Short-term effects of air pollutants on outpatient volume of respiratory diseases in Guiyang / 环境与职业医学

Background Affected by concentration, composition, and population tolerance of air pollutants, the relationship between air pollutants and population health has regional differences. There is still a research gap in Guiyang. Objective To explore the short-term effects of air pollutant concentrations in low-pollution areas on the outpatient volume of respiratory diseases. Methods Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between air pollutants, meteorological factors, and respiratory outpatient volume from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2020 in Guiyang City. A single pollutant distribution lag nonlinear model and a multi-pollutant interaction model were established based on Poisson distribution. A three-dimensional diagram was drawn to display the relationship between air pollutants and respiratory outpatient volume. Quantitative analysis was conducted on the attribution risk and lag effect of air pollutant concentration on outpatient volume of respiratory diseases in Guiyang City. Results The results of the single pollutant model showed that fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) elevated the outpatient volume of respiratory diseases. The maximum relative risk (RR) and 95%CI values of PM2.5, NO2,CO, and SO2 appeared on Day 2, 0, 5, and 6, respectively, which were 1.019 (1.015, 1.023), 1.146 (1.122, 1.171), 1.129 (1.116, 1.143), and 1.046(1.040, 1.052), respectively. For every quartile concentration increment of PM2.5, NO2, CO, or SO2, the outpatient volume of respiratory diseases increased by 0.943% (0.111%, 1.782%), 4.050% (3.573%, 4.529%), 0.595% (0.317%, 0.874%), or 0.667% (0.235%, 1.100%), respectively. The maximum RR (95%CI) of O3 was 1.015 (1.007, 1.023) and appeared on Day 0. The results of multi-pollutant model showed that PM2.5, NO2, CO, SO2, and O3 all elevated the outpatient volume of respiratory diseases. The maximum RR values of PM2.5, NO2, CO, SO2 and O3 appeared on Day 14, 0, 5, 7 and 0, respectively, which were 1.027 (1.021, 1.034), 1.213 (1.179, 1.248), 1.059 (1.043, 1.074), 1.016 (1.005, 1.026), and 1.024 (1.015, 1.033), respectively. Compared with the single pollutant model, the RR values of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 on the outpatient volume of respiratory diseases in the multi-pollutant model showed an upward trend, while the RR values of CO and SO2 in the multi-pollutant model showed a downward trend. Conclusion The impact of low concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, CO, and SO2 on human health cannot be ignored.

Recurrent Quantification Analysis Based Study of Wide-Field Calcium Imaging Data in Relation to Brain's Wake/Sleep Condition

Wide-Field Calcium Images (WFCI) directly reflect neuronal excitation, but their poor frame rate could be a drawback for time series analysis. This work was aimed at exploring the diagnostic capability retained by a time series obtained from calcium imaging data. To that purpose, we analyzed publicly available data from 2.88 hour continuous recordings of calcium images obtained from seven mice at different wake/sleep stages. Data were obtained from the Physionet portal and were submitted to Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA). The association between retrosplenial and parietal areas was also assessed. Nonlinear RQA analysis allowed to identify the right retrosplenial and parietal areas as particularly sensitive to changes in sleep walking condition. Specifically, our results suggested that the RQA feature lmean decreases in non-REM sleep_1 stage as compared to waking stage. Sleep (both sleep_1 stage and REM) apparently elicits an increase in the association between retrosplenial and parietal areas. Overall, these results suggest that RQA and association analysis are appropriate to assess modifications associated to changes in brain condition, in spite of the low sampling rate of WFCI signals.

Las Imágenes de Calcio de Campo Ancho (Wide-Field Calcium Images, WFCI) reflejan directamente la excitación neuronal, pero su escasa resolución temporal pudiera resultar un impedimento para el análisis de series temporales. El presente trabajo tuvo por finalidad explorar la capacidad diagnostica que retiene una serie temporal extraída de imágenes de calcio. Para ello, se estudió una base de datos disponible en la red que contiene registros de 2.88 horas de duración de imágenes de calcio correspondientes a 7 ratones transgénicos a diferentes estadios de sueño/vigilia. Los datos fueron descargados del portal Physionet y sometidos a Análisis de Cuantificación Recurrente (Recurrent Quantification Analysis, RQA). La asociación entre las áreas retrosplenial y parietal derechas fue también evaluada. El análisis no lineal mediante RQA permitió identificar las áreas retrosplenial y parietal derechas como zonas particularmente sensibles a cambios en el estado de sueño/vigilia. Específicamente, nuestros resultados sugieren que el índice l mean se redujo en el estadio 1 de sueño no REM en comparación con el estado de vigilia. El estado de sueño, tanto REM como no-REM aparentemente induce un reforzamiento en la apreciación entre las áreas retrosplenial y parietal derechas. En su conjunto, estos resultados apuntan que el análisis de RQA y de asociación entre áreas son pertinentes para sensar las modificaciones asociadas a cambios en el estado del cerebro, a pesar de la baja resolución temporal de las señales WFCI.

HEATING TANK SYSTEM FAULT DIAGNOSTIC MECHANISM USING KERNEL PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

Nowadays, global industry is witnessing the explosion of exible manufacturing systems considered as key role for the fourth industrial revolution. Almost hardware and software producers tried their best to assure the best performance for those system. However, some chemical processes in particular requires more strict conditions beside high-accuracy operation of actuators. Chemical reactions may lead to a poor quality for output product even a small change. Therefore, beside the necessary of high-performance integrated control system, monitoring operation should be fast and correct enough to detect and isolate faults when any problems happened in system. In this paper, a method for process fault detection and diagnostic based on data-driven estimation is investigated. In this method, the process fault is detected based on the error between process model response and process response. The Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) is utilized to classify errors for fault diagnostic. In this research, the method is veried on Stirred-Tank Heating Process. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method

LC-MS/MS method for the determination of an anti-tumor compound C17 in nude mice plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study / 药学学报

C17 is an orally available anti-tumor compound inhibiting cancer stem cell (CSC). In this study, a stable, sensitive and simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established and validated, and was further applied to a pharmacokinetic study in nude mice receiving C17 by gavage. Using propranolol as the internal standard, the plasma samples were pre-treated by precipitation with methanol and analyzed on an Intersil C8-3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 3 μm), and gradient elution was performed with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous and solution mixed up by 90% isopropanol and 10% acetonitrile. The analyte was detected by a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer, and multiple reaction monitoring was employed to select C17 at m/z 439.3/247.1 and propranolol at m/z 260.2/116.2 in the positive ion mode. The calibration curves were linear (r > 0.995) over the range of 5-800 ng·mL-1. The intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracies were 7.42%-13.22% and -8.99%-8.81% respectively. The method was successfully applied to a PK study in nude mice administered with a single oral dose of 50 mg·kg-1 C17, and the PK data were analyzed with non-linear mixed effect model (NONMEM). Two separated absorption peaks were found in the PK curve of C17, and a two-compartment model with two sequential first-order absorption rate was utilized to describe the PK properties of C17, and the model could provide insights into the physiological process and exposure of C17 in nude mice. All animal experiments were in strict accordance with the regulations of the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University.

Study on the effect of temperature on the risk of hand, foot and mouth disease in Chengdu / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the effect of temperature on the risk of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and population susceptibility. Methods The data of HFMD cases in Chengdu from January 1, 2016 to October 31, 2022 were collected, and local meteorological data during the same period were also collected. Distributional lag nonlinear models were developed. The relative risk (RR) of morbidity at different temperatures and different lags was calculated. Differences in the relative risk levels of different populations were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 263 776 cases of HFDM were reported in Chengdu during the study period. The distribution of HFMD was periodic. For the overall population, the short-term average temperature and RR showed a “U”-shaped relationship. When the lag time was 0-7 days, the cumulative RR was 1.59 (95%CI: 1.18-2.14) at the average temperature of -0.5℃ and 2.16 (95%CI: 1.60-2.91) at the average temperature of 34.5℃. The RR values under high and low temperatures decreased with increasing lag period. When the lag time was extended, the average temperature and RR showed an inverted “U”-shaped relationship, with higher RR at moderate temperatures and increasing as the lag period increased. The results of the subgroups showed that the RR of onset among scattered children was higher at high and low temperatures. Conclusion The risk effect of temperature on the onset of HFMD in different populations is variable and changes with the lag period, and the prevention and control measures should be adjusted in a timely and targeted manner.

Correlation between PM 2.5 in Taiyuan city and the number of elderly patients with chronic kidney disease admitted to hospital from 2019 to 2021 / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between atmospheric particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) concentration and the number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) hospital admissions in the elderly in Taiyuan city. Methods:The atmospheric PM 2.5 concentration in Taiyuan city during 2019—2021 was used as the environmental exposure data, and the number of CKD admission of the elderly patients (> 60 years old) in Taiyuan city at the same time was used as the disease progression index. The distributed lag nonlinear model was used to analyze overall and lag effects of PM 2.5 average daily concentration on the elderly patients admitted to CKD. Results:A total of 6 037 cases elderly patients with CKD admitted to hospital were included, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.36∶1. The average daily concentration of PM 2.5 was 52.80 μg/m 3, which did not exceed China's air quality standard (75 μg/m3); But in autumn and winter, the average daily concentration of PM 2.5 significantly exceeded the normal reference value, with the highest value reaching 302 μg/m 3. The relationship between the average daily concentration of PM 2.5 and the number of elderly patients admitted to CKD was nonlinear and there was a lag effect. The relative risk ( RR) value reached the maximum when PM 2.5 average daily concentration was 87 μg/m 3 with lag time of 11 days [1.074(95% CI 1.018-1.321)]. The subgroup analysis results showed that the risk of admission of elderly female CKD patients was higher than that of male patients with lag time of 10 days, and the RR was 1.073(95% CI 1.001-1.151). Elderly CKD patients with hypertension (PM 2.5 87 μg/m 3) and diabetes (PM 2.5 88 μg/m 3) had a higher risk of admission when exposed to PM 2.5, with maximum RR values of 1.067(95% CI 1.002-1.136) and 1.162(95% CI 1.021-1.320), respectively. Conclusions:High atmospheric PM 2.5 concentration in Taiyuan city can increase the risk of admission in elderly patients with CKD, especially in women and patients with hypertension or diabetes.

Non-linear characteristic of acupoint resistance and its application / 中国针灸

Acupoint specificity is a key scientific issue in acupuncture and moxibustion. Acupoint electric resistance is a commonly-used biophysical index to study the functional specificity of acupoints. The non-linear characteristics of acupoint electric resistance have great impacts on the measured values, but it has been greatly ignored. By analyzing the non-linear characteristics of acupoint resistance and its application in the study of acupoint function specificity, a new idea of introducing chaos theory and technology into the study of acupoint function is proposed.

Effect of diurnal temperature difference on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Urumqi in 2019-2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the effect of diurnal temperature difference on hospitalization volume of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Urumqi City. Methods The daily hospitalization data for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Urumqi City from 2019-2021, and meteorological and pollutant data for the same period were collected. The relationship between diurnal temperature range and hospitalizations for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was analyzed using a distribution lag non-linear model (DLNM), controlling for the long-term trends, the day-of-week effects and other factors. Results The greater the diurnal temperature range, the longer the lag time, and the higher the risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The lag effect increased significantly when the maximum diurnal temperature range reached 21.0°C. The risk effect appeared on the day of exposure and lasted until day 20, with a maximum RR of 1.266 (95% CI: 1.129-1.421) at a lag of 13 days. At very high diurnal temperature range, the risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in the cold season than that in the warm season. Results after stratified analysis by sex and age showed that men and people aged ≥65 years were more susceptible to diurnal temperature range. Conclusion Extremely high diurnal temperature range is a potential trigger for hospitalization for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Urumqi. Men and people aged ≥65 years are more vulnerable to the impact of diurnal temperature range. In the cold season, more attention should be paid to protecting vulnerable people from the impact of the extremely high diurnal temperature difference.

Effect of Diurnal Temperature Range on the Number of Residents Hospitalized Due to Stroke in Lanzhou / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the relationship between diurnal temperature range (DTR) and the hospitalization of stroke in Lanzhou,so as to provide a scientific basis for probing into the mechanism of temperature changes in inducing stroke and formulating comprehensive prevention and control measures for stroke by relevant departments.Methods The information of the patients hospitalized due to stroke in Lanzhou during January 2014 to December 2019 and the air pollutants (PM10,SO2,and NO2) and meteorological data in the same period were collected for statistical analysis.Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlations between air pollutants and meteorological factors.The distributed lag nonlinear model was adopted to fit the relationship between DTR and the number of stroke inpatients,and three-dimensional diagrams and the correlation diagrams of DTR against stroke risk were established.The stratified analysis was performed according to gender and age (< 65 years and ≥65 years).Results From 2014 to 2019,a total of 92 812 stroke patients were hospitalized in Lanzhou,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.35:1.There was a nonlinear relationship between DTR and the number of stroke inpatients in Lanzhou,which presented a lag effect.The low DTR at 4.5 ℃ had the largest RR value of 1.25 (95%CI=1.16-1.35) for stroke inpatients at a cumulative lag of 18 d.The effect of high DTR (18.5 ℃) on the hospitalization of stroke patients peaked at a cumulative lag of 21 d,with an RR value of 1.09 (95%CI=1.01-1.18).The stratified analysis results suggested that low levels of DTR had greater effects on the hospitalization of male stroke patients and stroke patients <65 years.Conclusions Short-term exposure to different levels of DTR had an impact on the number of stroke inpatients,and low levels of DTR had a slightly greater impact on stroke inpatients than high levels of DTR.Importance should be attached to the protection of males and people aged <65 years at low levels of DTR.

Study on quantitative analysis of bracket-induced nonlinear response of labio-cheek soft tissue during the orthodontic process / 生物医学工程学杂志

In the orthodontics process, intervention and sliding of an orthodontic bracket during the orthodontic process can arise large response of the labio-cheek soft tissue. Soft tissue damage and ulcers frequently happen at the early stage of orthodontic treatment. In the field of orthodontic medicine, qualitative analysis is always carried out through statistics of clinical cases, while quantitative explanation of bio-mechanical mechanism is lacking. For this purpose, finite element analysis of a three-dimensional labio-cheek-bracket-tooth model is conducted to quantify the bracket-induced mechanical response of the labio-cheek soft tissue, which involves complex coupling of contact nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity. Firstly, based on the biological composition characteristics of labio-cheek, a second-order Ogden model is optimally selected to describe the adipose-like material of the labio-cheek soft tissue. Secondly, according to the characteristics of oral activity, a two-stage simulation model of bracket intervention and orthogonal sliding is established, and the key contact parameters are optimally set. Finally, the two-level analysis method of overall model and submodel is used to achieve efficient solution of high-precision strains in submodels based on the displacement boundary obtained from the overall model calculation. Calculation results with four typical tooth morphologies during orthodontic treatment show that: ① the maximum strain of soft tissue is distributed along the sharp edges of the bracket, consistent with the clinically observed profile of soft tissue deformation; ② the maximum strain of soft tissue is reduced as the teeth align, consistent with the clinical manifestation of common damage and ulcers at the beginning of orthodontic treatment and reduced patient discomfort at the end of treatment. The method in this paper can provide reference for relevant quantitative analysis studies in the field of orthodontic medical treatment at home and abroad, and further benefit to the product development analysis of new orthodontic devices.

Effect of temperature on the risk of varicella in Lu'an City / 预防医学

Objective@#To examine the effect of temperature on the risk of varicella in Lu'an City, Anhui Province, so as to provide insights into varicella prevention and control. @*Methods@#Data on incidence of varicella in Lu'an City from 2010 to 2021 were collected from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control System, and meteorological data in Lu'an City were also collected from National Meteorological Science Data Center and China National Urban Air Quality Real-Time Publishing Platform during the same period. The effect of temperature on the risk of varicella was examined using a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) and subgroup analyses for gender and age were conducted. The effects of extremely low and high temperatures on the cumulative risk of varicella and trends in the cumulative risk of varicella over time were analyzed using a time-varying DLNM. @*Results@# Totally 25 318 varicella cases were reported in Lu'an City from 2010 to 2021, including 15 013 men (59.30%) and 10 305 women (40.70%). The median number of varicella cases was 4 (interquartile range, 6) cases, and the daily median air temperature was 17.50 (interquartile range, 15.80) ℃, with the lowest temperature recorded as -5.80 ℃ and the highest temperatures as 34.90 ℃. The results from the DLNM showed that the extremely low temperatures reduced the risk of varicella (RR=0.522, 95%CI: 0.375-0.728) in relative to median temperature, while extremely high temperature increased the risk of varicella (RR=1.604, 95%CI: 1.112-2.316). Subgroup analysis revealed the effect curve for men was similar to total populations (extremely low temperature: RR=0.497, 95%CI: 0.331-0.746; extremely high temperature: RR=1.978, 95%CI: 1.260-3.106), and the effect of temperature on varicella risk was mainly concentrated among children at ages of 6 to 12 years (extremely low temperature: RR=0.426, 95%CI: 0.247-0.736; extremely high temperature: RR=2.431, 95%CI: 1.378-4.288). The results from the time-varying DLNM revealed that the cumulative risk of varicella due to both extremely low and high temperatures appeared a tendency towards a rise over years (P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#Low temperature may reduce the risk of varicella, while high temperature increases the risk of varicella in Lu'an City, which is more remarkable among men and children at ages of 6 to 12 years. The cumulative risk of varicella at both extremely low and high temperatures shows a tendency towards a rise over years.

Comparison of prediction ability of two extended Cox models in nonlinear survival data analysis / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the predictive ability of two extended Cox models in nonlinear survival data analysis.@*METHODS@#Through Monte Carlo simulation and empirical study and with the conventional Cox Proportional Hazards model and Random Survival Forests as the reference models, we compared restricted cubic spline Cox model (Cox_RCS) and DeepSurv neural network Cox model (Cox_DNN) for their prediction ability in nonlinear survival data analysis. Concordance index was used to evaluate the differentiation of the prediction results (a larger concordance index indicates a better prediction ability of the model). Integrated Brier Score was used to evaluate the calibration degree of the prediction (a smaller index indicates a better prediction ability).@*RESULTS@#For data that met requirement of the proportion risk, the Cox_RCS model had the best prediction ability regardless of the sample size or deletion rate. For data that failed to meet the proportion risk, the prediction ability of Cox_DNN was optimal for a large sample size (≥500) with a low deletion (< 40%); the prediction ability of Cox_RCS was superior to those of other models in all other scenarios. For example data, the Cox_RCS model showed the best performance.@*CONCLUSION@#In analysis of nonlinear low maintenance data, Cox_RCS and Cox_DNN have their respective advantages and disadvantages in prediction. The conventional survival analysis methods are not inferior to machine learning or deep learning methods under certain conditions.

Application of brain functional connectivity and nonlinear dynamic analysis in brain function assessment for infants with controlled infantile spasm / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the role of brain functional connectivity and nonlinear dynamic analysis in brain function assessment for infants with controlled infantile spasm (IS).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 14 children with controlled IS (IS group) who were admitted to the Department of Neurology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, from January 2019 to January 2023. Twelve healthy children, matched for sex and age, were enrolled as the control group. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were analyzed for both groups to compare the features of brain network, and nonlinear dynamic indicators were calculated, including approximate entropy, sample entropy, permutation entropy, and permutation Lempel-Ziv complexity.@*RESULTS@#Brain functional connectivity showed that compared with the control group, the IS group had an increase in the strength of functional connectivity, and there was a significant difference between the two groups in the connection strength between the Fp2 and F8 channels (P<0.05). The network stability analysis showed that the IS group had a significantly higher network stability than the control group at different time windows (P<0.05). The nonlinear dynamic analysis showed that compared with the control group, the IS group had a significantly lower sample entropy of Fz electrode (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Abnormalities in brain network and sample entropy may be observed in some children with controlled IS, and it is suggested that quantitative EEG analysis parameters can serve as neurological biomarkers for evaluating brain function in children with IS.

Alzheimer's disease classification based on nonlinear high-order features and hypergraph convolutional neural network / 生物医学工程学杂志

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that damages patients' memory and cognitive abilities. Therefore, the diagnosis of AD holds significant importance. The interactions between regions of interest (ROIs) in the brain often involve multiple areas collaborating in a nonlinear manner. Leveraging these nonlinear higher-order interaction features to their fullest potential contributes to enhancing the accuracy of AD diagnosis. To address this, a framework combining nonlinear higher-order feature extraction and three-dimensional (3D) hypergraph neural networks is proposed for computer-assisted diagnosis of AD. First, a support vector machine regression model based on the radial basis function kernel was trained on ROI data to obtain a base estimator. Then, a recursive feature elimination algorithm based on the base estimator was applied to extract nonlinear higher-order features from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. These features were subsequently constructed into a hypergraph, leveraging the complex interactions captured in the data. Finally, a four-dimensional (4D) spatiotemporal hypergraph convolutional neural network model was constructed based on the fMRI data for classification. Experimental results on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database demonstrated that the proposed framework outperformed the Hyper Graph Convolutional Network (HyperGCN) framework by 8% and traditional two-dimensional (2D) linear feature extraction methods by 12% in the AD/normal control (NC) classification task. In conclusion, this framework demonstrates an improvement in AD classification compared to mainstream deep learning methods, providing valuable evidence for computer-assisted diagnosis of AD.

Social and health vulnerability of homeless people / Vulnerabilidad social y sanitaria de personas en situación de calle / Vulnerabilidade social e de saúde de pessoas em situação de rua

ABSTRACT The objective is to conduct a theoretical reflection on the social and health vulnerability of homeless people, from the perspective of complexity thinking. Study with a theoretical and reflective approach that accessed bibliographical sources of contemporary authors who seek to understand the phenomenon of homeless populations and, at the same time, attribute theoretical support from the reference of complexity, under a critical and analytical bias. Health is conceived as a subsystem of the social system that transcends any linear and punctual diagnostic perspective. Theoretical reflection on the social and health vulnerability of homeless people sparks a unique and multidimensional apprehension of the human being - a complex unit par excellence, which demands equally complex interventions.

RESUMEN El objetivo es realizar una reflexión teórica sobre la vulnerabilidad social y sanitaria de las personas en situación de calle desde la perspectiva del pensamiento de la complejidad. Se trata de un estudio con enfoque teórico y reflexivo basado en fuentes bibliográficas de autores contemporáneos que buscan comprender el fenómeno de las poblaciones sin hogar y, paralelamente, aportar sustento teórico desde el marco de la complejidad, bajo un sesgo crítico y analítico. La salud está concebida como un subsistema del medio social que trasciende cualquier perspectiva diagnóstica, lineal y puntual. La reflexión teórica sobre la vulnerabilidad social y sanitaria de las personas en situación de calle suscita una percepción singular y multidimensional del ser humano, unidad compleja por excelencia, que exige intervenciones igualmente complejas.

RESUMO Objetiva-se conduzir reflexão teórica sobre a vulnerabilidade social e de saúde de pessoas em situação de rua, na perspectiva do pensamento da complexidade. Estudo de abordagem teórico-reflexiva que acessou fontes bibliográficas de autores contemporâneos que buscam compreender o fenômeno das populações em situação de rua e, paralelamente, aprofundar a temática à luz do referencial da complexidade, sob um viés crítico e analítico. Concebe-se a saúde como subsistema do sistema social que transcende qualquer perspectiva diagnóstica linear e pontual. A reflexão teórica acerca da vulnerabilidade social e de saúde de pessoas em situação de rua acende uma apreensão singular e multidimensional de ser humano - unidade complexa por excelência, que demanda intervenções, igualmente, complexas.

A complexidade do cuidado para o controle térmico do recém-nascido prematuro / The complexity of care for the thermal control of the premature infant

RESUMO Objetivo compreender a percepção dos enfermeiros sobre a complexidade do cuidado para o controle térmico do recém-nascido prematuro. Métodos estudo qualitativo realizado com 13 enfermeiros de maternidade pública, por meio de entrevista virtual, com roteiro semiestruturado, submetido à Análise de Conteúdo e interpretado pelo suporte teórico do modelo do sistema adaptativo complexo de cuidado. Resultados os fatores presentes nos cuidados dos enfermeiros no controle térmico do recém-nascido prematuro estão relacionados à complexidade permeada por fatores ambientais como a temperatura da unidade e a distribuição das correntes de ar condicionado; fatores institucionais como a disponibilização e uso correto de tecnologias, e aos relacionados com o profissional, como atuação, treinamento e capacitação. Conclusão adequar a temperatura da unidade; melhor distribuição das correntes do ar condicionado; a disponibilidade de tecnologias; política de educação continuada no serviço; treinamentos de manuseio dos equipamentos; fiscalização e exigência de manutenção preventiva e corretiva dos aparelhos podem influenciar a redução dos eventos de instabilidade térmica do recém-nascido prematuro. Contribuições para a prática estimular a qualificação profissional, planejamento de ações intersetoriais para a estruturação tecnológica e manutenção preventiva das unidades, sistematização da assistência ao recém-nascido prematuro no controle térmico minimizando o risco de morbimortalidade neonatal por instabilidade térmica.

ABSTRACT Objective to understand the perception of nurses about the complexity of care for thermal control of the premature infant. Methods qualitative study conducted with 13 nurses from a public maternity hospital, through virtual interviews, with semi-structured script, submitted to Content Analysis and interpreted by the theoretical support of the complex adaptive care system model. Results the factors present in nurses' care in thermal control of premature infants are related to the complexity permeated by environmental factors such as the temperature of the unit and distribution of air conditioning currents; institutional factors such as the availability and correct use of technologies, and those related to the professional, such as performance, training, and qualification. Conclusion adjusting the temperature of the unit; better distribution of the air conditioning currents; availability of technologies; a policy of continued education in the service; training in handling the equipment; supervision and requirement for preventive and corrective maintenance of the devices can influence the reduction of thermal instability events in premature infants. Contributions to practice stimulating professional qualification, planning of intersectoral actions for technological structuring and preventive maintenance of the units, systematization of assistance to premature infants in thermal control minimizing risk of neonatal morbimortality due to thermal instability.

Proposal of a non-linear model to adjust in vitro gas production at different incubation times

This work aims to propose a new model named Gompertz-Von Bertalanffy bicompartmental (GVB), a combination of the models Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy. The GVB models is applied to fit the kinetic curve of cumulative gas production (CGP) of four foods (SS ­ sunflower silage; CS ­ corn silage; and the mixtures 340SS ­ 660 gkg-1 of corn silage and 340 gkg-1 of sunflower silage; and 660SS ­ 340 gkg-1 of corn silage and 660 gkg-1 of sunflower silage). The GVB fit is compared to models Logistic-Von Bertalanffy bicompartmental (LVB) and bicompartmental logistic (BL). All the process studied employed the semi-automatic "in vitro" technique of producing gases used in ruminant nutrition. The gas production readout was performed at times 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 24, 30, 48, 72, and 96 h. The data generated were used to estimate the models' parameters by the least squared method with the iterative Gauss-Newton process. The data fit quality of the models was verified using the adjusted coefficient of determination criterion (), mean residual square (MRS), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and mean absolute deviation (MAD). Among the analyzed models, the LVB model presented the best quality of fit evaluators for CS. In contrast, the GVB model showed better quality of fit to describe CGP over time for 340SS, 660SS, and SS, presenting the highest values of () and the lowest values of MSR, AIC, and MAD.

Análise não linear pela reconstrução do espaço de fase de vozes saudáveis de idosos / Nonlinear analysis by phase space reconstruction of healthy elderly voices

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar medidas acústicas das vozes de idosos pela análise não linear e realizar a comparação entre os sexos. Método Participaram 29 idosos, falantes do Português Brasileiro, vocalmente saudáveis: 14 homens e 15 mulheres. Todas as vozes foram julgadas como vocalmente saudáveis por três fonoaudiólogas treinadas, por meio de avaliação perceptivo-auditiva. A análise acústica não linear foi realizada pela análise da Reconstrução de Espaço de Fase utilizando o programa Análise de Voz. Resultados Foi observado diferença significativa no parâmetro irregularidade (p=0,001) e espaçamento (p=0,005) entre os sexos, com resultados piores no grupo masculino. Enquanto 93% das vozes masculinas apresentaram graus 2 ou 3 de irregularidade, estes graus foram observados em 53% das vozes femininas. Em 78,6% das vozes masculinas foi observado espaçamento de médio a grande, fato observado somente em 26,7% das mulheres. Conclusão Os resultados da análise não linear, por meio da REF, com a utilização do protocolo CIE, em vozes de idosos, mostraram o melhor resultado quanto ao número de curvas (quatro ou mais). Em relação à irregularidade do traçado, nos homens, a maioria apresentou graus 2 e 3 e nas mulheres, a metade apresentou grau 1. Relativo ao espaçamento, 78,6% das vozes masculinas foi observado espaçamento de médio a grande, fato observado somente em 26,7% das mulheres. Houve diferença entre os sexos nos achados vocais de idosos pelo protocolo CIE com a análise de Reconstrução de Espaço de Fase, apontado piores resultados na irregularidade e espaçamento na população masculina, o que sugere maior aperiodicidade vocal em homens idosos.

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the results of the non-linear acoustic analysis of elderly male and female voices, speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. Methods Recordings of 14 men and 15 women were used. The voices were consensually judged to be vocally healthy by three trained speech therapists. The non-linear acoustic analysis was performed by the Phase Space Reconstruction (PSR) analysis using the Voice Analysis program. Results A significant difference was observed in the parameter irregularity (p = 0.001) and spacing (p = 0.005), with worse results for the male group. While 93% of male voices presented degrees 2 or 3 of irregularity, these degrees were observed in 53% of female voices. In 78.6% of male voices, medium to large spacing was observed, a fact observed only in 26.7% of women. Conclusion The results of the non-linear analysis, through the Phase Space Reconstruction, using the CIS Protocol, in the voices of the elderly, showed the best result in terms of the number of curves (four or more). Regarding the irregularity of the tracing, in men, the majority presented grades 2 and 3 and in women, half presented grade 1. Regarding the spacing, 78.6% of the male voices had medium to large spacing, a fact observed only in 26.7% of women.There was a difference between the sexes in the vocal findings of the elderly by the CIS protocol with the PSR, pointing out worse results irregularity and spacing in the male population, which suggests greater vocal aperiodicity in elderly men.

Productividad y curvas de crecimiento usando modelos no lineales en un cruce de ovino de pelo colombiano x pelibuey

Los ovinos criollos de pelo (OCP) desarrollaron ventajas adaptativas al climática tropical, que le permiten tener resistencia a enfermedades, alta fertilidad y prolificidad; sin embargo, se reportan pocas investigaciones sobre la productividad de los OCP en sistemas asociados al cultivo de la caña, lo que hace necesario realizar investigaciones, que permitan fomentar sus atributos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la productividad y el desarrollo corporal de un cruce de OCP, mediante parámetros productivos y curvas de crecimiento. Se utilizaron 180 animales de partos simples y múltiples; se registró el peso al nacimiento (PN), al destete (PD), a los 210 días (PAJ210) y las ganancias diarias predestete (GDPRE) y posdestete (GDPOS). Los datos, se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, con un GLM, con los efectos sexo (S), tipo de nacimiento (TN), número de partos (NP) y época de nacimiento (EPONAC). Se emplearon los modelos no lineales Gompertz, Logístico, Brody, Richards y Von Bertalanffy, en 1.455 registros de pesos, a diferentes edades, para realizar las curvas de crecimiento. Los análisis, se efectuaron con el paquete estadístico SAS. Se consideraron los coeficientes R2, AIC y BIC, obtenidos por el método de Gauss-Newton, para seleccionar el modelo de mejor ajuste. Los machos presentaron mayores promedios en las variables PN, PD, PAJ210 y GDPOS. El TN afectó todas las variables; el PN y las GDPOS fueron afectadas por el NP y, la EPONAC, afectó PN, las GDPRE, el PAJ210 y las GDPOS. El modelo de mejor ajuste para las curvas de crecimiento fue la de Richards.

The creole hair sheep (CHS) developed adaptive advantages to the tropical climate, which allow them to have resistance to diseases, high fertility and prolificacy. Currently, there is little research on the productivity of CHS in systems associated with the cultivation of sugarcane, which makes it necessary to carry out research to promote its attributes. The purpose of this research was to analyze the productivity and body development of a crossing of CHS, using production parameters and growth curves.180 animals of single and multiple births were used; the follow weight was recorded: at birth (WB), at weaning (WW); at 210 days (W210), and furthermore, daily gains of pre-weaning (WDPRE) and post-weaning (WPPOS) were recorded. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with a GLM with the effects sex (S), type of birth (TB), number of births (NB) and period of birth (PB). The non-linear models Gompertz, Logistic, Brody, Richards and Von Bertalanffy were used in 1455 records of weights at different ages to perform growth curves. All analyzes were performed with the SAS statistical package. The R2, AIC and BIC coefficients obtained by the Gauss-Newton method were considered to select the best fit model. The males presented higher averages in the variables WB, WW, W210) and WPOS. The TB affected all the variables; The WB and the WPPOS were affected by the NB and the PB affected the WB, the WDPRE, the W210 and the WPPOS. The best fit model for the growth curves was of Richards.