Optimized pathway to schistosomiasis elimination in China: a scrutiny using a marginal benefit approach / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Following concerted efforts for over 7 decades, great achievements have been gained in the national schistosomiasis control program of China. Currently, China is moving towards the stage of schistosomiasis elimination, when the major task is to make full use of available resources to improve schistosomiasis surveillance and response to sustainably consolidate gained schistosomiasis control achievements and prevent re-emerging schistosomiasis. There is therefore an urgent need for optimization of interventions for schistosomiasis elimination. Based on analysis of socioeconomic features at different stages of the national schistosomiasis control program in China, this review discusses the relationship between the needs of assessment of schistosomiasis elimination interventions and the optimized strategy of schistosomiasis elimination at different stages of the national schistosomiasis control program using a marginal benefit approach and proposes the optimized schistosomiasis elimination strategy that allows the highest marginal benefit with currently available schistosomiasis elimination costs, so as to provide the optimal strategic pathway to schistosomiasis elimination and facilitate the achievement of the targets set in Healthy China 2030.

Optimized treatment of childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for about 75% of childhood leukemia cases, and B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) accounts for more than 80% of childhood ALL cases. Over the past half century, new molecular biological targets discovered by new techniques have been used in precise stratification of disease prognosis, and there has been a gradual increase in the 5-year overall survival rate of childhood ALL. With the increasing attention to long-term quality of life, the treatment of childhood B-ALL has been constantly optimized from induction therapy to the intensity of maintenance therapy, including the treatment of extramedullary leukemia without radiotherapy, which has been tried with successful results. The realization of optimized treatment also benefits from the development of new techniques associated with immunology and molecular biology and the establishment of standardized clinical cohorts and corresponding biobanks. This article summarizes the relevant research on the implementation of precise stratification and the intensity reduction and optimization treatment of B-ALL in recent years, providing reference for clinicians.

Proximate Analysis, Phytochemical Analysis, Colour Estimation, Antioxidant, Antibacterial Analysis, Shelflife Analysis of Sugarfree Burfi Optimization from Quinoa Seed Powder and Stevia

Quinoa seed powder and stevia has several health benefits. stevia has been naturally incorporated with sugar making it beneficial for diabetic patients. Burfi was an Indian popular sweet with harmful content and qualities. So, burfi was prepared using quinoa seed powder and stevia to incorporate benefits of plant compounds quercetin and kaempferide with the help of physicochemical analysis, proximate analysis, phytochemical analysis, antioxidant analysis shelf-life analysis and colour estimation analysis. The moisture content of optimized burfi and control burfi was obtained to be 15-20% percent respectively. The protein content of optimized burfi and control burfi have value 18.97-20.286% percent respectively. The fat content of optimized burfi and control burfi were 18.630-21.972% percent respectively. The ash content of optimized burfi and control burfi 3.4-4% percent respectively. The Titrable acidity of optimized burfi and control burfi were 1.035-1.16% percent respectively. The carbohydrate of optimized burfi and control burfi were 31.66-25.708% percent respectively. The crude fiber of optimized burfi and control burfi were 0-1.25% percent respectively. The calcium of optimized burfi and control burfi were 571-520 mg respectively. The pH of optimized burfi and control burfi were 7.99-8.03 pH respectively etc. Antioxidant activity was analysed using the in standard spectrophotometer method. Optimized quinoa burfi was investigated for their in-scavenging activities using 1,1-diphenyl-1-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Then check the Shelflife at 10 days. T0 - 3.27×102, T1 - 3.36×102, T2 - 4.72×102. Coliform was 0. The quinoa seed powder expands DPPH searching action up to 43.13 µg of focus Other khoa burfi making it good for diabetic and ordinary individuals. The research was done at the research centre of food science examination Laboratory, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University. Lucknow (INDIA).

Comparison of performance with hearing aid programmed to NAL-NL1 first-fit and optimized-fit

ABSTRACT Purpose The initial-fit provided by the hearing aid manufacturer's software is generally a display of measurement done in the ear simulators. The need for verification of hearing aid output and gain in the real ear using probe-microphone measurement to match the prescriptive target is highlighted. The objective of the study was to evaluate the difference in real-ear aided response (REAR), real-ear insertion gain (REIG), aided thresholds, articulation index (AI) and word recognition score (WRS) in quiet, with hearing aid programmed to NAL-NL1 first-fit and NAL-NL1 optimized-fit using the probe-microphone technique. Methods In a repeated measure experimental design, 11 participants with a mean age of 41.09 (SD=±9.95) years having moderate and moderately-severe sensorineural hearing loss were tested monaurally in two aided conditions, with a 16-channel hearing aid programmed for manufacturer's NAL-NL1 first-fit and optimized-fit to NAL-NL1 using probe-microphone verification. The REAR, REIG, aided threshold, articulation index and word recognition scores in quiet were obtained for both aided conditions. Results The REAR, REIG, aided threshold, AI and WRS in quiet were significantly better with the NAL-NL1 optimized-fit compared to manufacturer's NAL-NL1 first-fit. Conclusion The optimized-fit yields better audibility and improved word recognition in quiet. This supports best practice guidelines of many professional organizations regarding the use of probe-microphone measurement as the "Gold standard" for verification of hearing aid fitting, thereby providing better satisfaction and quality of life to hearing aid users.

Heterologous expression and function evaluation of Gloeobacter violaceus rhodopsin in Escherichia coli / 生物工程学报

Proton-pumping rhodopsin (PPR) is a simple photosystem widely distributed in nature. By binding to retinal, PPR can transfer protons from the cytoplasmic to the extracellular side of the membrane under illumination, creating a proton motive force (PMF) to synthesize ATP. The conversion of light into chemical energy by introducing rhodopsin into nonphotosynthetic engineered strains could contribute to promoting growth, increasing production and improving cell tolerance of microbial hosts. Gloeorhodopsin (GR) is a PPR from Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421. We expressed GR heterologously in Escherichia coli and verified its functional activity. GR could properly function as a light-driven proton pump and its absorption maximum was at 539 nm. We observed that GR was mainly located on the cell membrane and no inclusion body could be found. After increasing expression level by ribosome binding site optimization, intracellular ATP increased, suggesting that GR could supply additional energy to heterologous hosts under given conditions.

Meta-analysis of corneal topography-guided and wavefront aberration-optimized comparison of higher-order aberrations after FS-LASIK / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To evaluate the effect of higher-order aberrations(HOAs)after topography-guided and wavefront-optimized femtosecond laser-assisted <i>in situ</i> keratomileusis(FS-LASIK). <p>METHODS: We searched on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Medline, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Data database for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and comparative studies(CTs). The published languages were limited to Chinese and English. The risk bias tool provided by the Cochrane cooperation scale and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the risk bias of included studies of RCTs and CTs. The published biases of included studies were assessed by the Egger test. Meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.4.<p>RESULTS: Two randomized controlled trials and six comparative studies with a total of 987 subjects were included(482 in the topography-guided FS-LASIK group, 505 in the wavefront optimized FS-LASIK group). The Meta-analysis showed that the topography-guided group has a better effect than the wavefront-optimized group in spherical equivalent, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant \〖<i>WMD</i>=0.11, 95%<i>CI </i>(0.07, 0.14), <i>P</i><0.00001\〗. And the results also indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups with HOAs \〖<i>WMD= </i>-0.09, 95%<i>CI </i>(-0.13,-0.05), <i>P</i><0.0001\〗, spherical aberrations \〖<i>WMD=</i>-0.05, 95%<i>CI </i>(-0.09, -0.01), <i>P</i>=0.008\〗 and coma \〖<i>WMD=</i>-0.08, 95%<i>CI </i>(-0.12, -0.05), <i>P</i><0.00001\〗.<p>CONCLUSION: Based on the available evidence, topography-guided FS-LASIK has higher diopter and lower HOAs, spherical aberrations and coma than wavefront-optimized FS-LASIK.

Regression Imputation and Optimized Gaussian Naïve Bayes Algorithm for an Enhanced Diabetes Mellitus Prediction Model

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a category of metabolic disorders caused by high blood sugar. The DM affects human metabolism, and this disease causes many complications like Heart disease, Neuropathy, Diabetic retinopathy, kidney problems, skin disorder and slow healing. It is therefore essential to predict the presence of DM using an automated diabetes diagnosis system, which can be implemented using machine learning algorithms. A variety of automated diabetes prediction systems have been proposed in previous studies. Even so, the low prediction accuracy of DM prediction systems is a major issue. This proposed work developed a diabetes mellitus prediction system to improve the diabetes mellitus prediction accuracy using Optimized Gaussian Naive Bayes algorithm. This proposed model using the Pima Indians diabetes dataset as an input to build the DM predictive model. The missing values of an input dataset are imputed using regression imputation method. The sequential backward feature elimination method is used in this proposed model for selecting the relevant risk factors of diabetes disease. The proposed machine learning classifier named Optimized Gaussian Naïve Bayes (OGNB) is applied to the selected risk factors to create an enhanced Diabetes diagnostic system which predicts Diabetes in an individual. The performance analysis of this prediction architecture shows that, over other traditional machine learning classifiers, the Optimized Gaussian Naïve Bayes achieves an 81.85% classifier accuracy. This proposed DM prediction system is effective as compared to other diabetes prediction systems found in the literature. According to our experimental study, the OGNB based diabetes mellitus prediction system is more appropriate for DM disease prediction.

Effect of fatigue load on internal mechanical properties of the intervertebral disc / Efecto de la carga de fatiga en las propiedades mecánicas internas del disco intervertebral

SUMMARY: Lumbar disc herniation is considered to be the main pathological factor for the common clinical disease of low back pain. Biomechanical factor is an important cause of lumbar disc herniation, so it is urgent to analyze the stress/strain behavior of intervertebral disc under different loading condition. Slow repetitive loading is considered to be an important factor of spine and disc injuries, and the effect of fatigue load on internal displacement in the intervertebral disc was investigated by applying the optimized digital image correlation technique in this study. The first finding was that fatigue load had a significant effect on the displacement distribution in the intervertebral disc under compression. Superficial AF exhibited the largest axial displacements before fatigue load, while it exhibited the smallest axial displacements after fatigue load. Inner AF exhibited slightly smaller radial displacements than outer AF before fatigue load, while it exhibited significantly greater radial displacements than outer AF displacements after fatigue load. The second finding was that fatigue load had a certain effect on the internal displacement distribution in the flexed intervertebral disc under compression. Middle AF exhibited the smallest axial displacements before fatigue load, while deep AF exhibited the smallest axial displacements after fatigue load. The radial displacement distribution did not change before and after fatigue load, as the radial displacement in outer AF was the smallest, while the radial displacement in inner AF was the largest. The third finding was that with the increase in fatigue time and amplitude, the Young's modulus of the intervertebral disc increased significantly. This study can provide the basis for clinical intervertebral disc disease prevention and treatment? and is important for mechanical function evaluation of artificial intervertebral disc as well.

RESUMEN: La hernia de disco lumbar se considera el principal factor patológico para la enfermedad clínica común del dolor lumbar. El factor biomecánico es una causa importante de hernia de disco lumbar, por lo que es urgente analizar el comportamiento de esfuerzo / tensión del disco intervertebral bajo diferentes condiciones de carga. La carga repetitiva lenta se considera un factor importante de lesiones de columna y disco, y en este estudio el efecto de la carga de fatiga sobre el desplazamiento interno en el disco intervertebral se investigó mediante la aplicación de la técnica de correlación de imagen digital optimizada. El primer hallazgo fue que la carga de fatiga tuvo un efecto significativo en la distribución del desplazamiento en el disco intervertebral bajo compresión. El AF superficial exhibió los desplazamientos axiales más grandes antes de la carga de fatiga, mientras que exhibió los desplazamientos axiales más pequeños después de la carga de fatiga. El AF interno exhibió desplazamientos radiales ligeramente más pequeños que el AF externo antes de la carga de fatiga, mientras que exhibió desplazamientos radiales significativamente mayores que los desplazamientos AF externos después de la carga de fatiga. El segundo hallazgo fue que la carga de fatiga tenía un cierto efecto sobre la distribución del desplazamiento interno en el disco intervertebral flexionado bajo compresión. El AF medio exhibió los desplazamientos axiales más pequeños antes de la carga de fatiga, mientras que el AF profundo exhibió los desplazamientos axiales más pequeños después de la carga de fatiga. La distribución del desplazamiento radial no cambió antes ni después de la carga de fatiga, ya que el desplazamiento radial en la FA externa fue el más pequeño, mientras que el desplazamiento radial en la FA interna fue el más grande. El tercer hallazgo fue que con el aumento del tiempo de fatiga y la amplitud, el módulo de Young del disco intervertebral aumentó significativamente. Este estudio puede proporcionar la base para la prevención y el tratamiento clínico de la enfermedad del disco intervertebral, y también es importante para la evaluación de la función mecánica del disco intervertebral artificial.

Optimized experimental method for determination of hydroxyproline in lung tissue of mice / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveThere are many methods for the detection of hydroxyproline (HYP), but few of them are suitable for the detection of lung tissue in mice. We intend to establish an accurate and reliable method for measuring HYP levels based on mouse lung tissues to assess the degree of fibrosis development more effectively.MethodsBased on the alkali hydrolysis method, the effects of the concentration of alkali hydrolysate and hydrolysis time on the determination results of HYP level in mice lung tissue were compared; the effects of the changes of experimental conditions on the determination results of HYP standard were compared; and the results of the determination of HYP level in mice lung tissue under dry and wet conditions were compared on the basis of the above experimental results.ResultsThe optimum concentration of alkali hydrolysate is 2 mol/L and the optimum hydrolysis time is 20 min. The optimum pH value of citric acid buffer is 6.0-6.5. The optimum solvent for chloramine T is methanol, the optimum reaction time for chloramine T solution is 15 min, the optimum reaction time for perchloric acid solution is 5 min, and the optimum reaction time for 4-(dimethylamino) benzoyl toluene is 5 min. The optimum condition of aldehyde solution color development is that it is bathed in water at 85 for 3 minutes. Some related reagents are stored in suitable environment after preparation, and the experimental data will not be affected within 7 days. Dry lung tissue of mice can improve the detection level of HYP. The improved experimental protocol was applied to the bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model, and the HYP measurement results were significantly higher than that of the original protocol.ConclusionAn accurate and reliable method for the determination of hydroxyproline in lung tissue of mice was established.

Application of intelligent family doctor model in community prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 / 中华全科医师杂志

The community is the first line of endemic prevention and control. Facing the challenge of epidemic outbreak, Fangzhuang Community Health Service Center applied the intelligent family doctor model to carry out joint community prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. The intelligent family doctor model is a people-centered, information-based approach, which integrates community resources to carry out health education, counseling and public opinion guidance. With this model the community health service center can effectively screen and follow up the key groups to strengthen the joint prevention and control of COVID-19; at the same time it also can manage the chronic disease and the elderly care. This article introduces the intelligent family doctor model, and analyzes its advantages and existing problems, to provide references for community epidemic prevention and control.

Accuracy of 3D printing navigation template in pedicle screw placement for idiopathic scoliosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic scoliosis surgery is difficult and requires a long operation time. Using 3D printing navigation templates to assist in nail placement can reduce the difficulty of surgery, optimize the operation of nail placement, and improve the effect of nail placement, which has significant advantages. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application of 3D printing navigation template assisted screw placement in the pedicle screw internal fixation of idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS: Clinical data of 17 cases of idiopathic scoliosis treated by pedicle screw fixation from January 2018 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, eight patients were treated with 3D printing navigation template assisted screw placement (3D group), while nine patients were treated with conventional screw placement (conventional group). CT scan was used to evaluate the level and acceptability of screw placement after surgery. The time of nail placement, the times of intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy, the amount of nailing bleeding, the level of nail placement, the acceptable rate of nail placement, the rate of secondary nail placement, the rate of main bending correction and the complications related to nail placement were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All the 17 patients successfully completed the operation of nail placement, and there were no complications related to nail placement in blood vessel and nerve injury. One case of back pain and one case of lower extremity pain were found in the conventional group, and the symptoms disappeared after symptomatic treatment. (2) The time of nail placement, the times of intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy and the amount of nailing bleeding in the 3D group were less than those in the conventional group, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). (5) 3D printing navigation template can reduce the difficulty of screw placement and improve the effect of screw placement during pedicle screw internal fixation of idiopathic scoliosis.

Selection of optimized treatment plan of acupuncture for lateral femoral cutaneous neuritis / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To select the optimized treatment plan of acupuncture for lateral femoral cutaneous neuritis by using multiple indexes decision-making method based on the clinical evidence.@*METHODS@#The randomized control trials (RCTs) regarding acupuncture for lateral femoral cutaneous neuritis in the CNKI database, CBM database, WANFANG database, VIP database, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase published before December 31, 2017 were comprehensively collected. The modified Jadad scale was used to evaluate the quality of the RCTs. Then the evaluation indexes were selected and the dimensions of evaluation indexes were standardized by using extreme difference transformation method. The weight of each index was determined by using relative comparison method and the standardized matrix was weighted. Thus, the ideal solution and the negative ideal solution were obtained, and the relatively degree of each treatment plan to the ideal solution was calculated to propose the optimized plan of acupuncture for lateral femoral cutaneous neuritis.@*RESULTS@#A total of 18 RCTs were included, the optimized plan of acupuncture for lateral femoral cutaneous neuritis was using thin fire needle to rapidly prick the abnormal skin region with fast needle insertion-withdrawal technique; the fire needle was applied repeatedly; intensive pricking to form a treatment area; the treatment was given once every 5 days.@*CONCLUSION@#Based on the current clinical evidence, the optimized plan of acupuncture for lateral femoral cutaneous neuritis is using thin fire needle to prick the abnormal skin region; the multiple methods of plum-blossom needling met the characteristic of lateral femoral cutaneous neuritis and is suitable for clinical selection. The main acupoints are points in the abnormal skin area or the acupoints in the foot- meridian and foot- meridian, combined with lumbar Jiaji (EX-B2) points.

Application of three-dimensional SPACE magnetic resonance imaging in accurate measurement of implant volume in breast surgery / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#The study is to assess the accuracy and reliability of three-dimensional simulated magnetic resonance imaging with silicone-excitation SPACE (sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions) sequence for estimating implant volume.@*Methods@#(1) MRI examinations of 10 silicone implants (Wuhan Tongji Hospital from October 2018 to December 2018) were performed with T2, H2O-excitation SPACE sequence (T2-spc-H2O) and silicone-excitation SPACE sequence (T2-spc-Silicone) to find the most accurate method to estimate implant volume by ITK-SNAP. The effect of implant deformation and slice thickness of T2-spc-Silicone on volume measurement were investigated. (2) 13 normal patients and 6 patients with implant complications (Wuhan Tongji Hospital from March 2017 to May 2019) were enrolled for testing the accuracy and reliability of T2-spc-Silicone for volume measurement in vivo. The data were analyzed using Prism 8.0 software. The paired student t-test was used to compare the difference of two groups. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the difference of multiple groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*Results@#The absolute volume differences of T2, T2-spc-H2O, T2-spc-Silicone were (42.19±2.31) ml, (23.27±1.55) ml and (6.28±1.22) ml. The absolute volume differences of T2-spc-Silicone group was significantly less than T2-spc-H2O and T2 group in vitro(F=195.3, P<0.001). No significant difference(F=1.36, P=0.22)was shown between the normality group and the deformation group for estimating the volume of implants with the slice thickness of SPACE increased from 0.5 mm×0.5 mm×0.5 mm to 5.0 mm×5.0 mm×5.0 mm. Besides, the slices thickness of SPACE from 0.5 mm×0.5 mm×0.5 mm to 5.0 mm×5.0 mm×5.0 mm did not significantly affect the accuracy of volume measurement of the implants in deformation state(F=1.22, P=0.29). The measurement error of SPACE was (8.82±0.99) ml in normal patients. Moreover, there was no significant difference between measured volume[(226.4±12.76)ml] and actual volume of implants[(225.9±11.94) ml](t=0.31, P=0.76)in patients with implant complications. The result showed excellent intraobserver reliability (ICC=0.997) and internal consistency ranged from 0.986 to 0.997 (P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#The method to measure implant volume by silicone-excitation SPACE sequence had desirable accuracy and reliability. The deformation of the implant and the slice thickness of the SPACE sequence did not exhibit a significant effect on the accuracy of volume measurement.

Study on optimum scheme of thyroid CT plain scan / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To preliminarily investigate the optimum scheme of thyroid CT flat scanning plan,to reduce the artifacts and the radiation dosage.Methods Patients who were involved in this research with thyroid CT flat scanning were divided into three groups:group A (conventional scan group),group B (dosage- reduced group)and group C (a combination of body posture change and dosage reduction).In group A (50 patients),the patients’bilateral arms were naturally drooped on both sides of the body during scanning (scan parameters:120 kV,250 mA).In group B (50 patients),the patients were scanned under the same circumstance with group A,but difference in scanning condition (scan parameters:100 kV,280 mA).In group C (50 patients),the patients kept one arm rise upward,another arm reach firmly toward the contralateral iliac bone during CT scan(scan parameters:100 kV,250 mA).CT attenuations,noise and SNR values around the soft tissue of thyroid gland,which was in the most severe thyroid artifacts (seventh cervical vertebrae to the first thoracic vertebrae level),were measured among the three groups.Meanwhile,the patient’s dose length product (DLP)and effective dosage (ED)were calculated.The images of the three groups were measured by double-blind method,i.e. severe artifacts,moderate artifacts,mild artifacts,and no artifacts.Results The image quality in group C was significantly higher than that of group A and group B (P＜0.05).There was no difference in subj ective quality between group A and group B (P＞0.05).The CT and noise values of group C were better than those of group A and group B (P＜0.05),while the radiation dosage was lower than that of group A and group B (P＜0.05).Conclusion When the thyroid CT scan is performed with the unilateral limb lifting and the other arm extending to the contralateral iliac bone,the thyroid band artifacts can be effectively reduced and decreasing the kV can reduce the radiation dosage.

Optimal Kiloelectron Volt for Noise-Optimized Virtual Monoenergetic Images of Dual-Energy Pediatric Abdominopelvic Computed Tomography: Preliminary Results

OBJECTIVE: To compare quantitative and qualitative image quality parameters in pediatric abdominopelvic dual-energy CT (DECT) using noise-optimized virtual monoenergetic image (VMI) and conventional VMI at different kiloelectron volt (keV) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six consecutive abdominopelvic DECT scans were retrospectively included. Noise-optimized VMI and conventional VMI were reconstructed at seven energy levels, from 40 keV to 100 keV at 10 keV intervals. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the liver, pancreas, and aorta were objectively measured and compared. Image quality was evaluated subjectively regarding image noise, image blurring of solid organ, bowel image quality and severity of beam-hardening artifacts. Optimal monoenergetic levels in keV for both algorithms were determined based on overall image quality score. RESULTS: The maximal CNR and SNR values for all investigated organs were observed at 40 keV in noise-optimized VMI (CNR and SNR of liver, pancreas, aorta in order [CNR; 20.93, 17.34, 46.75: SNR; 37.39, 33.80, 63.21]), at 60–70 keV and at 70 keV in conventional VMI (CNR; 8.12, 5.67, 15.97: SNR; 19.57, 16.66, 26.65). In qualitative image analysis, noise-optimized VMI and conventional VMI showed the best overall image quality scores at 60 keV and at 70 keV, respectively. Noise-optimized VMI at 60 keV showed superior CNRs, SNRs, and overall image quality scores compared to conventional VMI at 70 keV (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Optimal energy levels for noise-optimized VMI and conventional VMI were 60 keV and at 70 keV, respectively. Noise-optimized VMI shows superior CNRs, SNRs and subjective image quality over conventional VMI, at the optimal energy level.

Comparative analysis of visual outcomes and ocular aberrations following wavefront optimized and topography-guided customized femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia and myopic astigmatism: A contralateral eye study

Purpose: To compare the visual outcomes and higher order aberrations (HOAs) following wavefront optimized (WFO) laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) versus topography-guided customized ablation (TCAT) LASIK for myopia and myopic astigmatism. Methods: Patients who underwent femtosecond-assisted LASIK for myopic correction between August 2016 and October 2017 were included in this interventional prospective case series. The following parameters were evaluated preoperatively and at 3 months' postoperative visit: uncorrected distance vision acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance vision acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, and HOAs. Results: Two hundred eyes of 100 patients were included in the study. At 3 months' postoperative visit, 92% and 90% eyes in the TCAT and WFO groups, respectively, demonstrated a UDVA of 20/20 or better (P = 0.90). A residual manifest spherical equivalent within 0.5 D was achieved in 100% and 95% of the eyes in the TCAT and WFO groups, respectively (P = 0.10). No significant difference was observed in the HOAs induced in both the groups, with slightly lower induction of trefoil and horizontal coma in the TCAT group. Conclusion: Both groups demonstrated similar refractive efficacy and predictability, with greater gain of CDVA following TCAT ablation. HOAs induced were not significantly different between the two groups. Further studies are needed to validate the superiority of one procedure over the other.

Improvement the training effectiveness with optimized mode for the hemodynamics short-term training course / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the influence of optimized mode for the hemodynamics short -term training course on the training effectiveness.Methods From 2016 to 2017,an optimized training mode was used in the hemodynam-ics 2-day training course in Peking Union Medical College Hospital,and the training effectiveness was evaluated.The optimized training mode included optimized course structure,opened-on-line answer questions,pre-training and post-training examination.Results A total of 808 clinical doctors participated in the hemodynamic training courses,and 627 participators finished both pre-training and post-training examinations.The percent of the pass of the examination was 44% at the baseline, and the percent of the pass of the examination was 88.2% after the training course.The post-training score was significantly higher than the pre-training score in the subgroup of 627 participators(pair-t-test, pre-training score 55.7±19.3 vs.post-training score 73.7±10.5,difference 18±21,P<0.001).Moreover,there was no relationship between pre-training score and post-training score.Conclusions The optimized mode of the hemody-namics short-term training course can improve the short-term training effectiveness.However,further studies are nee-ded to improve the application of hemodynamics in the clinical practice.

Primary result of early parotid gland carcinomas with optimized target design brachytherapy / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To analyze the feasibility of local target in early parotid carcinoma brachytherapy.Methods The retrospective study collected 14 early parotid gland carcinoma patients during November 2004 and February 2013 at Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology.All of them proceeded conservative surgery and 125I interstitial brachytherapy postoperatively.According to the different target designs,the patients were divided into two groups as local target group and whole target group.The disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate were analyzed.The target volume,the number of 125I seeds and dose of crisis organs such as mandibular ramus,pharynx constrictor,cervical spinal cord,external auditory canal,middle ear,mastoid in the affected side were compared between two groups.Results After 51-116 months of follow-up,disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate in both groups were 100％.The mean D90 of CTV in local target group was(90.3 ±20.4)Gy,and (104.3 ± 10.1)Gy in whole target group.There was no statistical difference between two groups(P ＞ 0.05),while there were statistical differences in target volume (t =5.003,P ＜ 0.05),which were (9.2 ± 2.4) and (35.1 ± 13.5)cm3 respectively.Mean dose of organs at risk between two groups including mandibular ramus,pharynx constrictor,external auditory canal,middle ear,mastoid and maximal dose of cervical spinal cord in the affected side also had significant differences(t =3.534,4.279,3.034,3.471,7.221,6.103,P ＜0.05).Local target group had less target volume and less dose in organs at risk.Conclusions The conservative surgery combined with local target brachytherapy is feasible for the early low grade parotid gland carcinomas,with acceptable survival rate and less risk in organs at risk.

Application value of optimized nursing service in outpatient and emergency transfusion room / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To explore the application value of optimized nursing service in transfusion room of outpatient and emergency department. Methods The clinical data of 1 200 patients who were treated in the emergency transfusion room of the Water Mine Holding Group General Hospital of Liupanshui in Guizhou Province from January 2011 to October 2017 were analyzed retrospectively, of the 1200 patients, 600 were treated with conventional basic nursing in the control group, while another 600 were given the optimal nursing service in the observation group. The differences in nursing satisfaction rate and incidence of nurse-patient conflict between the two groups were compared. Results The total satisfaction rate of the patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group [97.83% (587/600) vs. 88.67% (532/600), P ＜ 0.05]; the incidence of nurse-patient conflict in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group [8.6% (48/600) vs. 27.2% (163/600), P ＜ 0.05]. Conclusion The optimized nursing service has high application value in the outpatient and emergency transfusion room, which is conducive to elevating the quality of nursing service and improving the relationship between nurses and patients.

Reflection on Optimizing the Internal Application Environment of Management Accounting in Public Hospitals / 中国卫生经济

As a direction of accounting development in the new period,management accounting could play an important role in public hospital management.At present,the public hospital had not yet established a perfect organizational structure and management model of management accounting,which lacked human resources management in the management accounting.The information construction lacked united planning resulted that management accounting was not effectively introduced into the links of hospital planning,strategy,control and evaluation.Through summarizing hospital value innovation mode,it promoted the integration of business and finance,established depended management accounting department,optimized the internal application environment of management accounting in public hospitals,promoted the management accounting construction of public hospitals,guarantee the value preservation of national assets and promoted the public welfare.