Cross-Sectional Study between Anthropometric Obesity Indices and Intraocular Pressure

PURPOSE: To investigate the cross sectional study association of intraocular pressure (IOP) with anthropometric obesity indices. METHODS: We classified study subjects into three groups-normal, overweight and obesity, and investigated the correlation of IOP with age, gender and anthropometric obesity indices such as obesity Index, body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) on healthy subjects. RESULTS: Of a total of 63,385 participants, 30,288 were male and 33,097 were female. Mean IOP was 15.13 +/- 3.24 mm Hg for men and 14.44 +/- 3.02 mm Hg for women. The obesity index and BMI in the normal, overweight and obesity groups were significantly different in both men and women (p < 0.05). Mean IOP increased to a higher degree in the obesity group. In the normal, overweight and obesity group divided by ABSI, there were no significant differences in both men (p = 0.66) and women (p = 0.28). Between the normal and overweight group and the normal and obesity group divided by WHtR, there were significant differences in men (p < 0.05) and women (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed the significant relationship between obesity index, BMI, ABSI, WHtR and IOP in men and women. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the obesity index was the highest value following BMI, WHtR and ABSI. CONCLUSIONS: Korean healthy subjects showed a correlation between IOP and anthropometric obesity indices regardless of gender, and the obesity index had the highest correlation.

Gender Differences in Obesity Indices in a 10-Year Risk for Cardiovascular Disease.

Objective: To explore the relationship between gender-specific of obesity indices and the 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among elderly population in southern Taiwan. Methods: Data were collected from Pingtung County in southern Taiwan through a health screening program, carried out from March 2007 to May 2008.The following obesity indices were included: (1) body mass index (BMI); (2) waist circumference (WC); (3) waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); (4) waist-height ratio (WHtR). The present study used the risk assessment tool of the Framingham Heart Study and adopted ≦10% as low risk, 11~20% as moderate risk, and >20% as high risk for CVD. Multiple logistic regression was used to predict the risk indices of obesity causing 10-year risk for CVD. Results: A total of 831 participants were recruited in the screen program. The prevalence of the obesity indices was as follow: BMI 21.3%; WC 14.6%; WHR 47.1%; and WHtR 65.2%. A total of 118participants were found to have 10-year CVD risk groupings>20%, a prevalence rate of 14.2%. The 10-year risk for CVD is higher in men; subjects≧65 years old in both genders have a higher prevalence of moderate and high risk for CVD. After using multiple logistic regression, the results showed that men who are abnormal in WHR, WHtR, have higher moderate and high 10-year risk for CVD; In this study, men didn't find this risk in BMI and WC. Women on all four obesity indices are not the predictive factors of 10-year risk for CVD. Conclusion: The predictive factors of 10-year risk for CVD were found in WHR and WHtR of men.

The Effects of Regular Exercise on Obesity Indices and Dietary Factors in Adult Males / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was performed to investigate the effects of regular exercise on dietary factors and obesity indices among 407 healthy adult males subjects. Subjects were classified into regular exercise group (REG) and irregular exercise group (IREG). Two hundred and thirteen subjects of REG excercised regularly 3 times (more than 30 minutes/time) per week during more than last 1 month or more. One hundred and ninety-four of IREG (n = 194) didn't regularly exercise during the last 1 month. Obesity indices were BMI (Body Mass Index), WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) and PIBW (Percentage of Ideal Body Weight). And the mean BMI, WHR and PIBW of REG were (22.1, 0.90 and 105.8) significantly lower than those of IREG (25.7, 0.98 and 117.7) respectively. The mean daily starches, seeds, meats, eggs, fish, milk, fats and processed food intakes of REG were significantly lower than those of IREG. And the mean daily vegetables, mushrooms and beverages intakes of the IREG were significantly lower than REG. Energy intake of REG and IREG were 1968.2 kcal and 1978.9 kcal respectively. Vitamin C intake of IREG was significantly lower than REG. But niacin and cholesterol intake of REG were significantly lower than the IREG. Exercise regularity was positively related with obesity indices and dietary factors. Therefore, it is necessary to exercise regularly to prevent obesity and cardiovascular disease in Korean adult males.

The Effects of Regular Dietary Habits on Obesity Indices and Nutrition Intakes in Adult Males

This study was conducted to find and compare the effects of dietary habits on and obesity indices and nutrition intakes among four hundreds and seven healthy adults males subjects. Subjects were classified as regular meal group(RMG) and irregular meal group(IRMG). Two hundreds and thirteen subjects of RMG had regularly 3times meal(time and amount) per 1 day during more than last 6 month. One hudred and ninety four subjects of IRMG(n=194) were not had regularly meal during last 6 month. Obesity indices were BMI(Body Mass Index), WHR(Waist Hip Ratio) and PIBW(Percentage of Ideal Body Weight). And the mean BMI, WHR and PIBW of RMG and IRMG were 23.1, 0.91, 104.8 and 24.7, 0.93, 112.9. PIBW of IMG were significantly lower than IRMG(p<0.01). The mean daily intakes of starches, seeds, meats, eggs, fishes, milk, fats and processed food intakes of RMG were significantly lower than IRMG. And the mean daily intakes of vegetables, mushrooms and beverages intakes of the IRMG were significantly lower than RMG. Energy intake of RMG and IRMG were 1978.2kcal and 1988.2kcal. For nutrient intake, vitamin C intake of IRMG was significantly lower than RMG. But niacin and cholesterol intake of RMG were significantly lower than the IRMG. Meal regularity was mainly related with obesity indices and nutrition intakes. Therefore, it might be necessary to manage meal regularity to prevent obesity and chronic disease in Korean adult males.

The Usefulness of Waist/Height Ratio as an Obesity Index

BACKGROUND: Waist circumference and BMI have been known as an independent predictor for cardiovascular diseases. But some people with a normal BMI or normal waist circumference may have cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the simplicity and the usefulness of waist/height ratio as an index of obesity and to investigate the waist/height ratio as a predictor for metabolic risks in individuals with normal weight and/or normal waist circumference. METHODS: The subjects were 1,157 individuals (635 men, 522 women). The morbidity index for metabolic risk factors was calculated by the sum of the risk factors scores (one point per item, if present). We set the criteria of obesity as BMI>or=25 kg/m2, waist circumference of >or=90 cm in males and >or=80 cm in females, waist/hip ratio of >or=0.9 in males and >or=0.8 in females, and waist/height ratio of >or=50 cm/cm*100. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation among waist/ height ratio, waist/hip ratio, BMI, and waist circumference (P=0.000). The odds ratios for morbidity index (>or=3) in normal BMI, waist circumference, and waist/hip ratio subjects with waist/height over 50 were significantly higher with 4.60, 3.83, and 2.79, respectively, and also higher in normal BMI with normal waist circumference subjects with 3.90 (P=0.000). CONCLUSION: Waist/height ratio may be used a simple and practical index of obesity. Especially, it may be useful in subjects with normal BMI or normal waist circumference when predicting their metabolic risks.

The Relationship between Change in Obesity Indices and Change in Serum Lipids in Adult Male Workers / 예방의학회지

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between change in obesity indices and change in serum lipids in adult male workers. Two-hundred-eight adult male workers of an industry in Taegu city were followed-up from 1991 to 1995. Height, weight, circumferences of hip and waist, blood pressure were measured and serum lipids were analysed. Data on life style were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. Mean differences of anthropometric measurements between 1991 and 1995 were as follows; 1.63kg in weight, 3.61cm in waist circumferences, 4.23cm in hip circumferences, 0.52kg/m2 in BMI and -0.021 in WHR. Those of lipids were as follows; 15.09mg/dl in total cholesterol, 20.43mg/dl in triglyceride, 9.40mg/dl in HDL-cholesterol, 2.87 in MI-index(p<0.01) and 350mg/dl in LDL-cholesterol. The changed value of BMI and Katsura index were strongly correlated with that of total cholesterol(r=0.174, p<0.05), the changed value of BMI correlated with that of triglyceride(r=0.374, p<0.01) and the changed value of weight correlated with that of MI index(r=-0.173, p<0.05). The changed value of WHR was significantly correlated with that of total cholesterol(r=0.162, p<0.05), however, was not significantly correlated with HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and MI index. The changed value of weight, BMI and Katsura index were correlated with that of triglyceride(r=0.262, p<0.01; r=0.267, p<0.01; r=0.258, p<0.01) and the changed value of MI index(r=-0.143, p<0.05; r=-0.158; r=-0.144, p<0.01), adjusting the pattern of change in life style. The changed values of HDL-cholesterol and MI index between 1991 and 1995 in low WHR group were significantly higher than those in high WHR group(p<0.05, p<0.01), adjusting the baseline value of them. Similar pattern was observed when considering Katsura index. When stratifying by BMI value of 1991, in low BMI group, the changed value of HDL-cholesterol and MI index showed the same pattern as above, however the of triglyceride was statistically higher in obese group than in non obese group(p<0.05). In conclusion BMI might be a better indicator to predict serum lipids change than other obesity indices.