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Glucagonoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of α cells of the pancreas. The tumor excessively secretes glucagon and causes glucagonoma syndrome.70%-90% of patients with glucagonoma will develop necrolytic migratory erythema (NME). We reported a patient of glucagonoma syndrome who was presented to the dermatology outpatient clinic with a 2-year-history of recurrent erythema and scaling on the skin migrating throughout the body. A skin biopsy was performed and resulting features matched with NME, whilst imaging examinations suggested a soft tissue density tumor present in the tail of the pancreas with somatostatin receptor expression and laboratory tests found an elevated levels of serum glucagon. After the diagnosis was confirmed, the patient was treated with surgical resection of the glucagonoma and the skin eruptions resolved rapidly in 4 days. Meanwhile, we reviewed relevant literature published in recent years and summarized its clinical characteristics in order to improve its understanding by clinicians, including clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging examinations, diagnosis and treatments.
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Objective To evaluate the value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the diagnosis of intracranial space-occupying lesions. Methods A total of 126 patients with intracranial space-occupying lesions in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2019 to 2022 were enrolled and subjected to brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRS examinations. The performance of MRI alone and in combination with MRS was evaluated and compared for diagnosis of intracranial space-occupying lesions. Results Tuberculoma (19.05%) and high-grade glioma (15.87%) were the intracranial space-occupying lesions most commonly diagnosed by MRI in combination with MRS. Radiologists confirmed the diagnosis of intracranial space-occupying lesions in 23.81% patients depending on MRI alone, and in 75.40% patients depending on MRI combined with MRS, with a 2.17-fold improvement (χ2 = 67.07, P<0.01). The combination of MRI and MRS improved the accuracy of imaging diagnosis of intracranial space-occupying lesions in 70 (55.67%) patients compared with MRI alone. In addition, MRI in combination with MRS significantly improved the accuracy of differential diagnosis of high-grade glioma, low-grade glioma, cerebral infarct, tuberculoma, recurrent tumor, and radiation necrosis compared with MRI alone (P<0.01). Conclusion The efficacy of imaging diagnosis of intracranial space-occupying lesions can be improved by MRI in combination with MRS relative to MRI alone. The combined use of MRI and MRS may serve as a non-invasive tool for diagnosis of intracranial space-occupying lesions. In addition, the combination facilitates the differentiation between low- and high-grade gliomas, between high-grade glioma and tuberculoma, and between recurrent tumor and radiation necrosis.
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Objective:To improve the contrast between the myocardium and the cardiac cavity by left ventricular opacification and to diagnosis the suspected cardiac space occupying.Methods:25 patients with suspected cardiac space occupying by two-dimensional echocardiography were selected into the observation group. All patients were limited by near-field artifacts and sound window, gas interference or unclear display of two-dimensional echocardiography due to obesity. After left ventricular opacification, the images were sorted and analyzed. 10 subjects without heart disease served as the normal control group. The left ventricular function measured by routine two-dimensional echocardiography and cardiography were compared in the observation group.Results:In the observation group, 25 patients had no discomfort during the contrast-enhanced, and the contrast-enhanced echocardiography was successful. Among them, 7 cases excluded the diagnosis of cardiac space occupying, 3 cases were judged to be caused by near-field artifacts, 3 cases were judged to be spontaneous intracardiac development, and 1 case was judged to be ventricular septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; 18 patients were diagnosed as intracardiac thrombus, and the smallest thrombus diagnosed was 7 mm×8 mm hypoechoic fresh thrombus at the apex of the heart after myocardial infarction. In the observation group, there was no significant difference between ejection fraction (EF) value measured by two-dimensional image echocardiography and cardiography ( P>0.05), but the ventricular end diastolic volume (EDV) and ventricular end systolic volume (ESV) of cardiography were larger than those of two-dimensional echocardiography ( P<0.05). At the same time, 6 of the 25 patients could clearly observe the vortex phenomenon in the cardiac cavity after angiography, indicating the hypercoagulable state of the cardiac cavity. All 10 cases in the control group were developed successfully, and there was no discomfort in the course of angiography. Conclusions:Left ventricular contrast echocardiography can improve the clarity of cardiac ultrasound images, accurately judge the presence or absence of cardiac space occupying, and more accurately judge the change of cardiac cavity size, so as to provide diagnostic information for cardiac space occupying.
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【Objective】 To compare the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) with conventional imaging in pancreatic occupying lesions so as to provide guidance for the diagnosis of pancreatic occupying lesions. 【Methods】 We selected patients who underwent EUS in the Digestive Endoscopy Room of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from September 2012 to December 2019 and were strictly screened by ultrasound endoscopists and diagnosed as pancreatic space-occupying lesions as the study subjects, and collected routine imaging examination results and related information and data of the patients (age, gender, tumor markers, blood amylase, urine amylase, and serum lipase) at the same time. We compared the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EUS and conventional imaging methods in the diagnosis of pancreatic space-occupying lesions, and evaluated their diagnostic value. 【Results】 A total of 188 cases were included, with more male ones than female ones. The age of patients in the tumor group was higher than that in the non-tumor group, and the levels of tumor markers serum CA-199 and CEA were significantly higher than those in the non-tumor group. The diagnostic sensitivity of pancreatic space-occupying lesions supported EUS (95.5%), which was significantly better than that of transabdominal ultrasound (54.4%), plain CT (57.1%), enhanced CT (75%), MRI (66.7%), PET-CT (72.7%) and other conventional imaging examination methods. The diagnostic accuracy of pancreatic space-occupying lesions supported EUS (91.5%), better than transabdominal ultrasound (58.3%), plain CT (57.1%), enhanced CT (74.6%), MRI (62.5%), and PET-CT (66.7%). The negative predictive value of the diagnosis of pancreatic space-occupying lesions supported EUS (76.7%), better than transabdominal ultrasound (27.9%), plain CT (22.9%), and enhanced CT (38.1%). 【Conclusion】 In the diagnosis of pancreatic space-occupying lesions, EUS is significantly better than conventional imaging methods such as transabdominal ultrasound, plain CT, enhanced CT, MRI, and PET-CT, and the negative predictive value of EUS is significantly better than that of transabdominal ultrasound, plain CT and enhanced CT.
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Ultrasound is a non-invasive, real-time, inexpensive, radiation-free and easily repeatable method, usually used for liver imaging. In recent years, new ultrasound examination techniques for liver diseases such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound and elastography have been rapidly developed, which can effectively identify intrahepatic space-occupying lesions, assess the degree of liver fibrosis and portal hypertension, and monitor the effects of treatment. Therefore, these technologies play an important diagnostic role in clinical liver diseases and have therapeutic interventional value. This guideline classifies the instrument set-up, patient preparation, and physician examination methods through multimodal ultrasound examinations (gray-scale ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, elastic ultrasound) for liver diseases. In addition, liver diseases multimodal ultrasound technology diagnostic criteria for diffuse hepatic lesions (inflammatory lesions, fibrosis, and sclerosis), multiple space-occupying lesions, and interventional procedures have been defined and standardized. Concurrently, we also recommend the ultrasound monitoring time interval and diagnostic report writing standard for liver diseases.
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Humans , Elasticity Imaging Techniques , Hypertension, Portal , Liver/diagnostic imaging , Liver Cirrhosis , Liver Diseases/diagnostic imaging , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Arachnoiditis ossificans (AO) is a rare type of chronic arachnoiditis characterized by the presence of calcification or ossification of the spinal arachnoid which is usually associated with progressive neurological deficits. It is usually followed by prior history of trauma, surgery, infection, or myelography. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are the characteristics that are helpful in the diagnosis of most cases. Prognosis and treatment depends on the site and clinical presentation of the patients. We present a case of a young female who presented with a long-standing history of neurological symptoms and a intradural lesion mimicking a tumor.
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Objective To explore the effect of individualized nutrition intervention mode based on dysphagia screening in postoperative patients with cerebellopontine angle occupying lesion. Methods By developing nurses training, selecting special screening and evaluation tools, developing screening methods and individualized nutrition intervention measures and meal spectrum, making screening and intervention flow chart, and starting to be implemented in postoperative patients with cerebellopontine angle occupying lesion in July 2017. Forty-six patients with cerebellopontine angle occupying lesion in the previous year were reviewed as the control group, who were given routine treatment and nursing; One year after implementation, Another 48 patients were set as the experimental group, and were given individualized nutritional care based on screening of dysphagia. Results The incidence rate of dominant aspiration(0), pneumonia (4.17% , 2/48) and diarrhea (2.08% ,1/48) in the experimental group was lower than 4.35% (2/46), 21.74% (10/46), 19.57% (9/46) in the control group, especially the difference of incidence rate of pneumonia and diarrhea was statistically significant (pneumonia: χ2=0.010, P=0.013; diarrhea: χ2=0.006, P=0.007). The retention rate of gastric tube in the experimental group (31.30%, 18/48) was lower than that in the control group (58.70%, 27/46), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.158, P=0.007). Average retention time of gastric tube in the experimental group (4.47± 1.13) d was less than that in the control group (5.11±0.70) d, the difference was statistically significant (t=2.296, P=0,027). The hospitalization time in the experimental group (8.69±1.36) d were less than those in the control group (12.57 ± 2.95) d, the difference was statistically significant (t=8.248, P=0,000). The nutritional status of 7 days after operation of the experimental group was better than that of the control group, the differenc e was statistically significant (albumin: t=4.888, P<0.01; prealbumin: t=5.188, P<0.01; hemoglobin: t=4.039, P<0.01). The knowledge and skills of swallowing of general nurses improved significantly after the work, in particular, the accuracy of screening tests for Wa Tian drinking water increased from 5/8 to 20/20. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=8.148, P=0.017). Conclusions Individualized nutrition intervention based on screening for dysphagia can improve the clinical outcome of patients, improve the comprehensive ability of nurses and achieve a win-win situation of nurse-patient.
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Objective@#To explore the effect of individualized nutrition intervention mode based on dysphagia screening in postoperative patients with cerebellopontine angle occupying lesion.@*Methods@#By developing nurses training, selecting special screening and evaluation tools, developing screening methods and individualized nutrition intervention measures and meal spectrum, making screening and intervention flow chart, and starting to be implemented in postoperative patients with cerebellopontine angle occupying lesion in July 2017. Forty-six patients with cerebellopontine angle occupying lesion in the previous year were reviewed as the control group, who were given routine treatment and nursing; One year after implementation, Another 48 patients were set as the experimental group, and were given individualized nutritional care based on screening of dysphagia.@*Results@#The incidence rate of dominant aspiration(0), pneumonia (4.17%, 2/48) and diarrhea (2.08%,1/48) in the experimental group was lower than 4.35% (2/46), 21.74% (10/46), 19.57% (9/46) in the control group, especially the difference of incidence rate of pneumonia and diarrhea was statistically significant (pneumonia: χ2=0.010, P=0.013; diarrhea: χ2=0.006, P=0.007). The retention rate of gastric tube in the experimental group (31.30%, 18/48) was lower than that in the control group (58.70%, 27/46), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.158, P=0.007). Average retention time of gastric tube in the experimental group (4.47±1.13) d was less than that in the control group (5.11±0.70) d, the difference was statistically significant (t=2.296, P=0,027). The hospitalization time in the experimental group (8.69±1.36) d were less than those in the control group (12.57±2.95) d, the difference was statistically significant (t=8.248, P=0,000). The nutritional status of 7 days after operation of the experimental group was better than that of the control group, the differenc e was statistically significant (albumin: t=4.888, P<0.01; prealbumin: t=5.188, P<0.01; hemoglobin: t=4.039, P<0.01). The knowledge and skills of swallowing of general nurses improved significantly after the work, in particular, the accuracy of screening tests for Wa Tian drinking water increased from 5/8 to 20/20. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=8.148, P=0.017).@*Conclusions@#Individualized nutrition intervention based on screening for dysphagia can improve the clinical outcome of patients, improve the comprehensive ability of nurses and achieve a win-win situation of nurse - patient.
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Benign occupations of the liver (BOL) are a heterogeneous group of benign hepatic lesions,a minority of which may need active management.It's reported that radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be used to treat BOL,such as hepatic haemangioma,focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH),hepatocellular adenoma,simple hepatic cyst,liver abscess and hepatic echinococcosis.RFA has exhibited a potentiality to replace resection as the first-line treatment option for hepatic haemangioma.For multiloculated intractable simple hepatic cyst or liver abscess,when patients are not suitable for or refuse surgical resection,RFA may be an alternative option for the resection;and it also has many advantages over resection,including effectiveness,safety,minimal invasiveness and repeatability in the treatment of FNH,hepatocellular adenoma,and hepatic echinococcosis.A review will be presented on the current situation and latest progression of RFA therapy for BOL in this article.
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Objective·To evaluate the clinical value of two-dimensional ultrasound combined with four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of uterine space-occupying lesion.Methods·A total of 75 patients with uterine space-occupying lesion were enrolled in this study from March 2015 to February 2016 at Hospital of Southwest Medical University.Patients received both two-dimensional ultrasound and four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound to determine the location,number and nature of the lesions,as well as the clinical staging of malignant lesions,then the diagnostic accuracy was evaluated.Results·Among 75 patients,there were 26 cases with endometrial carcinoma,21 cases with hysteromyoma,16 cases with metropolypus,and 12 cases with uterine adenomyosis.The diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional ultrasound combined with four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound for the uterine space-occupying lesion was 88.0％,which was significantly higher than that of two-dimensional ultrasound (64.0％) (P＜0.05).What's more,the diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional ultrasound combined with four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound for the clinical staging of endometrial carcinoma was 88.5％,which was significantly higher than that of two-dimensional ultrasound (61.5％) (P＜0.05).Conclusion·Two-dimensional ultrasound combined with four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound is more effective to improve the diagnostic accuracy of uterine space occupying lesion and clinical staging of endometrial carcinoma in comparison with two-dimensional ultrasound,which will favor the clinical strategy for the treatment of uterine space-occupying lesion.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical and imaging features of the sellar region lesions in children.Methods The clinical and imaging features of 112 cases with sellar region lesions were analyzed retrospectively,which were confirmed by pathology.Results 37 cases were craniopharyngiomas, which had two main symptoms of intracranial hypertension(57%)and diabetes insipidus(11%).On imaging it demonstrated as a calcified cystic tumor(81%).18 cases were gliomas, the main clinical feature of which was decreased visual acuity,13 of them were pilocytic astrocytoma, which manifested as a solid tumor with significantly enhancement(94%).16 cases were germ cell tumors,the main complaint was diabetes insipidus (75%),13 of them were germinoma, which showed iso-high density on CT and moderate enhancement after administration of contrast.And it showed high signal intensity on DWI.7 cases were hamartoma,86% patients of which showed gelasmus epilepsy,the imaging showed iso-signal masses with no enhacement in the hypothalamic papillary region.5 cases were LCH,80% of which had the complaint of diabetes insipidus,imaging findings manifested as thinkened pituitary stalk and loss of hyperintensity of posterior pituitary on T1WI.3 cases were pituitary tumors.23 cases were Rathke's cleft cysts,3 cases were arachnoid cyst.Most of the patients presented with headache.Conclusion The clinical and imaging features shows some specific features, which is helpful to improve the correct rate of diagnosis and provide the basis for further treatment.
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<p><b>Objective</b>To analyze the clinical characteristics of secondary male hypogonadism induced by sellar space-occupying lesion, explore its pathogenesis, and improve its diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 22 cases of secondary male hypogonadism induced by sellar space-occupying lesion, reviewed related literature, and investigated the clinical manifestation, etiological factors, and treatment methods of the disease. Hypogonadism developed in 10 of the patients before surgery and radiotherapy (group A) and in the other 12 after it (group B). The patients received endocrine therapy with Andriol (n=7) or hCG (n=15).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average diameter of the sellar space-occupying lesions was significantly longer in group A than in B (［2.35±0.71］ vs ［1.83±0.36］ cm, P<0.05) and the incidence rate of prolactinomas was markedly higher in the former than in the latter group (60% vs 0, P<0.01). The levels of lutein hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) were remarkably decreased in group B after surgery and radiotherapy (P<0.01). Compared with the parameters obtained before endocrine therapy, all the patients showed significant increases after intervention with Andriol or hCG in the T level (［0.78±0.40］ vs ［2.71±0.70］ ng/ml with Andriol; ［0.93±0.44］ vs ［3.07±0.67］ ng/ml with hCG) and IIEF-5 score (5.00±2.61 vs 14.50±3.62 with Andriol; 5.36±1.82 vs 15.07±3.27 with hCG) (all P<0.01). The testis volume increased and pubic hair began to grow in those with hypoevolutism. The patients treated with hCG showed a significantly increased testis volume (P<0.01) and sperm was detected in 7 of them, whose baseline testis volume was markedly larger than those that failed to produce sperm (［11.5±2.3］ vs ［7.5±2.3］ ml, P<0.01). Those treated with Andriol exhibited no significant difference in the testis volume before and after intervention and produced no sperm, either.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hypothyroidism might be attributed to surgery- or radiotherapy-induced damage to the pituitary tissue, space-occupying effect of sellar lesion, and hyperprolactinemia. Both Andriol and hCG can improve the T level and erectile function, but the former does not help spermatogenesis.</p>
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Adult , Humans , Male , Chorionic Gonadotropin , Therapeutic Uses , Follicle Stimulating Hormone , Blood , Hypogonadism , Diagnosis , Therapeutics , Luteinizing Hormone , Blood , Pituitary Neoplasms , Blood , Pathology , Therapeutics , Prolactinoma , Blood , Pathology , Therapeutics , Retrospective Studies , Sella Turcica , Spermatogenesis , Spermatozoa , Testis , Testosterone , Blood , Therapeutic Uses , Tumor BurdenABSTRACT
Pseudo tumor cerebri is a clinical entity of uncertain etiology characterized by intracranial hypertension. The syndrome classically manifests with headaches and visual changes in women with obesity. This case is being presented for the following points: raised ICT, bilateral CN VI palsy, bilateral papilledema (left > right), neck rigidity present without Kernig's and Brudginski signs. Keeping the history, Neurological findings, investigative results, point to the possibility of raised intracranial pressure with CN VI involvement. The final clinical diagnosis, to the above syndrome, points out to ‘Pseudo-tumor cerebri’.
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Objective To investigate the hysteroscopy application on uterine cavitary benign and its safety.Methods Two hundred and ten patients with benign lesions in the uterine cavity from Jan 2010 to Jan 2013 were selected as our subjects.They were underwent hysteroscopy and electric section,including 72 cases with uterine polyps resection,70 cases with uterine fibroids resection,and 68 cases with pregnancy tissue residue removal surgery.The follow up periods were 4 months to 2 years and the therapy effects were recorded.Results Two hundred and ten patients were got one successful operation.Operation period was ranged from 11 to 39 minutes and average was 15 minutes.The intraoperation bleeding volumes was ranged from 5 to 70 ml and no intraoperation complications occurred.During the follow-up periods,94.1％ (191/203) patients were recovered to regular menstruation and dysmenorrhea improvement rate was 87.70％ (178/203) at 1 month after operation.At 6 months after operation,96.1％ (195/203) and 91.6％ (186/203) patient were with the regular menstruation and dysmenorrhea improvement.Two cases with uterine cavitypolyp were reoccurred after operation and cured by electron section.Conclusion Hysteroscopy in treatment of benign uterine lesions is showed the satisfactory curative effect in terms of keep uterus integrity with little injury,slight pain.It is proved to be as the prefer methods to treatment for benign uterine cavity lesions.
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Objective : Causes of nontraumatic posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) palsy include space-occupying lesions, constrictions of the PIN, and supinator syndrome. The purpose of this study was to identify these causes using Ultrasonography (US). Methods : We performed US in seven cases (seven elbows) with palsy and examined the PIN and surrounding structures. Results : We identified the three causes by the following US findings : 1) A space-occupying lesion in two elbows. Both were low-echoic and diagnosed as ganglion. In these two cases, the PIN was elevated by the lesion and compressed against the arcade of Frohse. 2) A diffusely swollen PIN with constrictions was found in three cases. 3) A PIN showing a reduction in caliber beneath and a swelling (pseudoneuroma) proximal to the arcade of Frohse, compatible with supinator syndrome was also identified. Conclusion : US is useful for the diagnosis of nontraumatic PIN palsy.
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Many cases are being reported before the Forensic Experts, in which it becomes difficult to find out the precise cause of death. A 73 year male was brought for autopsy examination at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand with suspicion of death due to brain tumor. The findings of autopsy examination was edema of brain matters and depressed area in right frontal lobe of brain with several stitches marks on right side of head. Detailed history from all the concerned persons were taken which reveals previously person was operated by neurosurgeon for space occupying lesion in cranial cavity. Histo-pathology examination of mass showed Koch’s lesion as tuberculoma en plaque a very rare presentation of tuberculosis which is very common in our country even in the era of 21st century. Case is being presented with brief discussion showing the need of early and prompt history taking including hospital records details before an autopsy examination. It may reveal important facts as well as helps the Forensic Experts to take the consideration of therapeutic artefacts during autopsy to find the exact cause of death.
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Aged , Autopsy , Cause of Death , Edema/etiology , Edema/mortality , Humans , India , Male , Medical History Taking/methods , Tuberculoma, Intracranial/epidemiology , Tuberculoma, Intracranial/mortalityABSTRACT
Objective To determine the effecting factors for diagnosis of binign or malignant in cystic lesions of pancreas(CLP).Methods One hundred twenty-six patients undergoing operations for CLP or suspected CLP in this hospital from January 1984 to June 2008 were reviewed.Patients were divided into two groups according to lesion's histological features after operation.The predictive effect of various preoperative factors on the malignant potential of CLP was evaluated.Results One hundred twenty-six patients underwent operations for suspected pancreatic cystic neoplasms.There were 89 benign and 37 malignant CLPs.The univariate analysis showed that gender, clinical symptoms(jaundice and weight loss), elevated serum CA199, and presence of one or more of three morphologic features such as solid component, nodule or septation were significantly different between benign and malignant cystic neoplasm of pancreas.The multivariate analysis indicated that imaging features and gender were independent predictors of malignancy.Conclusion In patients with suspected pancreatic cystic neoplasms, elevated serum CA199, clinical symptoms(jaundice and weight loss)and presence of suspicious morphologic features on imaging are predictors of malignant potential of CLP.Patients with a high likelihood of a potentially malignant or malignant lesion based on these three factors should undergo operation without additional investigations.
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Objective: To discuss the diagnostic value of the new 5-sector approach for orbital imaging division in the diagnosis of orbital space-occupying lesions. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data of 374 patients with orbital space-occupying lesions. The distribution of the lesions was analyzed according to the new 5-sector approach for orbital imaging division (globe compartment, optic nerve compartment, intraconal compartment, extraconal compartment and extra-periosteum compartment) and the distribution rule of the lesions were discussed. Results: Hemangioma was the most common lesion among our group, with an incidence of 34.75%(130/374); 79.23% (103/130) of the hemangiomas were distributed in the intraconal compartment. There was a distributional difference between the lymphoma and inflammatory pseudotumor(χ 2 = 13. 63, P=0.001), with the former mainly located in the extraconal compartment and the latter often in the mixed compartments. We also found that there were distributional differences for those lesions which had more than 10 sufferers in our study(χ2= 788.058, P=0.001). Significant differences were also noted in the distribution of both benign and malignant lesions in the intraconal, extraconal and mixed type compartment(χintra/extra2=66.53, P extraconal compartment (56.12%,78/139)> mixed type(36.96%, 17/46); for the malignant lesions, the incidence order was: mixed type(63. 04%,29/46)> extraconal compartment(43.88%,61/139)> intraconal compartment(0.82%,1/122). Conclusion: There are distributional differences in orbital space-occupying lesions under the new 5-sector approach for orbital imaging division, indicating that the new 5-sector approach is helpful in the diagnosis of orbital lesions.
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Objective To investigate the movement and its influencing factors of the space-occup ying pancreatic lesions and provide a reference for the safe margin between CTV and PTV in accurate radio therapy.Methods Gold fiducials were implanted into the lesions of 16 pancreatic carcinoma patients by percutaneous punctures under B-uhrasonographic guidance.The movements of these markers were measured under the X-ray simulator system in the x,y and z axial directions,respectively.The relevant influencing fac tors were analyzed.Results The motion amplitudes of pancreatic lesions were 0.1-0.3 (mean 0.16 ± 0.06) cm,0.1-0.4 (mean 0.25 ±0.12) em and 0.5-1.6 (mean 0.88±0.24) cm in the x,y and z axi al directions,respectively.The movements were not associated with the height,weight,age,tumor location or tumor size.Conclusions The motion of the space-occupying pancreatic lesions is mainly influenced by the respiration,especially with the maximal amplitude in the z axial direction.Therefore,the motion in the z axial direction should be given more consideration when determining the PTV margin.