Neurophysiological Changes In Person With Insulin Dependent And Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by an inability of the body to metabolize glucose properly. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate. As Insulin and non-insulin dependent diabetes shows their effect on various physiological systems includes central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and other vital systems. A common complications due to the IDDM and NIDDM includes peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy and vascular complication. Insulin and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, both affect the peripheral nervous system significantly. Therefore we would like to find out neurophysiological changes on peripheral nervous systems between insulin and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Aim: To find out the Neuro-physiological changes between IDDM and NIDDM. Materials and Method: 120 individuals screened with SF36 (general health good and above) were included with age limit between 25 to 60 years. Those individuals having a history of hospitalization in last 1 year, acute fever, present history of radiculopathy and open wound were excluded. They were divided into 2 groups IDDM and NIDDM. For nerve conduction study–distal latency, amplitude and NCV of sensory and motor nerves were performed. Nerve conduction studies of common peroneal, tibial and sural nerves were examined in both groups. Latency, NCV and CMAP/SNAP were taken as outcome measures. Result and Discussion: Bio-statistical analysis has been done using Mann-Whitney test. Result suggest that there is a significant difference in Neurophysiological changes (p<0.05) between IDDM and NIDDM groups. Conclusion: In context to our study and neurophysiological findings, individuals with IDDM must be taken into consideration for promotion, prevention, and care as compared to NIDDM for secondary complications.

Therapeutic Observation of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion at Acupoint for Type 2 Diabetes / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the difference between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) at acupoint and CSII at non-acupoint in treating type 2 diabetes, for providing a novel option in selecting the insulin injection site. Method Sixty-six subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomized into a treatment group of 32 cases and a control group of 34 cases. The treatment group was intervened by CSII at acupoint, while the control group was intervened by CSII at non-acupoint. The body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h-postprandial plasma glucose (P2hPG), bedtime blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), consumption of insulin, and the score of diabetes symptom grading and quantification of the two groups were compared. Result The blood sugar level, insulin consumption, HbA1c level and symptom score declined significantly after treatment in both groups (P<0.05);the BMI and initial dosage of insulin in the treatment group dropped significantly after treatment in the treatment group (P<0.05); after treatment, the BMI, FPG level, initial dosage of insulin and symptom score in the treatment group were markedly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); there were no significant differences between the treatment group and the control group in the P2 hBG level, bedtime glucose sugar level, HbA1c level, pre-prandial insulin dose and total effective rate (P>0.05). Conclusion CSII at acupoint and at non-acupoint both can effectively improve the disease condition of type 2 diabetes. The treatment group is superior to the control group in controlling BMI and FPG, reducing the initial level of insulin, and improving the symptoms, and the treatment group presents a higher total effective rate with the increase of treatment duration compared with the control group. It is indicated that insulin infusion at abdominal acupoint has a certain advantage in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

The health related quality of life of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients admitted at Brokenshire Integrated Health Ministries, Incorporated

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of life of type 2 diabetic patients admitted at a private tertiary hospital in Davao City using the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life IndexDESIGN: This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional examination to determine self-rated quality of life among diabetic patients admitted at a private tertiary hospital in Davao City using the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index.RESULTS: The cross sectional study involved 37 respondents of a private tertiary hospital in Davao City. Most belong to ages 50 years and above (91.9%), are females (59.5%) and married (89.2%). All have some form of formal schooling and 51.4% are employed. Most do not adhere to recommended diet (59.5%), exercise (64.9%), have no history of smoking (56.8%) and have higher BMI however 54% had controlled glucose (54%). Majority have been diagnosed with diabetes for 5-10 years (43.2%), have complications (59%) and are under combination therapy. The mean overall quality of life and QOL subscales of patients were good. Most sociodemographic, lifestyle and medical factors did not show any statistical significance (p value >0.05). Age had positive association with overall quality of life, health and function and socioeconomic subscales. Maintenance medication and civil status had positive association with the socioeconomic and family subscales respectively.CONCLUSION: The mean overall quality of life and QOL subscales of patients were good. Older age, marriage and combination therapy were associated with high quality of life and specific subscales. Other factors showed no significant association thus further studies are recommended. Assessment of Quality of life and management of modifiable risk factors of diabetes are also recommended.

Effect of Acupuncture plus Astragalus Polysaccharide on the Expression of Bcl-2 Protein in Islet ? Cells in db/db Mice / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture plus astragalus polysaccharide on the expression of Bcl-2 protein in pancreatic islet b cells in db/db mice. Method C57BL/Ksj-db/db mice as an animal model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes were selected for this experiment. Five-week-old db/db mice were randomized into model, acupuncture, medication and acupuncture+medication groups. Meanwhile, db/m mice were selected as a normal group. The acupuncture group received acupuncture at points Housanli (equivalent to Zusanli, ST36), Neiting(ST44) and Yishu(Extra) and the medication group, an oral gavage of astragalus polysaccharide (1400 mg/kg). Both groups were treated once daily, for 12 consecutive weeks. After the end of experiment, blood glucose, insulin and resistin were measured, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein in islet b cells was determined by immunohistochemical method. Result Blood glucose, insulin and resistin levels were significantly lower in the acupuncture+medication, acupuncture and medication groups than in the model group. They were significantly lower in the acupuncture+medication group than in the acupuncture and medication groups and significantly lower in the acupuncture group than in the medication group. The expression of Bcl-2 protein in islet b cells was higher in the medication, acupuncture and acupuncture+medication groups than in the model group; there was a statistically significant difference (P0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture plus astragalus polysaccharide can significantly reduce blood glucose and serum insulin and resistin levels and increase the expression of Bcl-2 protein in islet b cells to effectively inhibit apoptosis in islet b cells in db/db mice. Its effect is better than that of acupuncture alone or medication.

Emblica officinalis improves glycemic status and oxidative stress in STZ induced type 2 diabetic model rats

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Emblica officinalis (E. officinalis) fruit on normal and type 2 diabetic rats.@*METHODS@#Type 2 diabetes was induced into the male Long-Evans rats. The rats were divided into nine groups including control groups receiving water, type 2 diabetic controls, type 2 diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (T2GT) and type 2 diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of fruit pulp of E. officinalis. They were fed orally for 8 weeks with a single feeding. Blood was collected by cutting the tail tip on 0 and 28 days and by decapitation on 56 day. Packed red blood cells and serum were used for evaluating different biochemical parameters.@*RESULTS@#Four weeks administration of aqueous extract of E. officinalis improved oral glucose tolerance in type 2 rats and after 8 weeks it caused significant (P<0.007) reduction in fasting serum glucose level compared to 0 day. Triglycerides decreased by 14% but there was no significant change in serum ALT, creatinine, cholesterol and insulin level in any group. Furthermore, reduced erythrocyte malondialdehyde level showed no significant change (P<0.07) but reduced glutathione content was found to be increased significantly (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The aqueous extract of E. officinalis has a promising antidiabetic and antioxidant properties and may be considered for further clinical studies in drug development.

Comportamiento clínico epidemiológico de la diabetes mellitus en el anciano / Clinical epidemiological behavior of diabetes mellitus in the elderly

Introducción: la diabetes mellitus en la población geriátrica es una afección crónica muy prevalente, que puede interaccionar o ser causa de producción de diversos síndromes geriátricos. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento clínico epidemiológico de la diabetes mellitus en la tercera edad. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo, del adulto mayor en el policlínico "Isabel Rubio, del Consejo Popular San Diego de los Baños", municipio Los Palacios, durante el período comprendido entre enero y julio de 2011. El universo de estudio quedó conformado por los 198 gerontes dispensarizados como diabéticos en las historias clínicas familiares y la muestra estuvo integrada por 103 adultos mayores, escogidos aleatoriamente. Se aplicó la estadística descriptiva y ji cuadrado. Resultados: prevaleció la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en ancianos de 60 a 69 años del sexo femenino (P>0,05). La combinación de dieta más hipoglucemiante oral resultó el esquema más empleado por los gerontes; el 85,2 % presentaba adherencia al tratamiento. El 39,0 % de los adultos mayores diabéticos tenían un control glicémico ideal. Conclusiones: predominó la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, grupo etáreo de 60 69 años en el género femenino. Más de 2/3 de los ancianos empleaban tratamiento farmacológico, la dieta más hipoglucemiante oral resultó el esquema terapéutico más empleado. La mayoría de los seniles presentaba adherencia a la terapia medicamentosa y más de la » parte de los diabéticos añosos presentaron control metabólico ideal.

Introduction: diabetes mellitus is a chronic and very prevalent disease in geriatric population, which can interact or be a cause of different syndromes in old ages. Objective: to characterize clinical-epidemiological behavior of diabetes mellitus in the elderly. Material and method: a descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted at “Isabel Rubio” outpatient clinic belonging to the Popular Council of San Diego de los Baños, Los Palacios municipality during January-July 2011. The study included a target group of 198 diabetic old people diagnosed in their family clinical records and the sample was comprised of 103 old people chosen at random. Descriptive statistics and chi square test were applied. Results: diabetes mellitus type 2 prevailed in the elderly from 60 to 69 years old, and in female sex (P>0,05). The combination of diet plus oral hypoglycemic medications was the most used scheme; 85,2% followed the treatment correctly, 39,0% of the elderly had an ideal control of glycemia levels. Conclusions: diabetes mellitus type 2 prevailed in ages from 60 to 69 and in female sex. More than ¾ of the elderly underwent pharmacological treatment, diet plus oral hypoglycemic medications resulted in the most used therapeutic scheme. The majority of the old people followed a medication therapy and more than » of the diabetic old people presented an ideal metabolic control.

Effect of norvasc and benazepril for treatment elderly hypertensive patients with NIDDM * / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effect of Norvasc combined with Benazepril for treatment elderly hypertensive patients with Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus .Methods 52 cases of elderly hypertensive patients with Non-insulin-dependent diabe-tes mellitus were selected as the study object and were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group ,each with 26 cases of patients .The observation group was given Norvasc combined with Benazepril while the control group was given Nor-vasc .Results After 8 weeks ,the SBP and DBP of the observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0 .05) .The FBG and 2h PBG were significantly lower than that of the control group as well as the ISI significantly higher (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Norvasc combined with Benazepril can effectively control the blood pressure and plasma glucose of elderly hy-pertensive with Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ,also improve the ISI of patients .It is deserved to be promoted widely in the clinical work .

The impact of type 2 diabetes on endothelium of great saphenous vein in patients with coronary heart disease / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

ObjectiveTo study the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on endothelium of great saphenous vein in patients with coronary heart disease.MethodsPatients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were selected, 20 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (experimental group) and another 20 patients without (control group).The rings of great saphenous vein in I cm length were taken from those patients and then divided into 3 segments.The structure of endothelium was evaluated by the microscope and the changes of venous tone were measured in organ chamber at 37C with a constant supply of oxygen.Venous vasoconstriction was induced by phenylephrine (10-5 mol/L) and vasodilatation induced by nitroglycerin or acetylcholine (10-9 ～ 10-5 mol/L).ResultsMore damages of ultrastructure of the endothelium of saphenous vein were found in experimental group than in control group.There were no significant differences regarding the venous tone between the two groups (P ＞0.05) when vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine and vasodilatation by nitroglycerin.However, the vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine was significantly decreased in experimental group than in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Type 2 diabetes mellitus can aggravate the damage of endothelium of saphenous vein in patients with coronary artery disease.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical evaluation of an Ayurvedic formulation (GlucoCare capsules) in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by insulin resistance, relative insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. The goal for treatment of diabetes is to prevent its acute manifestations and long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an Ayurvedic formulation (GlucoCare Capsules) in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Fifty NIDDM patients of pitta-kapha prakriti attending the outpatient department of the Government Ayurvedic Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India were included in the study, and randomly divided into 2 groups, GlucoCare and placebo. All received either GlucoCare or placebo in a dose of 2 capsules twice daily, before meals for 3 months. All 50 patients completed the study - no drop outs, withdrawals or patients lost to follow up. The GlucoCare group showed significant improvement in symptoms from the 2nd month till the end of the study. GlucoCare was well tolerated by all patients throughout the treatment period with no evidence of adverse effects. The study indicates clinical efficacy of GlucoCare Capsules in the management of NIDDM in those belonging to pitta-kapha prakriti. The formulation is well tolerated and appears safe in the dosage used.

Renal function reserve in patients with early type 2 diabetic nephropathy using protein loading-scintirenography / 中华核医学杂志

Objective To explore a sensitive method and index to evaluate renal functional reserve (RFR) in patients with early diabetic nephropathy (DN) using protein loading-scintirenography.Methods Fifty subjects were studied and divided into 3 groups.Group one (G1) consisted of 14 healthy volunteers;Group two (G2) consisted of 15 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and normoalbuminuria; Group three (G3) consisted of 21 patients with type 2 DM and microalbuminuria.All subjects underwent baseline and protein loading-99 Tcm-DTPA scintirenography within one week.RFR was calculated as the difference between stimulated and baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR), time of peak ( Tb ), time of half excretion ( C1/2 ), residual rate at 20 min ( C20/b ) .Variance analysis and t-test were used to analyze the group differences.Results ( 1 ) The RFR in terms of GFR had statistical difference between any two groups (t=14.884, 32.180, 16.042, all P＜0.01).After protein-loading, the GFR of G1, G2 and G3 increased 20.1, 10.9 and 2.2 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2 respectively.Therefore, the RFR decreased before microalbuminuria in type 2 DM patients.(2)There was statistical difference between the RFR of G1 and G2 in terms of C1/2 (t = 5.505, P＜0.05 ), and between G1 and G3 ( t = 8.914, P＜0.01 ).(3) There was statistical difference of the RFR in terms of TP between G1 and G3 (t = 5.690, P ＜ 0.01 ).(4) There was statistical difference of the RFR in terms of C20/b between G1 and G3 (t= 4.376, P＜0.05 ).Conclusions 99Tcm-DTPA protein loading-scintirenography is an effective method for measuring RFR to evaluate early DN in type 2 DM patients.

rAAV-mediated VLDLR gene transfection reduces tau hyperphosphorylation in hippocampus of type 2 diabetic rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD), and tau protein was hyperphosphorylated in type 2 diabetes. The present study was designed to explore the phosphorylation level of tau in hippocampus of type 2 diabetes rats which interrupted by very low density lipoprotein receptor(VLDLR)gene transfection. METHODS: Wistar male rats were randomized into 3 groups. The control group(CTL)was fed with normal food. The T2DM group and T2DM mediated VLDLR gene group were on high sugar, high fat and high protein diet for 3 months. The plasma insulin level was measured by RIA method, and the plasma glucose was determined by glucose-oxidase method. Total tau level, the phosphorylation level of tau at individual phosphorylation sites and the level of VLDLR were analyzed by Western blotting. The activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, a key component of insulin signal transduction pathway and a known tau kinase, in the hippocampus of rats was determined by using [γ-~(32)P]-ATP and the specific peptide substrate. RESULTS: No significant difference of total tau level in hippocampus between T2DM group and T2DM mediated VLDLR gene group was observed. Tau protein in T2DM group was found to be more hyperphosphorylated at several AD-related phosphorylation sites(Ser214, Thr217, Ser396, Ser422 and Ser199/202)than that in CTL, while the immunoreaction at tau-1 site is weaker than that in CTL. VLDLR gene therapy reduced hyperphosphorylation sites of Thr217, Ser396, Ser422 and Ser199/202 of tau to almost the control level, but did not change the phosphorylation of Ser214 or Ser422 on tau. The expression of Ser214 was also observed by immunohistochemical assay. The phosphorylated tau modestly increased in hippocampus in T2DM group compared to CTL, but VLDLR gene treatment did not change the phosphorylation level. The phosphorylation of GSK-3β was decreased dramatically in the hippocampus in T2DM rats, and this phosphorylation was significantly increased after VLDLR gene treatment. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that Raav mediated VLDLR gene treatment partially reverses tau hyperphosphorylation at several sites in T2DM rat hippocampus, which may mediate by inhibition of GSK-3β activity.

A novel microtiter plate radioimmunoassay of insulin autoantibody / 中华核医学杂志

Objective Insulin autoantibody (IAA) is known to exist in sera of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients and pre-T1DM individuals. The aim of this study was to establish a novel microtiter plate radioimmunoassay (RIA) for IAA and evaluate its clinical value. Methods Diluted 125Ⅰ-insulin was mixed with 5 ul serum samples in a 96-well microtiter plate and then incubated for 72 h on an orbital plate shaker (4℃). The immunocomplexes were transferred to another protein a coated Millipore plate, and then the plate was washed with Tri-Buffered Saline Tween-20 (TBT) buffer. Counts per minute (CPM) was measured with liquid scintillation and luminescence counter. The positive cut-off point of IAA index was defined as ≥0.06 based on the 99-percentile of the distribution in 317 healthy individuals. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay were calculated from the samples provided by the fourth Diabetes Autoantibodies Standardization Program (DASP 2005). The IAA levels were determined in 71 T1 DM and 551 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients, and 317 healthy controls. The t test, non-parametric test, x2 test and linear correlation analysis were performed on the data using SPSS 11.5 software. The concordance rate was estimated with Kappa value. Results (1) The optimized testing condition was described as 2×104 CPM of 125Ⅰ-insulin, 5 ul serum sample and slowly horizontal shaking for 72 h. (2) The intra-assay CV was 4.8%-8.9% and inter-assay CV was 6.4%-10.5%. Based on DASP 2005 samples, the specificity and sensitivity of the assay were 97% (97/100) and 50% (25/50), respectively. Ninety-six serum samples with different IAA levels were selected and tested to compare between our new method and a domestic IAA RIA kit. The results showed that the IAA indices from the two methods were positively correlated (r= 0.678, P<0.001). The concordance rate was 72.9 %(Kappa value=0.402). There were 25 samples with discordant results, which were positive for IAA titer using the corresponding microtiter plate RIA but negative using the novel RIA kit. (3) In TIDM group the positive rate of IAA was 19.7% (16/71), higher than the healthy controls (0.9%, x2=54.36, P<0.001). The subgroup of T1DM children (with 0-9 years) showed the highest IAA positive rate (55.6% ,x2=4.85, P<0.05). In T2DM group the frequency of IAA was 1.5% (8/551), which had no significant difference comparing with that of healthy controls (x2= 0.95, P >0.05). Conclusions Our proposed microtiter plate RIA method for IAA is highly sensitive and specific, likely to be feasible for clinical application. The frequency of IAA is high in children with T1DM.

Pathology of diabetic myocardiac microangiopathy / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

Objective To investigate the cause of high cardiovascular lethality in patients with diabetics mellitus. Methods Sections from autopsied coronary arteries and myocardium of dead patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetics mellitus and 12 dead control subjects were used for histomorphometric studies. Results The coronary atherosclerotic lesion in diabetics patients was not different in severity from those in controls. Nor was there difference in number of myofibers or diameters of myocardic fibers and capillaries.But the capillary density and the ratio of capillary number to myocardic fiber number in diabetics group were significeantly reduced compared with control group(P<0.0 l),and the capillary basement membrane in the former was significantly thicker than in the latter(P<0.01).Conclision The decrease in number of capillaries and the thickening of basement membrane enhance myocardiac vulnerability to further ischemia and hypoxia,which may undelie high lethality of myocardiopathy in diabetic patients.

Micro-plate radiobinding assay of autoantibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase / 中华核医学杂志

Objective The purpose of this study was to develop a high-throughput micro-plate radiobinding assay (RBA) of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab) and to evaluate its clinical application. Methods 35labeled GAD65 antigen was incubated with sera for 24 h on a 96-well plate, and then transferred to the Millipore plate coated with protein A, which was washed with 4℃ PBS buffer, and then counted by a liquid scintillation counter. The GAD-Ab results were expressed by WHO standard unit (U/ml). A total of 224 healthy controls, 162 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) and 210 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were recruited. A total of 119 TI DM and healthy cases with gradually changing GAD-Ab levels were selected to compare the consistency of micro-plate RBA with conventional radioligand assay (RLA). Blood samples were obtained from the peripheral vein and finger tip in 32 healthy controls, 35 T1DM and 24 T2DM patients, and tested with micro-plate RBA and then compared with the conventional RLA to investigate the reliability of finger tip sampling. Linear correlation,student's t-test, variance analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed using SPSS 11.5. Results (1) The optimized conditions of micro-plate RBA included 2 μl serum incubated with3 ×104 counts/min 35S-GAD for 24 h under slow vibration, antigen-antibody compounds washed 10 times by 4℃ PBS buffer, and radioactivity counted with Optiphase Supermix scintillation liquid. (2)The intra-batch CV of the micro-plate RBA was 3.8%- 10.2%, and the inter-batch CV was 5.6%- 11.9%. The linearity analysis showed a good correlation when the GAD-Ab in serum samples ranged from 40.3 to 664 U/ml and the detection limit of measurement was 3.6 U/ml. The results from Diabetes Autoantibody Standardization Program (DASP) 2005 showed that the sensitivity and specificity for GAD-Ab were 78% (39 positive among 50 new-onset T1DM) and 98% (2 positive among 100 healthy controls). The results of GAD-Ab obtained with micro-plate RBA and RLA were closely correlated (r=0.915,P<0.001) with a high concordance level of 97.5% and a Kappa value of 0.95. (3)TI DM and T2DM patients showed higher positive rates for GAD-Ab than the healthy controls(46.9% and 5.2% vs 0.89% ,X2=123.5 and 10. 1 ,P <0.001 and <0.01, respectively). (4)The consistency of GAD-Ab measurement with RBA using finger tip blood and RLA measurement using venous blood was 96.7% (r =0.946,P <0.001, Kappa value: 0.905). Conclusions The micro-plate RBA of GAD-Ab has high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and can be measured with finger tip blood sampling. It might be a better alternative for clinical practice.

Corrlation of dorsal artery of foot with type 2 diabetes mellitus on ultrasonography / 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

Objective To evaluate the correlation between lesions of dorsal artery of foot and type 2 diabetes on CDFI. Methods Dorsal artery of foot was examinated in 97 cases with type 2 diabetes and 46 cases without diabetes mellitus. Results There were variable changes in intima-media of dorsal artery of foot in type 2 diabetes patients.And the patients with hyperlipidemia and hypertension showed serious lesions in the dorsal artery of foot and bifurcation of the blood vessel .Simple arteriosclerosis showed not only lesions in intima-media of dorsal artery of foot but also relative mild lesions in bifurcation of the blood vessel. Blood vessel lesion incidence in type 2 diabetes was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions There was a significant correlation between lesions of dorsal artery of foot and type 2 diabetes patient's condition. CDFI is an effective method in evaluating patient's condition, degree and prognosis of type 2 diabetes, and has an important clinical value in early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.Simple arteriosclerosis showed focal lesions in bifurcation of the blood vessel while dorsal artery of foot showed relatively mild lesions .

Plasma total homocysteine and macrovascular complications are associated with food and nutrient intake in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus

The present study was conducted to document the association between plasma homocysteine levels and the presence of macrovascular angiopathy with food and nutrient intake patterns among patients with Type II diabetes mellitus in Korea. Plasma total homocysteine concentration was analyzed by HPLC-fluorescence detector method in 127 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Logistic regression analyses were performed respectively to study the association of plasma homocysteine levels with clinical and dietary characteristics and macroangiopathy (MA). The average plasma homocysteine level of patients with MA was 14.2 micromol/l, which was significantly higher than that of patients without MA (11.4 micromol/l). The proportions of patients with MA showed a significant difference, being 32.3% in hyperhomocysteinemic (>14.0 micromol/l) patients and 13.5% in others with homocysteine levels lower than 14.0 micromol/l. Odds ratios for macroangiopathy by tertile increase of plasma homocysteine concentration were 1.633 (Q2) and 4.831 (Q3), when adjusted for age, sex, and cigarette smoking. Patients with MA consumed reduced amounts of vitamin B1, B2, and folate. The results indicate that the plasma homocysteine levels are significantly increased in NIDDM patients who have macroangiopathy. Dietary management such as increased fruits and vegetables and decreased potatoes and starches might be beneficial for the prevention of macroangiopathy in diabetic patients.

The Analysis of High Sensitive C-reactive Protein and Microvascular Complications and Its Relative Factors in Patients with Type2 Diabetes Mellitus / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Objective To investigate the levels of serum high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) in different stages of diabetic nephropathy and the relationship between hs-CRP and relative metabolic indexes.Methods According to their urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),164 patients with type2 diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups: 51 patients with normal UAER,59 patients with microalbuminuria and 54 patients with clinical proteinuria.The concentration of hs-CRP,relative clinical biochemical profiles and the body height,weigh,systolic & diastolic blood pressure were measured and analyzed.Correlation analysis was also done between hs-CRP and other relative indexes.Result The levels of hs-CRP were increased with increment of UAER.Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise linear regression indicated that hs-CRP was positive correlated with duration,triglyceride(TG),BMI,MAP,HOMA-IR,fibrinogen(FIB),UAER,serum creatinine(Cr),HbA1C,but negative correlated with high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C) and HOMA-B.The levels of hs-CRP in female were higher than those in male.Conclusion High level of serum hs-CRP concentration maybe a risk factor for the onset of type2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy.

Meta analysis of integrated Chinese-Western medicine therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To systematically compare the effects of integrated Chinese-Western medicine(ICWM) with Western medicine alone(WM) in treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Both a computer-aided search of PubMed,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang data and an intensive search by hand were conducted to identify all randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of ICWM with WM in treating T2DM and Meta-analysis was performed.Results Ninety six studies were collected,of which 20 studies were involved.Combined OR of efficient rate was 4.26 and its 95% confidence interval(CI) was 3.42-5.32,weighted mean difference(WMD) of fasting blood glucose(FBG),triglyceride and total cholesterol were-1.16 mmol?L-1[95%CI-1.36,-0.96],-0.27 mmol?L-1 [95%CI-0.41,-0.12],-0.71 mmol?L1 [95%CI-0.98,0.44],respectively.Conclusion ICWM has a better effect in treating T2DM compared with WM alone.

Relationship between serum IGF-Ⅱand peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetics / 中国实用内科杂志

Objective To evaluate the possible relationship between IGF-Ⅱand peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.Methods Seventy-one type 2 diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathy(Group A),Seventy-seven patients with peripheral neuropathy(Group B)and thiry healthy subjects(Group C)were recruited.Serum IGF-Ⅱwas determined in all subjects.Other clinical parameters(fasting plasma glucose、fasting plasma insulin,et al)and nerve conduction velocity were determined in Group A and Group B.Results Group B had significantly lower levels of IGF-Ⅱ,compared to GroupA and Ⅲ(P

Analysis of risk factors of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes / 中国基层医药

0.05).Conclusion The risk factors of DFL includes BMI,WHR,SBP,DBP,FINS, PINS,TC,TG and HOMA-IR.WHR and TG are the most inportant factors of all.Fatty liver is probably a predia- betic stage,and DFL is probably one of components of metabolic syndrome.