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OBJECTIVE To analyze the patents of new target oral drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）， and to provide references for the research and development direction and patent layout of new domestic diabetes drugs. METHODS Based on global patent data in the HimmPat database， from multiple perspectives such as the number of patent applications and authorization， development trend， regional distribution and main applicants， statistics and analysis were performed for the patents related to 3 types of new target oral drugs for T2DM， such as glucokinase activator （GKA）， protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor （PTP-1B-IN）， and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitor （11β-HSD1-IN）. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A total of 1 649 patents of GKA， 709 patents of PTP-1B-IN， 592 patents of 11β-HSD1-IN were obtained， the main applicants were well-known pharmaceutical companies， which possessed the core patents of pharmaceutical compounds. The research on GKA drugs was more mature， with a larger number of patent applications and a more comprehensive enterprise layout. Domestic enterprises， universities and research institutions had advantages in the field of PTP-1B-IN. Domestic enterprises and research institutions can leverage the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine and resources to enhance their research capabilities and improve technological competitiveness through core technology exploration， the exploration of process route， patent layout， industry- university-research cooperation and the establishment of patent pool.
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Telocytes are novel interstitial cells with a specific structure:the body has an elliptical shape or a triangle shape,with slender and thin protrusions that connect with other cells to form a complex 3D network.This article summarizes the structural characteristics and identification Methods of Telocytes and demonstrates their potential functions as a new target for disease prevention and treatment.
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TelocytesABSTRACT
@#Type 2 diabetes, an epidemic disorder characterized by high blood glucose level associated with microvascular complications, is one of the main causes of human suffer across the globe, with no effective medicine up to now. AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, is a key sensor and regulator of intracellular and whole-body energy metabolism. Small molecule AMPK direct activators have been proven to lower blood-glucose, which is a promising candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The progress on the research of small molecule AMPK direct activators in recent years is summarized in this paper.
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@#With the deepening of research, different new anti-diabetic drug targets have been discovered and reported, several categories of anti-diabetic drugs(linagliptin, exenatide, dapagliflozin, etc. )have been brought to the market and some new drugs acting on different targets are in late-stage clinical trials. All these progresses provide new means for overcoming diabetes. GPR119, GPR120, GPR40, AMPK, apelin receptor and GSK3β are anti-diabetic targets with great research values in current days and the future. This article reviews the mechanisms, drugs and research advances with respect to the above-mentioned targets.