Normal Predicted Value of Airway Resistance by Flow Interrupter Technique in Korean Kindergarden Children / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

PURPOSE: To get the normal predicted value of airway resistance in Korean kindergarten children by using a flow interrupter technique which is simple and easy enough to be applicable even to young children. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty children (male 126, female 124) were enrolled from two kinderdargen in Inchon. Excluded children were out of normal range of Korean growth standard, without any history and/or on-going symptom and sign of airway diseases. One medical doctor, well trained to the Microlab 4000 (Micromedical Co., England, educated those children in advance and carried out all the procedure. the Rint (airway resistance by interrupter technique) was checked 5 times. After the exclusion of both the highest and the lowest values, we got the average of remaining 3 values as the Rint (in both inspiratory and expiratory phases). The mean, standard deviation, regression equation, correlation coefficient for each group of age, height, weight, and chest circumference in both sex were investigated. RESULTS: 1) Age ranged from 3 to 5 years. 3-year-old boys' Rint were 1.89+/-0.76 kPa.l(-1).s and 1.78+/-0.71 kPa.l(-1).s in inspiratory and expiratory phase, respectively. Those for girls were 1.94+/-0.73 kPa.l(-1).s and 1.72+/-0.73 kPa.l(-1).s. The Rint was decreased as the children got older. 2) Height ranged from 91 to 120 cm. Rint of boys from 96 to 100 cm in height were 1.86+/-0.70 kPa.l(-1).s and 1.54+/-0.49 kPa.l(-1).s in inspiratory and expiratory phase, respectively. Those for girls were 1.68+/-0.72 kPa.l(-1).s and 1.71+/-0.77 kPa.l(-1).s. The Rint was decreased as the children got taller. 3) Weight ranged from 13 to 27 kg. Rint of boys from 13 to 15 kg in weight were 1.49+/-0.76 kPa.l(-1).s and 1.55+/-1.00 kPa.l(-1).s in inspiratory and expiratory phase, respectively. Those for girls were 1.78+/-0.83 kPa.l(-1).s and 1.82+/-0.76 kPa.l(-1).s. The Rint was decreased as the children got heavier. 4) Chest circumference ranged from 46 to 70 cm. Rint of boys from 51 to 55 cm in chest circumference were 1.69+/-0.84 kPa.l(-1).s and 1.52+/-0.74 kPa.l(-1).s in inspiratory and expiratory phase, respectively. Those for girls were 1.63+/-0.81 kPa.l(-1).s and 1.52+/-0.74 kPa.l(-1).s. The Rint was decreased as the children's chest circumference was increased. 5) Regression equations and correlation coefficients were calculated by each group of age, height, weight, and chest circumference for both boys and girls and in both inspiratory and expiratory phases. The correlation coefficient with age was around 0.5, which was the highest among them. CONCLUSION: The normal predicted value of airway resistance by flow interrupter technique was measured. It can be used for evaluating lung condition, progression of lung disease, and the effectiveness of drugs in lung disease.

Normal Predicted Value of Airway Resistance by Flow Interrupter Technique in Korean Primary School-Aged Children

PURPOSE: To get the normal predicted value of airway resistance in Korean primary school-aged children by using flow interrupter technique which is simple and easy enough to be applicable even to young children. METHODS: Among all the children of one primary school, we selected 964 (Male 469, Female 495). Excluded children were out of normal range in growth with Korean standard and/or history and/or symptom and sign of airway diseases. One medical doctor, well trained to the Microlab 4000 (Micromedical Co. England) educated the children before check and carried out all the procedure. Rint (Airway resistnace by interrupter technique) was checked 5 times. After exclusion of both highest and lowest values, we got the average of remaining 3 values as Rint (in both inspiratory and expiratory phases). We got mean, standard deviation, regression equation, correlation coefficient in every age, height group, weight group, and chest circumference group in both sex. RESULTS: 1) Age ranged from 6 to 11 years. 6-year-old boys' Rint were 0.56+/-0.15 kPa.l-1.s and 0.56+/-0.15 kPa.l-1.s in inspiratory and expiratory phase, respectively. They were 0.55+/-0.16 kPa.l-1.s and 0.55+/-0.18 kPa.l-1.s in girls. The Rint decreased as the children getting older. 2) Height ranged from 105 to 160 cm. Rint of boys from 111 to 115 cm in height were 0.54+/-0.11 kPa.l-1.s and 0.55+/-0.15 kPa.l-1.s in inspiratory and expiratory phase, respectively. They were 0.56+/-0.18 kPa.l-1.s and 0.56+/-0.19 kPa.l-1.s in girls. The Rint decreased as the children getting taller. 3) Weight ranged from 16 to 57 kg. Rint of boys from 16 to 18 kg in weight were 0.52+/-0.07 kPa.l-1.s and 0.59+/-0.07 kPa.l-1.s in inspiratory and expiratory phase, respectively. They were 0.47+/-0.15 kPa.l-1.s and 0.43+/-0.14 kPa.l-1.s in girls. The Rint decreased as the children getting heavier. 4) Chest circumference ranged from 50 to 85 cm. Rint of boys from 50 to 55 cm in chest circumference were 0.49+/-0.12 kPa.l-1.s and 0.46+/-0.13 kPa.l-1.s in inspiratory and expiratory phase, respectively. They were 0.53+/-0.16 kPa.l-1.s and 0.52+/-0.17 kPa.l-1.s in girls. The Rint decreased as the children's chest circumference increase. 5) We got regression equations and correlation coefficient by age, height, weight, and chest circumference in both boys and girls and in both inspiratory and expiratory phases. Correlation was best with height but correlation coefficient was less than 0.45. CONCLUSION: We got the normal predicted value of airway resistance by flow interrupter technique. It can be used in evaluating lung condition, progression of lung disease, and effectiveness of drugs in lung disease.

Normal Predicted Values of Pulmonary Function of the Primary School Children in Rural Area and Sensitive Index of Respiratory Symptoms / 예방의학회지

Pulmonary function tests were conducted on 815 healthy primary school children (390 males and 425 female) in rural area using Collins Survey Spirometer (warren E. collins, Inc, U. S. A.) with X-Y Recorder. Respiratory symptoms(cough, sputum, sore throat, chest pain, chest tightness, dyspnea, coryza) were surveyed by the interviews. Multiple regression analysis and regression diagnostics were done for prediction equations of FVC, FEV1, PEFR and FEF25-75% . FVC, FEV1, PEFR and FEF25-75% values in 3 groups of children classified by the number of symptom were compared each other through standard variable value. FVC, FEV1, PEFR and FEF25-75% showed highly significant correlation with age, height and weight. Prediction equations for FVC, FEV1, PEER, FEF25-75% are functions of height only in both male and female children aged between 6 and 12 years old. PEFR showed a significant difference related with the number of symptom in female. These results suggest that the PEFR is sensitive PFT parameter in this study.