ABSTRACT
Objective·To evaluate the impact of one-child on body mass index (BMI), and percentage of body fat in primary school students. Methods·All the sample was recruited from 5 elementary schools in Gaohang Town, Shanghai, China. The baseline data of height, body weight, and percentage of body fat was obtained in 2013, and re-measured in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Birth weight, breast feeding, diet and time for physical activities of each children and the highest education level, height, and body weight of their parents were also collected by a self-completed questionnaire. Logistic regression and Mix model was used to analyze the relationship between one-child and BMI, BMI-Z score, and percentage of body fat. Results·A total number of 2515 (1323 boys and 1192 girls) primary school students completed the study and entered the analysis. The percent of one child in this study population was 72.0％ (1812/2515). BMI-Z score, time for physical activities, parental education level, and maternal BMI were higher, while the rate of breast feeding was lower in one-child group compared to non-one-child group. The results of Logistic regression showed boys (compared to girls), macrosomia ( ≥4000g vs normal birth weight), overweight father and mother (compared to normal BMI) were risk factors for overweight. The factor of one-child didn't increase the risk of overweight (OR=1.119, 95％ CI 0.911-1.374). After potential con-founders adjusted, the annual increase of BMI (β=0.028, 95％ CI -0.045-0.100), BMI-Z score (β=0.002, 95％CI -0.034-0.037) and percentage of body fat (β=0.013, 95％ CI -0.181-0.207) showed no obvious difference between the two groups. Conclusion·One-child factor showed no obvious relationship with BMI, BMI-Z score and percentage of body fat in primary school students.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the status of sleep quality and the family-related factors among elder-ly pregnant women who already have one child.Methods A total of 299 elderly pregnant women who already have one child were investigated using pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),family APGAR index and a self-designed questionnaire. Results The total prevalence of poor sleep quality was 30.8% among elderly pregnant women who already have one child.PSQI score was average(6.31 ± 2.95). PSQI score were higher than the adult female norm and pregnant woman for the first time(u=16.396,5.497,P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that the determi-nants of sleep quality included pregnancy,family support(parents),family support(husband),family support (child),family dysfunction,family right(χ2= 12.312,21.049,18.617,11.682,13.494,6.779,P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that pregnancy,family support(parents),family support(husband),family support(child)and family dysfunction were associated with sleep quality. Conclusion The poor sleep quality among elderly pregnant women who already have one child is related to low family support(parents,husband, child),obstacle of family dysfunction and late pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the relationship of one-child attachment and parerttal attachment,as well as the effect of family income and parental education on children's attachment.Methods 350 children aged over 12 years from primary school grade 5 to high school grade 3 in Nanjing were selected in two classes each grade in cluster sampling method as research objects.These children and their parents were measured by General questionnaire,Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory( ECR ) and Adolescent Attachment Inventory.The data of the questionnaires were coded for statistical analysis-Pearson conrelation to analyze the relationship of one-child attachment and parental attachment and Analyze of variance to explore the influence of family income and parental education on children's attachment.ResultsThere was a significantly negative relation(r =-0.132,P=0.014)between one-child family negative dimension and mother avoidance dimension,and a significant correlation (r =0.131,P =0.015 ) between one-child family negative dimension and mother anxiety dimension.The interaction of family income and parental culture was significant in affinity attachment of one-child (F =3.641,4.052,P =0.006,0.003).ConclusionThis study finds that one-child is more attached to their mothers than their fathers.Family income and parental education affect the attachment of one-child.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To revise a coping style scale for adolescents and analyze the characteristics of adolescents' coping style.Methods: 1013 middle school students were sampled for the research: 783 for the explosive factor analysis and T test,while the other 330 for the confirmative factor analysis.Results: 5 factors were extracted through EFA and explained 45.17% of the variance.The results of CFA showed satisfactory construction validity: RMSEA = 0.067.The results of T tests for the effects of different age,gender,family type were significant.Conclusion: The Coping Style Scale for Adolescents achieves satisfactory reliability and validity;the adolescents' coping styles are influenced by age,gender and one-child family.