Early osseous tissue formation associated to submerged and non-submerged dental implants: a histomorphometric animal study / Formación temprana de tejido óseo asociado a implantes dentales sumergidos y no sumergidos. Un estudio histomorfométrico animal

The purpose of this research was to compare the bone formation around submerged and non-submerged implants installed in a mandible of dog. Seven beagle dogs were used in this protocol; initially, was performed extraction of posterior teeth of mandible and after 3 month healing were installed two dental implants with surface treatment (subtraction of titanium via acidification) in each hemimandible. A transmucosal healing screw of 7 mm without oclusal contact was installed at the anterior implant as a model of non-submerged implant; in the posterior implant were installed a cover screw, using the submerged technique. After six weeks of healing, histomorphometric analysis of osseous tissue between the threads was performed. Was analyzed the implant unit as well as the cervical, meddle and apical region of implant. Student t test with 5 percent significance was used. The non-submerged implant model showed more bone formation than submerged implant without statistically significance (p=0.106); for regional analyses, cervical area shows more osseous formation than middle and apical areas. The regional analyses did not present statistical difference between areas for comparative analysis of submerged and non-submerged implant model. Non-submerged implant model it's not an obstacle for osseous formation.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar la formación ósea alrededor de implantes dentales sumergidos y no sumergidos instalados en mandíbula de perro. Siete perros Beagle fueron utilizados en este protocolo; inicialmente fueron realizadas las exodoncias de dientes posteriores de mandíbula y luego de 3 meses de recuperación fueron instalados dos implantes dentales con tratamiento de superficie en cada hemimandíbula (substracción de titanio vía acidificación). En el implante anterior fue instalado también un conector transmucoso de 7 mm sin contacto oclusal y en el implante posterior fue instalado el tornillo de cierre. Luego de 6 semanas de recuperación, se realizó un análisis histomorfométrico del tejido óseo presente entre las roscas. Se analizó el implante como unidad así como también sus sectores cervical, medio y apical. Se utilizó la prueba estadística t de student con 5 por ciento de significancia estadística. El implante no sumergido presentó mayor formación ósea sin diferencias estadísticamente significativa (p=0.106); en los análisis regionales, el área cervical presentó mayor formación ósea que las áreas medianas y apicales. El análisis regional no presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos tipos de implante. El modelo de implante no sumergido no es un obstáculo para la formación ósea.

Crestal bone preservation: A review of different approaches for successful implant therapy.

The level of bone crest surrounding the implant is of utmost significance to determine osseointegrated implant success, as preservation of marginal bone height is highly important for long-term dental implant survival. Various approaches have been described in the literature to prevent the crestal bone loss, including platform switching, non-submerged approach, scalloped implants, implant design modifications, progressive loading, immediate implant placement, etc. The purpose of this paper is to review all the possible methods to preserve the crestal bone, when each method should be used and their success rates in an attempt to address this complex problem of crestal bone resorption. "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" were used to find out any studies involving platform switching concept from 1990 up to 2009. Twenty-four studies involving methods for preservation of crestal bone were evaluated, which included 26% studies on platform switching, 22% on non-submerged approach, 17% on scalloped implants, 13% on progressive loading and 22% on immediate implant placement. Crestal bone preservation should be thought of starting from the design of the implant to be placed. The technique to be followed in a given case will depend upon the density of bone, force factors by the patient, bone volume and amount of soft tissues, etc. The best possible method or the combination of the methods should be used to preserve the crestal bone for the long-term success of the implants.

An analysis of ITI implants placed in korean patients / 대한치주과학회지

The aim of this study was to analyze various data of 120 non-submerged ITI implants placed in 64 korean adults. The data were retrieved from patients' charts and registered in the computer and coded for a statistical analysis. The results revealed that the most common type of edentulism was a distal extension case, and the largest number of implants were placed in the mandibular first molar position. Implants were placed more frequently in mandibular, posterior position than maxillary, anterior position, respectively. With respect to the implant diameter and length, an implant with 4.1mm in diameter and more than 10mm in length was the most common. Since a molar position was the most prevalent position for implant placement in korean patients, clinicians should be careful about implant diameter which can resist a strong occlusal force expected in the molar position. In addition, the distance to the mandibular canal and the floor of maxillary sinus should be considered to avoid possible damages, such as nerve injury and sinus perforation in selecting a proper implant length.