 por ciento. Conclusiones: las lesiones pseudotumorales predominaron sobre las neoplasias benignas, con un incremento marcado de ambos tipos de lesiones a partir de los 40 años. En el sexo femenino predominaron las lesiones pseudotumorales, y en el masculino predominaron las neoplasias benignas. Se encontró una baja coincidencia entre el diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico para ambos tipos de lesiones(AU)

Introduction: proliferative lesions are entities that are present in the buccal cavity. Some of them are of traumatic origin and others are neoplasias. Frequently, they are not well diagnosed in the clinical practice because of the similarity that can exist among them. Objective: to determine the characteristics of the proliferative lesions diagnosed and the coincidences between clinical and histopathological diagnosis Method: a retrospective study of the biopsies processed during five years in the Department of Oral Pathology of the Faculty of Stomatology of Havana was conducted dealing with age, sex, type of lesion, anatomic location and similarities between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis. Results: it was found that, of the proliferative lesions, the pseudotumoral ones reported the 18.1 percent and the benign neoplasias, the 5.8 percent. In the age group 10-19 years, pseudotumoral lesions represented the 7.78 percent and the benign neoplasias the 1,78 percent. In the group of 60 years or older, pseudotumoral lesions reported the 22.67 percent of the total of proliferative lesions. The female sex resulted to be affected by pseudotumoral lesions in a 61,3 percent and the benign neoplasias effected the male sex in a 55 percent. Fibroepithelial hyperplasia represented the 54.22 percent of the pseudotumoral ones, whereas the nevus reported the 8.67 percent among the benign neoplasias. The clinical diagnosis of the pseudotumoral lesions matched up a 50.4 percent with the histological; for benign neoplasias, the coincidence was 53.2 percent. Conclusions: pseudotumoural lesions predominated on benign neoplasias, with a marked increase in both types of lesions after 40 years. Pseudotumoural lesions predominated in the female sex, whereas the benign neoplasias predominated in the male sex. There was a low coincidence between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis for both types of lesions(AU)

Tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: case report and literature review

Introducción: El tumor sólido pseudopapilar del páncreas es un tumor epitelial de baja malignidad que afecta a mujeres jóvenes y corresponde de 1 a 2 % de todas las neoplasias del páncreas. Presentamos un caso tratado en el Hospital General de Tijuana, y revisión de la literatura. Caso clínico: Mujer de 37 años de edad, con síntomas de saciedad temprana y distensión abdominal. Durante una colecistectomía abierta se identificó un tumor en el cuerpo del páncreas, se tomó biopsia y estableció el diagnóstico de tumor sólido pseudopapilar páncreas. Fue tratada con pancreatectomía distal y esplenectomía. Conclusiones: El tumor sólido pseudopapilar del páncreas es la neoplasia de etiología desconocida más frecuente en mujeres jóvenes, de diagnóstico diferencial ante tumor en páncreas, aunque por su rareza no debe ser la primera opción a descartar. Las manifestaciones clínicas incluyen dolor abdominal, sensación de plenitud o saciedad temprana, masa abdominal, náusea y vómito, entre otras. Los exámenes de laboratorio por lo general son normales. La tomografía axial computarizada puede revelar masa heterogénea grande con una cápsula. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante biopsia y la cirugía por sí sola tiene un nivel de curación excelente y se debe intentar en todos los casos.

BACKGROUND: Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is an epithelial tumor of low malignancy that primarily affects young women and represents approximately 1-2% of all pancreatic neoplasms. We present a case of this type of tumor treated in the General Hospital of Tijuana, Mexico, as well as a review of the literature. CLINICAL CASE: We present the case of a 37-year-old female with symptomatology of early satiety and abdominal distension. During open cholecystectomy we found a tumor in the body of the pancreas. Biopsy was done, establishing the diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas. The patient was treated successfully with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. DISCUSSION: Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm. It is more frequent in young women and has an unknown etiology. Clinical manifestations include abdominal pain, sensation of plenitude or early satiety, abdominal mass, nausea and vomiting. Laboratory tests are usually normal. Computerized axial tomography may show a large encapsulated heterogeneous mass. Diagnosis is established through biopsy and surgery is the best treatment for this pathological entity. CONCLUSIONS: One may conclude that the solid pseudopapillary tumor is a differential diagnosis in the presence of pancreatic tumors, although due to its rarity it is not the first option to discard. Surgery represents the best treatment for this pathological entity and should be attempted in all cases, independent of the size of the pancreatic injury.

Correlación clínico-patológica de las enfermedades tumorales en el Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Nacional Dos De Mayo / Correlation between the clinical and the anatomo pathological diagnosis in the tumoral pathology in the Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo

OBJETIVO: Determinar la correlación entre el diagnóstico clínico y anatomopatológico de las enfermedades tumorales en el Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (HNDM). METODOLOGÍA: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y observacional. La población estuvo constituida por los pacientes sometidos a biopsia en el Servicio de Dermatología del HNDM por patología tumoral benigna o maligna, durante los meses de enero a diciembre 2007. Se revisó las historias clínicas y los informes anatomopatológicos de los pacientes con la finalidad de determinar la correlación entre el diagnóstico clínico y anatomopatológico de acuerdo al tipo de tumor cutáneo, distribución por localización topográfica y sexo del paciente. RESULTADOS: Se evaluó 152 diagnósticos clínicos y anatomopatológicos, el 60.5% correspondióa neoplasias benignas y el 39.5% a neoplasias malignas; se encontró correlación clínico-patológicaen el 67.8% de neoplasias. El análisis de los diagnósticos clínico y anatomopatológico para los tumores benignos mostró correlación en el 66.3% de los casos. Los diagnósticos clínicos que mostraron con mayor frecuencia discordancia con la histopatología fueron las verrugas vulgares (4/31), queratosis seborreica (3/31), pilomatrixoma (3/31) y cuerno cutáneo (3/31). Para los tumores malignos, existió correlación en el 70.0% de los casos. Los diagnósticos clínicos que mostraron con mayor frecuencia discordancia con la anatomía-patológica fueron el carcinoma basocelular (7/18), carcinoma espinocelular (3/18), melanoma maligno (2/18) y linfoma cutáneo (2/18). CONCLUSIÓN: Existe un nivel moderado (67.8%) de correlación entre el diagnóstico clínico y anatomopatológico para la patología tumoral en el Servicio de Dermatología del HNDM el cual es similar para los tumores benignos y malignos.

OBJECTIVE: To determinate the correlation between the clinical and the anatomathological diagnosis in the tumoral pathology in the Serviceof Dermatology, Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (HNDM). METHODOLOGY: Descriptive, retrospective and observacional study, population was the patients that suffered a biopsy ordered by the Service of Dermatology, HNDM due to benigne or malignant tumoral pathology, since January to December 2007. Clinical records and the anatomopathological diagnosis according the type of cutaneous tumor, distribution by topographic localitation and sexe of the patient. RESULTS: 152 clinical histopathologic diagnosis of cutaneous neoplasias were evaluated, 60.5% were benignal neoplasias and 39.5% malignant neoplasias. There were a clinical-pathological correlation in the 67.8% of neoplasis no statistically significant difference between both groups were showed (p=0.384). The analisis for the clinical and histopathological diagnosis for benignal tumours showed acorrelation in the 66.3% of the cases. Clinical diagnosis that showed more frequently discordance with the histopathology were verruca vulgaris (4/31), seborrheic keratosis (3/31), pilomatrixoma (3/31) y cutaneous corn (3/31). There was a correlation for malignant tumours, in the 70% between the clinical diagnosis that showed a major discordance with the histophatology were the basal cell carcinomas (7/18), espinocelular carcinoma (3/18), malignant melanoma (2/18) y cutaneous lymphoma (2/18). CONCLUSIONS: there is a moderated level (67.8%) of correlation between the clinical ananatomopatologic diagnosis for tumoral pathology in the Service of Dermatology of the HNDM.