ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Diverse tools dedicated to the assessment of various NTS components during cardiopulmonary resuscitation have been published for medical professionals, nevertheless there are no precise measures for the assessment of emergency resuscitation relevant in the context of non-medical community. The aim of the study is to combine and develop a valid and reliable nontechnical skills (NTS) tool for basic life support emergency resuscitation training via simulation learning for flight attendant. Methods: (1) Selection and combination of relevant items into a draft instrument with a UKM specialist team. (2) Obtaining the expert’s review from various specialty for content validity. (3) Instrument testing through pilot study on five recorded simulated case scenarios involving four different elements of nontechnical skills (teamwork, communication, decision making & situation awareness) which were demonstrated in a medical emergency (acute myocardial infarction) (4) Obtaining the internal consistency & inter-rater reliability of the instrument. Results: Through expert review, selected items had been found to have an excellent total content validity index of 1.00. A single mean of both raters yielded a good internal consistency of 0.77. Strong correlations of both ratings from raters in each video ranging from 0.69 to 0.93 (p < .05). There was a good inter-rater reliability (ICC 0.68) and a good agreement (Kappa 0.62 – 0.81) among raters. Conclusion: The CETAM was found to be a reliable and valid instrument and should be beneficial for the measurement of NTS, nevertheless further evaluation is required to fully determined its properties before reaching definitive conclusion.
Subject(s)
Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationABSTRACT
In urology technologies and surgical practices are constantly evolving and virtual reality (VR) simulation has become a significant supplement to existing urology methods in the training curricula of urologists. However, new developments in urology also require training and simulation for a wider application. In order to achieve this VR and simulation could play a central role. The purpose of this article is a review of the principal applications for VR and simulation in the field of urology education and to demonstrate the potential for the propagation of new progressive treatments. Two different cases are presented as examples: exposure therapy for paruresis and virtual cystoscopy for diagnosis and surgery of bladder cancer. The article uses research and publications listed in openly accessible directories and is organized into 3 sections: The first section covers features of VR and simulation technologies. The second one presents confirmed applications of current technologies in urology education and showcases example future applications in the domain of bladder treatment and surgery. The final section discusses the potential of the technology to improve health care quality.
Subject(s)
Curriculum , Cystoscopy , Diagnosis , Education , Implosive Therapy , Quality of Health Care , Urinary Bladder , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , UrologyABSTRACT
@#The importance of nontechnical skills among healthcare professionals is gaining widespread recognition as criticalelements complementing technical skills that are used to improve patients’ safety. These skills are typically acquiredthrough simulation training which has emerged as an effective way to complement clinical training. Effective simulationrequires structure and effective debriefing methods to enhance its learning outcome. In previous literature, evidence of theeffectiveness of healthcare simulation was available but studies evaluating debriefing method(s) remain sparse. In thispaper, the effectiveness of debriefing methods in eight studies on the acquisition of nontechnical skills among healthcareprofessionals is reviewed. Articles published from 1st January 2016 across three different databases were referred to. Theresults of the review show a statistically significant improvement in the performance of nontechnical and technical skillsacross different professionals through various methods of debriefing. Nontechnical skills such as teamwork, effectivecommunication, decision-making, and situational awareness have improved significantly. In addition, integration ofrealism in simulation learning has begun to emerge as an effective technique of providing a real world experience.However, there was lack of detailed information on the length and type of debriefing conducted in the studies. Thesemethods clearly require further research since the key to successful simulation learning is through debriefing which isthe heart of simulation.