ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To develop a qNMR method for quantitative analysis of triacylglycerols in fruit oil of Hippophae rhamnoides (seabuckthorn, SBT) and analyze commercial samples of SBT oils using GC-MS and FTIR.@*METHODS@#SBT fruit oil (IPHRFH) was extracted with hexane and the triglyceride (TAG) was isolated by vacuum liquid chromatography. Six different branded SBT oils purchased from e-commerce suppliers (Amazon) and in-house prepared SBT oil was analyzed by qNMR and fatty acyl composition of TAGs determined by using NMR. In-house oil was also analysed by GC-MS and FTIR spectroscopy.@*RESULTS@#The qNMR results showed that the oil contained 80.3% of triacylglycerol (TAG). The SBT oil TAGs comprised of linolenate 6.6%, palmitoleate/oleate 65.4%, and total saturated fatty acyl chain including palmitate 28% as determined by qNMR. GC-MS analysis revealed that the major acyl functionalities present in the TAG were palmitoleic acid 36.5%, oleic acid 12.9%, palmitic acid 21.2%, and linoleic acid 18%. Of the six commercial samples analyzed, samples from only one supplier (SW) were fruit oil; All others were the seed oils or mix of fruit oil and seed oil. The labels for samples except for the SW did not indicate whether it was fruit oil or seed oil.@*CONCLUSION@#The results suggest that SBT oil should be analyzed by combination of GC-MS, FTIR and qNMR for factual content of free fatty acid or TAGs, which are chemically different in nature and affect the quality of oil. GC-MS showed the content of omega free fatty acids after hydrolysis, while qNMR and FTIR showed the content of TAGs. The major acyl functionalities found in SBT fruit oil TAGs are palmitoleate/palmitate/oleate, while linoleate and linonelate make up a minor fraction. Furthermore, analysis of commercial samples showed discrepancies between label claims and actual content.
ABSTRACT
La obesidad se define como el exceso de grasa corporal que pone en peligro la salud, aumentando la morbilidad y la mortalidad de la población. El índice de masa corporal es el indicador más usado para la determinación de la obesidad, y durante el embarazo se calcula de acuerdo a las modificaciones de Rosso-Mardones. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la prevalencia de la obesidad en el embarazo oscila desde 1,8 hasta 25,3 por ciento, y la obesidad antes y durante la gestación constituye un importante factor de riesgo tanto para las complicaciones maternas como fetales. En la presente revisión de literatura, se detallan los efectos desencadenados por la obesidad gestacional, como los cambios en el perfil lipídico y el aumento significativo de la respuesta inflamatoria y del estrés oxidativo. A su vez, se describe la función de los ácidos grasos omega en el embarazo, los cuales han mostrado disminuir los efectos nocivos en las mujeres gestantes obesas, debido a su actividad hipolipemiante, antiinflamatoria y antioxidante.
Obesity is defined as an excess of body fat that endangers the health, increasing morbidity and mortality of the population. The body mass index is the indicator used to determine obesity, and during pregnancy is calculated according to changes in Rosso-Mardones. According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of obesity in pregnancy ranges from 1.8 to 25.3 percent, and obesity before and during pregnancy is an important risk factor for both maternal and fetal complications. In this review of literature detailing the effects triggered by gestational obesity, such as changes in lipid profile, and significant increase of the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In turn, it describes the role of omega fatty acids in pregnancy, which has shown to decrease the harmful effects in obese pregnant women because of their lipid lowering, antiinflam-matory and antioxidant activities.