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BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that neurotrophin 3 (NT3)-chitosan can induce endogenous neurogenesis and axon regeneration in rats with spinal cord injury, and promote recovery of motor and sensory functions in rats. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of rehabilitation training combined with NT3-chitosan biomaterial scaffold on skeletal muscle morphological changes and functional recovery in rats with complete spinal cord injury. METHODS: Fifty adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, 10 in each group. The sham group was not modeled; the remaining four groups were prepared with T7-T8 complete 5-mm spinal cord injury model, and the lesion control was not performed any intervention after modeling. The other three groups were given rehabilitation training, NT3-chitosan active biomaterial scaffold, NT3-chitosan active biomaterial scaffold combined with rehabilitation training intervention. Rehabilitation training started 2 weeks after modeling. Before operation, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after operation, all of rats were subjected to double-blind open-field BBB scores. After 12 weeks, the skeletal muscles of the hind limbs (tibialis anterior muscle, gastrocnemius muscle, and soleus muscle) were taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining and acetylcholinesterase staining. The changes in muscle atrophy and motor endplates were assessed in each group. The experimental plan was approved by the Animal Experiment Committee of Capital Medical University (approval No. AEEI-2018-105). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The BBB score at each time point in the sham group was higher than that in the other four groups (P < 0.05); and the scores at 8, 10, and 12 weeks after the NT3-chitosan combined rehabilitation training group were higher than the lesion control group, the lesion control combined rehabilitation training group, and NT3-chitosan group (P < 0.05). (2) At 12 weeks after operation, hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the cross-sectional area and diameter of muscle fibers of each skeletal muscle were smaller in the other four groups than that in the sham group (P < 0.05). The cross-sectional area and diameter of muscle fibers of each skeletal muscle in the NT3-chitosan combined rehabilitation training group were higher than the lesion control group, the lesion control combined rehabilitation training group, and NT3-chitosan group (P < 0.05). (3) At 12 weeks after operation, the acetylcholinesterase staining showed that the average optical density of the acetylcholinesterase on motor endplate of the muscle was lower in the other four groups than that in the sham group (P < 0.05); the average optical density of the acetylcholinesterase of the motor endplate in the NT3-chitosan combined rehabilitation training was significantly higher than that in the lesion control, lesion control combined rehabilitation training, and NT3-chitosan groups (P < 0.05). (4) The results show that NT3-chitosan combined with rehabilitation training can effectively prevent muscular atrophy of hind limb skeletal muscles in rats with complete spinal cord injury, improve the average optical density of the acetylcholinesterase of the motor endplate, reduce neuromuscular joint degeneration, and improve rat hindlimb motor function.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of paliperidone combined with dexzopiclone on plasma neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitters in schizophrenic patients with insomnia.Methods:Sixty schizophrenic patients with insomnia who received treatment in Ningbo Kangning Hospital, China between January 2020 and December 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either dexzopiclone tablets combined with risperidone tablets (control group, n = 30) or paliperidone tablets combined with dexzopiclone tablets (observation group, n = 30) for 8 successive weeks. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the severity of schizophrenia. Change in PANSS score post-treatment relative to pre-treatment was compared between the control and treatment groups. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score was used to evaluate sleepiness before and after treatment. Change in PSQI score post-treatment relative to pre-treatment was compared between the control and treatment groups. Before and after treatment, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophic factor 3, nerve growth factor, dopamine and serotonin levels were compared between the control and observation groups. Results:After treatment, PANSS score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(52.71 ± 6.41) points vs. (60.34 ± 6.25) points, t = 4.668, P < 0.05]. PSQI score in the observation group [(8.83 ± 2.43) points] was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t = 4.567, P < 0.05). After treatment, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophic factor 3 and nerve growth factor levels in the observation group were (4 752.79 ± 136.27) ng/L, (173.64 ± 15.88) ng/L, and (39.14 ± 2.23) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(4 417.85 ± 138.54) ng/L), (150.06 ± 15.49) ng/L, (37.51 ± 2.17) ng/L, t = 9.441, 5.822, 2.869, all P < 0.05]. After treatment, serum dopamine and serotonin levels in the observation group were (70.25 ± 6.41) ng/L and (43.42 ± 7.11) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(63.44 ± 6.03) ng/L, (35.59 ± 6.89) ng/L, t = 4.238, 4.332, both P < 0.05). Conclusion:Paliperidone tablets combined with dexzopiclone tablets exhibit good efficacy in the management of schizophrenic patients with insomnia. The combined therapy can effectively reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia complicated by insomnia, increase serum neurotrophic factor level, regulate serum neurotransmitter level, and thereby improve the mental state of patients.
ABSTRACT
The incidence of spinal cord injury is increasing year by year, and more and more attentions have been paid. Growth factors can promote the regeneration of nerve fibers and synapses, and they also play an important role in the treatment of spinal cord injury and the recovery of neurological function. The growth factor itself has a short half-life, so it is necessary to use growth factor gene vectors to transfect stem cells and nanoparticles to deliver growth factors or biocompatible scaffolds to support growth factors to treat spinal cord injuries. With the development of the research on growth factors, the application of single growth factor is difficult to meet the need of treatment to spinal cord injury. To explore the synergistic effect of various growth factors in order to achieve a better therapeutic effect is a promising research direction in the future. The purpose of this review is to summarize the therapeutic effects of growth factors on spinal cord injury including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophic factor 3, nerve growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and synergy therapy of growth factors.
ABSTRACT
The incidence of spinal cord injury is increasing year by year, and more and more attentions have been paid. Growth factors can promote the regeneration of nerve fibers and synapses, and they also play an important role in the treatment of spinal cord injury and the recovery of neurological function. The growth factor itself has a short half-life, so it is necessary to use growth factor gene vectors to transfect stem cells and nanoparticles to deliver growth factors or biocompatible scaffolds to support growth factors to treat spinal cord injuries. With the development of the research on growth factors, the application of single growth factor is difficult to meet the need of treatment to spinal cord injury. To explore the synergistic effect of various growth factors in order to achieve a better therapeutic effect is a promising research direction in the future. The purpose of this review is to summarize the therapeutic effects of growth factors on spinal cord injury including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophic factor 3, nerve growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and synergy therapy of growth factors.
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Objective To observe the effects of herbal compound in reinforcing the kidney for activating blood and arousing consciousness(HCRAA) on the ABR threshold and the expression of neurotrophic factor 3(NT-3) of the cochlea of gentamicin (GM)-induced ototoxic mice.Methods 40 mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,and high,middle and low concentration HCRAA groups.Normal group received no treatment.The model group and the HCRAA groups were intraperitoneally injected with GM 100mg/kg per day for consecutive 15 days.At the same time,the model group and the HCRAA groups respectively receiveded normal saline and high,middle and low concentration Chinese medical formula decoction at the same dosage by garage for consecutive 20 days.After the experiment,the mice were tested ABR.The expression of NT-3 of the cochlea in mice was detected by western blot.Results HCRAA at high and middle concentration reduced the GM elevated ABR threshold(P＜0.01),and increased the expression of NT-3 in the cochlea(P＜0.01).Conclusion HCRAA may effectively reduce the elevated ABR threshold induced by gentamycin by protecting GM damaged cochlear hair cell and neurons and increasing the expression of NT-3 in the cochlea.