ABSTRACT
Introducción: El pie diabético es una de las complicaciones más graves y frecuentes de la diabetes mellitus, por tal motivo es importante conocer los factores de riesgo que lo desencadenan. Objetivo:Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a pie diabético en el hospital PNP Luis N. Sáenz, año 2017. Métodos: Estudio observacional, cuantitativo, retrospectivo, analítico, de casos y controles. La muestra la conformó 165 pacientes (55 casos y 110 controles) atendidos en el servicio de endocrinología en el año 2017. Se estudiaron factores de riesgo, modificables y no modificables, asociados al desarrollo de pie diabético; se recogió la información de las historias clínicas mediante una ficha de recolección de datos, la cual fue analizada mediante el programa SPSS versión 25.0 utilizando los modelos estadísticos de Chi cuadrado y el odds ratios con un nivel de significancia menor a 0.05% y un intervalo de confianza de 95%. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo asociados a pie diabético son tiempo de enfermedad (p: 0,000; OR: 12.77; IC: 4.12 39.60), hemoglobina glicosilada mal controlada (p: 0.029; OR: 4.55; IC: 1.17 17.68), onicomicosis (p: 0.014; OR: 7.10; IC: 1.48 34.07); antecedente de tabaquismo (p: 0.031; OR: 2.66; IC: 1.09 6.34) y enfermedad renal crónica (p: 0.047; OR: 3.023; IC: 1.01 9.0). Conclusión: Se concluye que hay asociación estadística significativa entre tiempo de enfermedad, hemoglobina glicosilada mal controlada, onicomicosis, enfermedad renal crónica y antecedente de tabaquismo, con desarrollar pie diabético.
Introduction: Diabetic foot is one of the most serious and frequent complications of diabetes mellitus, for this reason it is important to know the risk factors that trigger it. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with diabetic foot in the PNP Luis N. Sáenz Hospital, 2017. Methods: Observational, retrospective, analytical, case and control study of 165 patients (55 cases and 110 controls) treated in the endocrinology service in 2017. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with the development of diabetic foot were studied; the information of the clinical histories was collected through a data collection form, which was analyzed by means of the SPSS program version 25.0 using the statistical models of Chi square and the odds ratios with a level of significance less than 0.05% and a range of 95% confidence. Results: The risk factors associated with diabetic foot are disease time (p: 0.000, OR: 12.77, CI: 4.12 - 39.60); poorly controlled glycosylated hemoglobin (p: 0.029, OR: 4.55, CI: 1.17 - 17.68); Onychomycosis (p: 0.014, OR: 7.10, CI: 1.48 - 34.07); antecedent of smoking (p: 0.031, OR: 2.66, CI: 1.09 - 6.34) and chronic kidney disease (p: 0.047, OR: 3.023, CI: 1.01 - 9.0). Conclusion: We conclude that there is a statistically significant association between time of illness, poorly controlled glycosylated hemoglobin, onychomycosis, chronic kidney disease, history of smoking and developing diabetic foot.
ABSTRACT
@#Background: The prevalence of known hypertension has resulted from the progression of undiagnosed hypertension. This study is targeted to examine and compare the risk factors based on the estimated odds ratios of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on different outcome levels of hypertension. Methods: A nationwide representative secondary data from the Fourth National Health of Morbidity Survey (NHMS IV) which consists of 24,632 non-institutionalised Malaysian population conducted by the Ministry of Health in 2011 has been used. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval has been estimated using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Obese and overweight respondents exhibit increased likelihood of having undiagnosed and known hypertension. Physically inactive, ex-smokers and unclassified drinkers are found having higher likelihood to have known hypertension. However, current drinkers are found to have higher likelihood of having undiagnosed hypertension. Elderly, retirees, home makers and lower educated respondents are shown higher odds to have undiagnosed hypertension. Likewise, the likelihood of having known hypertension has been found to increase among the elderly and other Bumiputra. Conclusion: Through this research, significant predictors which consist of obese and overweight respondents, current drinkers, older respondents (above 65 years old) and primary educated respondents are having higher likelihood to have undiagnosed hypertension.
ABSTRACT
@#The aim of this study is to examine the influence of risk factors which include modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on the likelihood of newly diagnosed hypertension among Malaysians. A cross-sectional population-based survey: The Fourth National Health and Morbidity Survey (2011) was conducted by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia in 2011. The sample included 20,095 participants. This study uses binomial logistic regression techniques to predict the likelihood of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of newly diagnosed hypertension among the individuals. The analysis has been carried out by estimating odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. This study reveals that obese and overweight respondents as well as current drinkers have increased chances of having newly diagnosed hypertension. In contrast to that, only physically inactive respondents exhibit lower odds of newly diagnosed hypertension. Besides that, the significant predictors, which include older respondents, retirees and home makers, as well as lower educated respondents are respectively found to be more likely to have newly diagnosed hypertension. On the other hand, female respondents, urban dwellers, including the Chinese and Indian respondents, the highest income earners and underweight respondents have been found to have statistically significant lower odds of newly diagnosed hypertension. Through the insightful findings and evidence, this research provides a platform for the early detection and prevention of newly diagnosed hypertension. Hence, this study offers a means to monitor and control the increasing prevalence of newly diagnosed hypertension in Malaysia.
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Disease PreventionABSTRACT
This project investigated genomic epidemiology of congestive heart disease, the clinical and non-invasive techniques for diagnosis and the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with the disease were explored. Trends in the morbidity and mortality of CHD revealed an increase in the disease frequency with minor drop in its’ trajectory into the twenty-first century. While the modifiable risk factors were discussed with suitable interventions, the non-modifiable risk factors demand prompt medical diagnosis and treatment if any. The genes incriminated were listed. The relevance of pharmacogenomics cannot be overstated in the age of genomic medical science. But by far most important is the consumption of food items rich in phyto-nutrients to maximize public health and minimize the impact of dangerous lipids in our diet.