Ontologia e economia política: uma introdução filosófica à leitura de O Capital / Ontology and political economy: a philosophical introduction to reading The Capital

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo consiste em analisar como a interpretação marxiana acerca da ontologia e da filosofia política hegelianas reflete na sua crítica da economia política capitalista, com ênfase para como Marx elabora a relação entre trabalho e sociabilidade a partir de Hegel, e como esse processo influencia a crítica marxiana da forma valor (Wertform) como substância social do processo de acumulação do capital. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, guiada pela leitura imanente das obras marxiana e hegeliana.

Abstract: The objective of this article is to analyze how the Marxian interpretation of Hegelian ontology and political philosophy reflects in his critique of capitalist political economy, with emphasis on how Marx elaborates the relationship between labor and sociability based on Hegel, and how this process of influence the Marxian critique of the value form (Wertform) as the social substance of the capital accumulation process. A methodology used for bibliographical research guided by the immanent reading of Marxian and Hegelian works.

Screening and bioinformatics analysis of key autophagy-related genes in alcoholic hepatitis / 器官移植

Objective To screen key autophagy-related genes in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and investigate potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AH. Methods Two AH gene chips in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and autophagy-related data sets obtained from MSigDB and GeneCards databases were used, and the key genes were verified and obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The screened key genes were subject to gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein-protein interaction (PPI) and immune infiltration analyses. Messenger RNA (mRNA)- microRNA (miRNA) network was constructed to analyze the expression differences of key autophagy-related genes during different stages of AH, which were further validated by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in the liver tissues of AH patients and mice. Results Eleven autophagy-related genes were screened in AH (EEF1A2, CFTR, SOX4, TREM2, CTHRC1, HSPB8, TUBB3, PRKAA2, RNASE1, MTCL1 and HGF), all of which were up-regulated. In the liver tissues of AH patients and mice, the relative expression levels of SOX4, TREM2, HSPB8 and PRKAA2 in the AH group were higher than those in the control group. Conclusions SOX4, TREM2, HSPB8 and PRKAA2 may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AH.

Inteligência artificial e saúde: ressituar o problema / Artificial intelligence and health: resituating the problem / Inteligencia artificial y salud: reubicar el problema

Diante dos avanços recentes da inteligência artificial, a presente nota de conjuntura busca recolocar questões fundamentais que emergem nesse contexto. Deslocando-se tanto das leituras salvacionistas quanto apocalípticas, argumentamos que a perda do privilégio do excepcionalismo humano pode ser uma oportunidade para repensar a inteligência a partir de uma perspectiva relacional e co-produzida entre humanos e outros-que-humanos. Tal perspectiva, no entanto, deve ser acompanhada de um olhar atento às relações de poder que em grande medida definem os destinos da IA. Sobre esse aspecto, apontamos as implicações do modelo epistêmico e de negócios hegemônico da IA, um modelo preditivo-aceleracionista dominado por grandes empresas de tecnologia. Finalmente, destacamos alguns riscos envolvidos na inclusão de máquinas inteligentes no campo da saúde, bem como os perigos da subordinação de valores e direitos públicos a interesses comerciais, o que demanda uma atenção e um cuidado coletivos e permanentes na construção dos arranjos sociotécnicos e políticos de implementação da IA nesse campo

In the face of artificial intelligence recent advances, this note seeks to reassess fundamental questions that emerge in this context. Moving away from both salvationist and apocalyptic readings, we argue that the human exceptionalism privilege loss can be an opportunity to rethink intelligence from a relational and co-produced perspective between humans and other-than-humans. Such an angle, however, must be accompanied by a careful examination of the power relations that largely define the fate of AI. On this aspect, we reflect on the implications of the hegemonic epistemic and business model of AI, a predictive accelerationist one dominated by large technology companies. Lastly, we highlight the risks involved in the inclusion of intelligent machines in the fields of health and care, as well as the dangers of subordinating public values and rights to commercial interests, which demands attentive, collective and permanent care in the construction of sociotechnical and political arrangements for the implementation of AI in this field.

Ante los recientes avances de la inteligencia artificial, el presente informe busca plantear cuestiones fundamentales que surgen en este contexto. Alejándose tanto de las lecturas salvacionistas como apocalípticas, argumentamos que la pérdida del privilegio del excepcionalismo humano puede ser una oportunidad para repensar la inteligencia desde una perspectiva relacional y co-producida entre humanos y otros-que-humanos. Sin embargo, tal perspectiva debe ir acompañada de una mirada atenta a las relaciones de poder que en gran medida definen el destino de la IA. En este aspecto, señalamos las implicaciones del modelo epistémico y de negocios hegemónico de la IA, un modelo predictivo-aceleracionista dominado por grandes empresas tecnológicas. Por último, destacamos algunos riesgos de la inclusión de máquinas inteligentes en el campo de la salud, así como los peligros de subordinar valores y derechos públicos a intereses comerciales, lo cual requiere una atención y un cuidado colectivos y permanentes en la construcción de los ensamblajes sociotécnicos y políticos de implementación de la IA en este campo

Differential gene expression analysis in germinating and dormant teliospores of Tilletia indica using RNA seq approach

Karnal bunt of wheat is an important quarantine disease that interrupts India’s wheat trade in the international market. The whole transcriptome of germinating and dormant teliospores of Tilletia indica was performed using the RNA Seq approach to identify germination-related genes. Approximately 63 million reads were generated using the RNA sequencing by the Illumina NextSeq500 platform. The high-quality reads were deposited in NCBI SRA database (accession: PRJNA522347). The unigenes from the pooled teliospores were 16,575 having unigenes length of 28,998,753 bases. The high-quality reads of germinating teliospores mapped on to 21,505 predicted CDSs. 9,680 CDSs were common between dormant and germinating teliospores of T. indica. 11,825 CDSs were found to be in germinating teliospores while only 91 were unique in dormant spores of pathogen. The pathway analysis showed the highest number of pathways was found in germinating spores than dormant spores. The highest numbers of CDSs were found to be associated with translation (431 in number), transport and catabolism (340), signal transduction (326), and carbohydrate metabolism (283). The differential expression analysis (DESeq) of germinating and dormant teliospores showed that 686 CDS were up-regulated and 114 CDS were down-regulated in the germinating teliospores. Significant germination-related genes in the spores were validated using qPCR analysis. Ten genes viz. Ti3931, Ti6828, Ti7098, Ti7462, Ti7522, Ti 9289, Ti 8670, Ti 7959, Ti 7809,and Ti10095 were highly up-regulated in germinated teliospores which may have role in germination of spores.Further, these differentially expressed genes provide insights into the molecular events. This first study of transcriptome will be helpful to devise better management strategies to manage Karnal bunt disease.

Automated extraction of information from free text of Spanish oncology pathology reports

Background: Pathology reports are stored as unstructured, ungrammatical, fragmented, and abbreviated free text with linguistic variability among pathologists. For this reason, tumor information extraction requires a significant human effort. Recording data in an efficient and high-quality format is essential in implementing and establishing a hospital-based-cancer registry Objective: This study aimed to describe implementing a natural language processing algorithm for oncology pathology reports. Methods: An algorithm was developed to process oncology pathology reports in Spanish to extract 20 medical descriptors. The approach is based on the successive coincidence of regular expressions. Results: The validation was performed with 140 pathological reports. The topography identification was performed manually by humans and the algorithm in all reports. The human identified morphology in 138 reports and by the algorithm in 137. The average fuzzy matching score was 68.3 for Topography and 89.5 for Morphology. Conclusions: A preliminary algorithm validation against human extraction was performed over a small set of reports with satisfactory results. This shows that a regular-expression approach can accurately and precisely extract multiple specimen attributes from free-text Spanish pathology reports. Additionally, we developed a website to facilitate collaborative validation at a larger scale which may be helpful for future research on the subject.

Introducción: Los reportes de patología están almacenados como texto libre sin estructura, gramática, fragmentados o abreviados, con variabilidad lingüística entre patólogos. Por esta razón, la extracción de información de tumores requiere un esfuerzo humano significativo. Almacenar información en un formato eficiente y de alta calidad es esencial para implementar y establecer un registro hospitalario de cáncer. Objetivo: Este estudio busca describir la implementación de un algoritmo de Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural para reportes de patología oncológica. Métodos: Desarrollamos un algoritmo para procesar reportes de patología oncológica en Español, con el objetivo de extraer 20 descriptores médicos. El abordaje se basa en la coincidencia sucesiva de expresiones regulares. Resultados: La validación se hizo con 140 reportes de patología. La identificación topográfica se realizó por humanos y por el algoritmo en todos los reportes. La morfología fue identificada por humanos en 138 reportes y por el algoritmo en 137. El valor de coincidencias parciales (fuzzy matches) promedio fue de 68.3 para Topografía y 89.5 para Morfología. Conclusiones: Se hizo una validación preliminar del algoritmo contra extracción humana sobre un pequeño grupo de reportes, con resultados satisfactorios. Esto muestra que múltiples atributos del espécimen pueden ser extraídos de manera precisa de texto libre de reportes de patología en Español, usando un abordaje de expresiones regulares. Adicionalmente, desarrollamos una página web para facilitar la validación colaborativa a gran escala, lo que puede ser beneficioso para futuras investigaciones en el tema.

O percurso categorial da natureza e da história: pertinência para os estudos sobre o ser social e sua corporeidade no âmbito da Educação Física / The categorical path of nature and history: relevance for studies on the social being and its corporeality in the scope of Physical Education / El camino categórico de la naturaleza y la historia: relevancia para los estudios sobre el ser social y su corporeidad en el ámbito de la Educación Física

O presente trabalho acompanha o desenvolvimento das categorias natureza e história no pensamento filosófico-social ocidental até o século XVIII. O estudo centrado nestas categorias as entendem como importantes pressupostos para uma ontologia do ser social marxiana-lukasciana. Também entende como necessária a revisão da elaboração destes fundamentos para se compreender o corpo e a corporeidade humana constituídos no complexo relacional destas categorias. Conclui-se que a antinomia entre o natural e histórico-social neste período não possui resoluções concretas e satisfatórias para o entendimento do complexo, mas é possível observar a tentativa de cisão e superação da natureza pelo espírito racional.

This present paper follows the development of the nature and history categories in Western social-philosophical thought until the 18th century. The study focused on these categories, understanding them as important assumptions for a Marxian-Lukascian ontology of social being. It is also understood as necessary to review the elaboration of these foundations in order to understand the human body and corporeality constituted in the relational complex of these categories. It is concluded that the antinomy between the natural and the historical-social in this period does not have concrete and satisfactory resolutions for the understanding of the complex, but it is possible to observe the attempt to split and overcome nature by the rational spirit.

Este ensayo sigue el desarrollo de las categorías naturaleza e historia en el pensamiento socio-filosófico occidental hasta el siglo XVIII. El estudio centrado en estas categorías, las entiende como presupuestos importantes para una ontología del ser social presente en la obra de Marx, Engels y Lukács. Entiende también como necesaria, la revisión de la elaboración de estos fundamentos para comprender el cuerpo y la corporeidad humana constituida en el complejo relacional de estas categorías. Se concluye que la antinomia entre lo natural y lo histórico-social en este período no tiene resoluciones concretas y satisfactorias para la comprensión del complejo, pero es posible observar el intento de escisión y superación de la naturaleza por parte del espíritu racional.

O percurso constitutivo da ontologia Marxiana-Lukacsiana: apontamentos pertinentes para o debate gnosiológico-epistemológico sobre a corporeidade humana / The path of constitution of the Marxian-Lukacsian ontology: relevance for the gnosiological and epistemological debate on human corporeity / El camino de constitución de la ontología Marxiano-Lukácsiana: relevancia para el debate gnosiológico y epistemológico sobre la corporeidad humana

RESUMO A presente exposição objetiva, através da apresentação do percurso de constituição da ontologia marxiana-lukasciana, extrair considerações iniciais críticas às teorias sociais modernas que são fundamentos teórico-epistemológicos para os estudos sobre a corporeidade humana. Aportado em uma pesquisa doutoral qualitativa de cunho teórico-bibliográfica, centra-se aqui na revisão que Lukács realizou sobre as teorias antiontológicas e aquelas que reivindicavam uma ontologia do ente presentificado no cotidiano. Conclui-se provisoriamente que a detecção dos problemas e limites das abordagens investigadas, em especial, uma noção demasiada abstrata do Ser, possam ser pertinentes para a análise da produção dos estudos sobre a corporeidade desenvolvidos na Educação Física.

ABSTRACT This exposition aims, through the presentation of the path of constitution of the Marxian-Lukascian ontology, to extract initial critical considerations to modern social theories that are theoretical-epistemological foundations for studies on human embodiment. Based on a qualitative doctoral research of a theoretical-bibliographic nature, it focuses here on the review that Lukács carried out on anti-ontological theories and those that claimed an ontology of the being present in everyday life. It is provisionally concluded that the detection of the problems and limits of the investigated approaches, in particular, an overly abstract notion of Being, may be relevant for the analysis of the production of studies on embodiment developed in Physical Education.

RESUMEN Esta exposición pretende, a través de la presentación del camino de constitución de la ontología marxiano-lukasciana, extraer consideraciones críticas iniciales a las teorías sociales modernas que son fundamentos teórico-epistemológicos para los estudios sobre la corporeidad humana. A partir de una investigación doctoral cualitativa de carácter teórico-bibliográfico, se centra aquí en la revisión que Lukács realizó sobre las teorías antiontológicas y aquellas que reivindicaban una ontología del ser presente en la vida cotidiana. Se concluye provisionalmente que la detección de los problemas y límites de los enfoques investigados, en particular, una noción excesivamente abstracta del Ser, puede ser relevante para el análisis de la producción de estudios sobre la corporeidad desarrollados en Educación Física.

Classificações, rótulos e giros: o panorama da discussão epistemológica da educação física brasileira no século xxi / Classifications, labels and turns: the overview of the epistemological discussion of brazilian physical education in the 21st century / Clasificaciones, etiquetas y giros: el panorama de la discusión epistemológica de la educación física brasileña en el siglo xxi

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar o panorama da discussão epistemológica da Educação Física (EF) brasileira, no século XXI, com o intuito de contribuir com novas chaves de leitura para o debate. Para tal, além da análise da produção científica do campo sobre o assunto, foram realizadas entrevistas com oito pesquisadores que publicam artigos sobre o tema da epistemologia, sendo eles: Valter Bracht, Mauro Betti, Paulo Fensterseifer, Pedro Hallal, Felipe Quintão de Almeida, Juliano de Souza, Marcelo Moraes e Silva e Ricardo Rezer. A partir da produção científica e das entrevistas é possível concluir que a discussão epistemológica da EF brasileira avança rumo a uma condição de pluralidade que parece vir acompanhada de problemas em relação à formação científica.

The objective of this article was to analyze the panorama of the epistemological discussion of Brazilian Physical Education in the 21st century, with the aim of contributing new reading keys to the debate. To this end, in addition to analyzing the field's scientific production on the subject, interviews were conducted with eight researchers who publish articles on the epistemology of Brazilian Physical Education, namely: Valter Bracht, Mauro Betti, Paulo Fensterseifer, Pedro Hallal, Felipe Quintão de Almeida, Juliano de Souza, Marcelo Moraes e Silva and Ricardo Rezer. From the scientific production and the interviews, it is possible to conclude that the epistemological discussion of Brazilian Physical Education moves towards a condition of plurality, however, it seems to be accompanied by problems in relation to scientific training.

El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar el panorama de la discusión epistemológica de la Educación Física brasileña en el siglo XXI, buscando contribuir con nuevas claves de lectura para el debate. Para ello, se analizó la producción científica del campo sobre el tema y se realizaron entrevistas con ocho investigadores que publican artículos sobre la epistemología de la Educación Física brasileña, a saber: Valter Bracht, Mauro Betti, Paulo Fensterseifer, Pedro Hallal, Felipe Quintão de Almeida, Juliano de Souza, Marcelo Moraes e Silva y Ricardo Rezer. A partir de la producción científica y de las entrevistas, es posible concluir que la discusión epistemológica de la Educación Física brasileña transita hacia una condición de pluralidad, sin embargo, parece estar acompañada de problemas en relación a la formación científica.

Educação Física, ontologia marxista e materialismo sem corpo / Physical Education, Marxist ontology and bodiless materialism / Educación física, ontología marxista y materialismo sin cuerpo

Objetiva retomar reflexões de estudos anteriores para fazer a crítica a ontologia marxista a fim de interpelar consequências da "virada ontológica" no campo da Educação Física. Conclui-se que falta a perspectiva ontológica em pauta reconhecer a existência de uma linguagem corpórea como via legítima do conhecimento, um saber orgânico, um conhecer no mover-se que é aquém da consciência, que antecede a compreensão humana e que só é possível porque há um corpo que age no mundo. Assim, acena para uma reversão de tal ontologia, indicando que seu avesso pode ser um caminho fértil para uma virada ontológica na Educação Física a partir das variações intensivas do corpo.

The purpose of this paper is to resume reflections on previous studies to criticize the Marxist ontology in order to question the consequences of the "ontological turn" in the field of Physical Education. The conclusion is that the ontological perspective in question fails to recognize the existence of a body language as a legitimate way of knowledge, an organic knowledge, a knowing in movement that is beyond consciousness, that precedes human understanding and that is only possible because there is a body that acts in the world. Thus, it points to a turning point of such ontology, indicating that its opposite may be a fertile path for an ontological turn in Physical Education based on the intensive variations of the body.

Pretende retomar reflexiones de estudios anteriores de crítica a la ontología marxista para cuestionar las consecuencias del "giro ontológico" en el campo de la Educación Física. Se concluye que la perspectiva ontológica en cuestión carece de reconocer la existencia de un lenguaje corpóreo como forma legítima de conocimiento, un saber orgánico, un saber en movimiento que está por debajo de la conciencia, que precede al entendimiento humano y que sólo es posible porque hay un cuerpo que actúa en el mundo. Así, apunta a una reversión de tal ontología, indicando que su reversa puede ser un camino fértil para un giro ontológico en la Educación Física a partir de las variaciones intensivas del cuerpo.

O sexo em psicanálise como ontologia negativa / El sexo en el psicoanálisis como ontología negativa / Sex in psychoanalysis as a negative ontology

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é defender a tese de que o sexo em psicanálise apresenta caráter ontologicamente negativo. Desde Freud, sabemos que sexo não se restringe a práticas específicas nem se aferra a objetos predeterminados - sexo é encarado como pulsional; sendo assim, perverso, polimorfo e infantil. Desta feita, trata-se de um objeto não positivado e que se manifesta em fenômenos negativos, como as formações do inconsciente - sexo, inconsciente e não saber estão intimamente associados. O impasse ontológico radical concernente ao sexo compõe os desenvolvimentos lacanianos referentes ao desejo e ao gozo. Ater-se à espécie de negatividade que lhe é própria permite extrair outras consequências do aforismo 'não há relação sexual' - para além da ideia de obstáculo ou impedimento, problematiza-se a face ontológica negativa da não relação, correspondente à ligação entre simbólico e real e que pode ser formalizada no matema S (Ⱥ). O artigo também põe em destaque incidências clínicas desta proposta - reconhecer a irredutibilidade ontológica da negação nos desvia das determinações positivas que sustentam normatizações identitárias em horizonte clínico.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es defender la tesis de que el sexo en el psicoanálisis tiene un carácter ontológicamente negativo. Desde Freud hemos sabido que el sexo no se limita a prácticas específicas, ni se aferra a objetos predeterminados: el sexo es visto como pulsional; así, perverso, polimorfo e infantil. Esta vez, es un objeto no positivo que se manifiesta en fenómenos negativos, como las formaciones del inconsciente: el sexo, el inconsciente y el no-saber están estrechamente asociados. El impasse ontológico radical sobre el sexo constituye el desarrollo lacaniano sobre el deseo y el goce. Cumplir con su propio tipo de negatividad nos permite extraer otras consecuencias del aforismo 'no hay relación sexual': más allá de la idea de obstáculo o impedimento, el aspecto ontológicamente negativo de la no-relación, correspondiente al vínculo entre lo simbólico y lo real, se problematiza. Este marco teórico se puede formalizar en el matema S (Ⱥ). El artículo también destaca las implicaciones clínicas de esta propuesta: reconocer la irreductibilidad ontológica de la negación nos desvía de las determinaciones positivas que sustentan las normas de identidad en el horizonte clínico.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article was to defend the thesis that sex in psychoanalysis has an ontologically negative character. Since Freud, we have known that sex is not limited to specific practices or attached to predetermined objects - sex is seen as instinctual; therefore, perverse, polymorphous and childish. In this case, it is a non-positivized object that manifests itself in negative phenomena, such as the formations of the unconscious - sex, unconscious and not-knowing are intimately associated. The radical ontological impasse concerning sex makes up the Lacanian developments concerning desire and jouissance. Keeping to the negativity that is proper to it allows to draw other consequences from the aphorism 'there is no sexual relationship' - in addition to the idea of obstacle or impediment, the negative ontological face of non-relation is problematized, corresponding to the link between symbolic and real, which can be formalized in the matheme S (Ⱥ). The article also highlights clinical incidences of this proposal - recognizing that ontological irreducibility of negation diverts us from positive determinations that support identity norms in the clinical horizon.

Development and Application of Ontology of Cancer Hallmarks / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To develop a traceable cancer hallmark ontology with terminology including gene mutation,cancer hallmark,and cell line for knowledge integration,standardization,correlation,and discovery.Methods The Ontology Development 101 and the current ontology development methods were employed to determine the content coverage,structural layers,reusable terms,and new terms of the cancer hallmark ontology.Taking colorectal cancer as a study case,we extracted the knowledge related with colorectal cancer hallmarks using text mining and text classification technology from PubMed,and then formalized the extracted knowledge into the cancer hallmark ontology.Moreover,we made use of existing cancer hallmark evidence in Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer and further semantic retrieval to discover new knowledge.Results The established cancer hallmark ontology comprised 9910 classes and 6138 instances,which realized the semantic representation of 2310 article abstracts about colorectal cancer and 26 pieces of evidence about genes and their cancer hallmarks.Compared with the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer,new evidence for more genes associated with colorectal cancer hallmarks was found based on cancer hallmark ontology.Conclusion This study is of great significance to the research on the cancer pathogenesis at the molecular level,the revealing of specific roles of genes and mutations in the occurrence of cancer,and the rapid knowledge discovery of cancer hallmarks.

Research on ontology construction of acupuncture effect based on ISO/TS 16843-6: 2022 / 中国针灸

In order to specify the information expression of acupuncture effect and realize the knowledge reuse and sharing, in view of animal experiments and clinical trials, the relevant knowledge of acupuncture effect is allocated. Using seven-step method and Protégé5.5.0 tool, the ontology of acupuncture effect is constructed on the base of ISO/TS 16843-6: 2022. A total of 199 classes are constructed, including 7 categories (acupuncture point, acupuncture therapy, needling method, biological process, genes and gene products, disorder, and anatomic structure), 12 object properties, 1 108 instances and 5 123 axioms. A semantic network with the characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion is established and the structured expression for the knowledge of acupuncture effects is obtained, which lays the foundation for the innovation and development in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Construction of Literature Knowledge Ontology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Trials： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo effectively organize the interdisciplinary knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and evidence-based medicine contained in the clinical trial literature of TCM and facilitate the processing and mapping of multi-source data， this paper organized the knowledge of clinical trial literature of TCM by ontology modeling. MethodThe seven-step method and skeleton method were used to develop the ontology. After the structure and language characteristics of TCM clinical trial literature were analyzed， the ontological and non-ontological resources such as top-level framework of Scientific Evidence and Provenance Information Ontology （SEPIO） and TCM language system （TCMLS） were reused to determine the domain concepts and attribute relationship. Finally， the core concepts and attribute relationship such as disease， syndrome， symptom， grouping， intervention measures， outcome indicators and literature quality information were determined. ResultThe information contained in the clinical trial literature of TCM was divided into five categories. According to the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool and CONSORT 2010 statement， the literature quality evaluation information was mapped to the ontology， and a total of 68 categories， 8 object attributes， and 38 data attributes were established， which basically realized the structured expression of clinical trial literature. ConclusionThe ontology of TCM clinical trial literature constructed in this study can well organize， utilize， and present the construction and association of internal knowledge system in TCM clinical trial literature， underpinning the reasoning of strength of evidence and information of diagnosis and treatment in the future.

Ética, ontologia y epistemología del cuidado de enfermería para con el paciente con enfermedad renal / Ethics, ontology and epistemology of nursing care for patients with kidney disease / Ética, ontologia e epistemologia dos cuidados de enfermagem para o paciente com doença renal

Los ensayos y escritos relacionados con el cuidado del paciente renal a través de los años se han enfocado a la calidad de vida, estilos de afrontamiento, satisfacción o percepciones que experimentan los pacientes durante su enfermedad. El presente articulo pretende reconocer que el cuidado de enfermería para con el paciente renal es un aspecto fundamental que proporciona al profesional la comprensión de la realidad del paciente y contribuye de manera positiva a comprender la realidad de enfermería como disciplina; enmarcadas en algunas posiciones que permiten garantizar su significado. Estas posiciones son la ética, la ontología y la epistemología. La ética se logra cuando el profesional de enfermería consigue proteger y respetar la dignidad humana del paciente renal que reciben atención de salud, la ontología se ocupa de reflexionar acerca de las concepciones de la realidad y sus relaciones centrando su finalidad en la búsqueda de la salud, del bienestar, la independencia y la trascendencia del paciente renal y la epistemología consiste en mostrar, de manera holística, la evolución del conocimiento de la enfermería para brindar un cuidado de excelencia al paciente renal.

Abstract Over the years, essays and writings related to kidney patient care have focused on quality of life, coping styles, satisfaction, or perceptions experienced by patients during their illness. This article aims to recognize that nursing care for kidney patients is a fundamental aspect that provides the professional with an understanding of the patient's reality and contributes positively to understanding the reality of nursing as a discipline framed in some positions that guarantee their meaning. These positions are ethics, ontology, and epistemology. Ethics is achieved when the nursing professional manages to protect and respect the human dignity of kidney patients who receive health care. Ontology deals with reflecting on the conceptions of reality and their relationships, focusing its purpose on the search for health, well-being, independence, and transcendence of kidney patients. And epistemology consists of showing, in a holistic way, the evolution of nursing knowledge to provide excellent care to kidney patients.

Resumo: Ensaios e escritos relacionados com os cuidados aos pacientes renais ao longo dos anos têmse focado na qualidade de vida, estilos de enfrentamento, satisfação ou percepções que os pacientes experimentam durante a sua doença. Este artigo tem como objetivo reconhecer que o cuidado de enfermagem para o doente renal é um aspecto fundamental que proporciona ao profissional uma compreensão da realidade do doente e contribui positivamente para a compreensão da realidade da enfermagem como disciplina; emoldurado em algumas posições que permitem garantir seu significado. Estas posições são ética, ontologia e epistemología. A ética é alcançada quando o profissional de enfermagem consegue proteger e respeitar a dignidade humana do paciente renal que recebe cuidados de saúde, a ontologia se preocupa em refletir sobre as concepções da realidade e as suas relações centrando o seu propósito na procura de saúde, bem-estar, independência e transcendência do paciente renal e epistemologia consiste em mostrar, holisticamente, a evolução do conhecimento de enfermagem para prestar um excelente cuidado ao paciente renal.

Ontologia(s) da violência no futebol: por um estudo (in)disciplinado de um fenômeno social / Ontology(s) of violence in football: for an (in)disciplined study of a social phenomenon / Ontología(s) de la violencia en el fútbol: para un estudio (in)disciplinado de un fenómeno social

Este ensaio desenvolve uma reflexão, de caráter ontológico, sobre os conflitos violentos envolvendo torcedores de futebol e discute a pertinência da abordagem interdisciplinar para o estudo dos mesmos. Para isso, em um primeiro momento, problematiza a noção de interdisciplinariedade a partir de questionamentos trazidos pelo antirealismo ontológico e discute as contribuições e limites dessa proposta para a compreensão da violência no futebol. Em seguida, argumenta a favor de uma abordagem (in)disciplinada de tal violência. Abordagem que não se limita a multiplicar os olhares sobre ela, mas multiplica suas formas de existir. Abordagem que reconhece a relevância de saberes locais e que busca examinar as práticas que transformam a violência no futebol em um objeto do conhecimento.

This essay develops an ontological reflection on violent conflicts involving football fans, as well as discusses the relevance of the interdisciplinary approach to the research this subject. To do so, at first, it problematizes the notion of interdisciplinarity from questions brought by ontological antirealism and discusses the contributions and limits of this proposal for understanding violence in football. Then, it argues in favour of an (in)disciplined approach to such violence. An approach that does not merely multiply the ways of looking at it, but also multiplies its ways of existing. An approach that recognises the relevance of local knowledge and seeks to examine the practices that turn football violence into an object of knowledge.

Este ensayo desarrolla una reflexión, de carácter ontológico, sobre los conflictos violentos que involucran a los aficionados al fútbol y discute la relevancia del enfoque interdisciplinario para el estudio de los mismos. Para ello, en un primer momento, se problematiza la noción de interdisciplinariedad a partir de los cuestionamientos que trae el antirealismo ontológico y se discuten los aportes y límites de esta propuesta para la comprensión de la violencia en el fútbol. A continuación, argumenta a favor de un enfoque (in)disciplinado de dicha violencia. Un enfoque que no se limita a multiplicar las formas de mirar, sino que multiplica sus formas de existir. Un enfoque que reconoce la relevancia del conocimiento local y busca examinar las prácticas que convierten la violencia en el fútbol en un objeto de conocimiento.

Aspectos controversos de uma interpretação do giro linguístico sobre a ontologia de lukács como referência crítica na educação física / Aspectos controvertidos de una interpretación del giro lingüístico sobre la ontología de lukács como referencia crítica en la educación física / Controversial aspects of an interpretation of the language turn on the ontology of lukács as a critical reference in physical education

O presente artigo se justifica pela identificação de limites e reducionismos encontrados na interpretação e descrição, oferecidas pela crítica dos giros linguísticos, sobre o que chamam de:"atividade epistemológica em Educação Física" por uma denominada "reação ontológica". O objetivo não é apenas se contrapor, mas demonstrar na discussão ora apresentada os possíveis equívocos em relação à crítica ontológica realizada ao filósofo György Lukács no campo da Educação Física. Para tanto, buscamos os artigos envolvidos no debate, destacando nossa investigação e análise em relação ao estudo de Almeida e Vaz(2010), intitulado: "Do giro linguístico ao giro ontológico na atividade epistemológica em Educação Física". (AU)

Este artículo se justifica por la identificación de límites y reduccionismos encontrados en la interpretación y descripción ofrecidas por la crítica de los giros lingüísticos sobre lo que denominan: "actividad epistemológica en Educación Física" por una llamada "reacción ontológica". El objetivo no es solo contraponerse, sino demostrar en la discusión aquí presentada los posibles malentendidos en relación a la crítica ontológica realizada al filósofo György Lukács en el campo de la Educación Física. Para ello, buscamos los artículos involucrados en el debate, destacando nuestra investigación y análisis en relación al estudio de Almeida y Vaz (2010), titulado: "Del giro lingüístico al giro ontológico en la actividad epistemológica en Educación Física". (AU)

This article is justified by the identification of limits and reductionisms found in the interpretation and description, offered by the critique of linguistic turns, about what they call: "epistemological activity in Physical Education" by a so-called "ontological reaction". The objective is not only to oppose, but to demonstrate in the discussion presented here the possible misunderstandings in relation to the ontological critique made to the philosopher György Lukács in the field of Physical Education. Therefore, we searched the articles involved in the debate, highlighting our investigation and analysis in relation to the study by Almeida and Vaz (2010), titled: "From the linguistic turn to the ontological turn in the epistemological activity in Physical Education". (AU)

Construction and application of knowledge graph of Treatise on Febrile Diseases / 数字中医药（英文）

Objective@#To establish the knowledge graph of “disease-syndrome-symptom-method-formula” in Treatise on Febrile Diseases (Shang Han Lun,《伤寒论》) for reducing the fuzziness and uncertainty of data, and for laying a foundation for later knowledge reasoning and its application.@*Methods@#Under the guidance of experts in the classical formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the method of “top-down as the main, bottom-up as the auxiliary” was adopted to carry out knowledge extraction, knowledge fusion, and knowledge storage from the five aspects of the disease, syndrome, symptom, method, and formula for the original text of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, and so the knowledge graph of Treatise on Febrile Diseases was constructed. On this basis, the knowledge structure query and the knowledge relevance query were realized in a visual manner. @*Results@#The knowledge graph of “disease-syndrome-symptom-method-formula” in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases was constructed, containing 6 469 entities and 10 911 relational triples, on which the query of entities and their relationships can be carried out and the query result can be visualized. @*Conclusion@#The knowledge graph of Treatise on Febrile Diseases systematically realizes its digitization of the knowledge system, and improves the completeness and accuracy of the knowledge representation, and the connection between “disease-syndrome-symptom-treatment-formula”, which is conducive to the sharing and reuse of knowledge can be obtained in a clear and efficient way.

Descripción y análisis de las cadenas de contagio de COVID-19 a partir de las ontologías / Description and analysis of COVID-19 contagion chains from an ontological perspective

La COVID-19 es una enfermedad causada por el virus SARS-COV2, la cual ha provocado la muerte de miles de personas en todo el mundo. La alta transmisibilidad es uno de los factores que dificulta considerablemente su contención. El análisis de las cadenas de contagio podría ofrecer elementos de interés, tanto para los estudios virológicos como epidemiológicos. Por otra parte, las ontologías se han convertido en una tecnología ampliamente aceptada para la representación del conocimiento y su correspondiente análisis. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar un modelo ontológico para la representación y el análisis de las cadenas de contagio por COVID-19. La ontología fue desarrollada con el lenguaje OWL (Web Ontology Language), el cual es un lenguaje formal basado en lógicas descriptivas. Por lo tanto, esta propuesta podría ayudar a inferir conocimiento sobre las cadenas de contagios y así contribuir a la lucha que lleva a efecto la comunidad científica contra la COVID-19. La adopción de esta propuesta contribuirá a agilizar el análisis de las cadenas de contagio, así como a profundizar en la búsqueda de rasgos que pudieran pasar inadvertidos utilizando otros enfoques(AU)

COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which has killed thousands of people worldwide. Its high transmissibility is a factor that considerably hinders its containment. The analysis of contagion chains could provide elements of interest for both virological and epidemiological studies. On the other hand, ontologies have become a widely accepted technology for knowledge representation and its corresponding analysis. The purpose of the study was to present an ontological model for the representation and analysis of COVID-19 contagion chains. The model was developed in OWL (Web Ontology Language), a formal language based on descriptive logics. The proposal could therefore be useful to infer knowledge about contagion chains, thus contributing to the struggle of the scientific community against COVID-19. Adoption of this proposal will help speed up the analysis of contagion chains, as well as gain insight into the search for features which could go unnoticed if other approaches are used(AU)

Programación intrauterina de enfermedad en la vida adulta: identificación de genes cardinales asociados a hipertensión arterial, obesidad y síndrome metabólico / Intrauterine Programming of Adult Disease: Identification of Cardinal Genes Associated with Hypertension, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

RESUMEN Introducción: La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino es una alteración del desarrollo fetal que se caracteriza por una tasa de crecimiento durante la etapa fetal que es menor al potencial genético de crecimiento para la edad gestacional. Esta condición plantea una carga importante para la salud pública, ya que aumenta la morbimortalidad de la descendencia, a corto y a largo plazo, particularmente, por asociarse al desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular y metabólica en la vida adulta. Objetivos: Mediante el uso de herramientas bioinformáticas nos propusimos identificar posibles genes cardinales involucrados en la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino asociados al desarrollo de obesidad, hipertensión arterial y síndrome metabólico. Material y métodos: Obtuvimos un total de 343 genes involucrados en los fenotipos de interés e identificamos 20 genes que resultaron significativamente relevantes en el análisis de la red de interacción. Particularmente, cuatro de estos genes identificados codifican para factores de crecimiento o sus receptores, VEGFA, PDGFRB, IGF1R y EGFR. Además, identificamos genes relacionados con la insulina y el control de la homeostasis cardiovascular, como son el CTNNB1, APP, MYC y MDMD2. Por otra parte, el análisis de clústeres permitió reconocer los términos de ontología genética más significativos, entre los que se destacan aquellos relacionados con procesos biológicos de proliferación y muerte celular programada, de comunicación intercelular, del metabolismo proteico, y de desarrollo del sistema cardiovascular. Conclusiones: Los genes hallados en este estudio podrían ser de utilidad como biomarcadores putativos de la presencia de alteraciones cardiovasculares y metabólicas asociadas a la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino o potenciales blancos terapéuticos de estrategias de tratamiento orientadas al genotipo del paciente.

ABSTRACT Background: Intrauterine growth restriction is an abnormal fetal development characterized by a fetal growth rate lower than the potential genetic growth for the gestational age. This condition represents a major burden for public health systems, as it increases short and long-term morbidity and mortality in the offspring, particularly because of its association with the development of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in adult life. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to identify possible cardinal genes involved in intrauterine growth restriction associated with the development of obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome using bioinformatics tools. Methods: A total of 343 genes involved in the phenotypes of interest were obtained and 20 genes were identified as significantly relevant in the interaction network analysis. Specifically, four of these identified genes encode for growth factors or their receptors, VEGFA, PDGFRB, IGF1R and EGFR. We also identified genes related to insulin and cardiovascular homeostasis as CTNNB1, APP, MYC and MDMD2. Cluster analysis provided the most significant gene ontology terms, including those related to the biological processes of proliferation and programmed cell death, intercellular communication, protein metabolism and development of the cardiovascular system. Conclusions: The genes found in this study could be useful as putative biomarkers for the presence of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders associated with intrauterine growth restriction, or as potential therapeutic targets for treatment strategies directed to the patient's genotype.

A Critique Empirical Evaluation of Relevance Computation for Focused Web Crawlers

Abstract Analogous to the spectacular growth of information-superhighway, The Internet, demands for coherent and economical crawling methods are translucent to shoot up. Consequently, many innovative techniques have been put forth for efficient crawling. Among them the significant one is focused crawlers. The focused crawlers are capable in searching web pages that are suitable for the topics defined in advance. Focused crawlers attract several search engines on the grounds of efficient filtering, reduced memory and time consumption. This paper furnishes a relevance computation based survey on web crawling. A bunch of fifty two focused crawlers from the existing literature survey is categorized to four different classes - classic focused crawler, semantic focused crawler, learning focused crawler and ontology learning focused crawler. The prerequisite and the mastery of each metric with respect to harvest rate, target recall, precision and F1-score are discussed. Future outlooks, shortcomings and strategies are also suggested.