ABSTRACT
@#Sunlight consists of lights of continuous spectra. Ultraviolet light and blue light in the sunlight have higher energy. High dose exposure to sunlight can cause direct cellular damage. In the eye, sunlight is known to cause pathological changes in various eye structures. We reviewed the studies on the role of sunlight in corneal diseases, cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration in recent years. Possible sunlight-triggered signaling pathways and mechanisms in the eye are summarized. Excessive exposure to sunlight may lead to increased DNA damage, aberrant protein modification and aggregation, and oxidative stress of ocular tissues, and thus results in the development of ocular diseases. Accordingly, physical protection, topical and/or oral antioxidants and small molecules blocking sunlight-activated signal pathways could be used independently or combinedly to prevent and reduce sunlight-induced ocular damages.
ABSTRACT
High-altitude environment has its unique characteristics,which can cause a variety of acute and chronic mountain sicknesses.With increasing human activities at high altitude,the impact of high altitude exposure on human body has become a hotspot.Hypobaric hypoxia,strong breeze,strong radiation and excess ultraviolet exposure can induce pathophysiological changes in human body and eyes.Individual difference exists in response to high-altitude environment.In order to provide ideas for further study on the mechanisms of ocular changes at high altitude,this article reviewed the characteristics of high-altitude environment and their impact on the eyes,including visual function (vision,color vision,visual field and visual electrophysiology),intraocular pressure,ocular structures (tear film,conjunctiva,cornea,pupil,lens and fundus) and ocular treatments.