ABSTRACT
LASER é um acrônimo que sumariza a amplificação da luz por emissão estimulada de radiação (eletromagnética). O Programa Saúde em Ação equipou diversas Unidades Básicas de Saúde com aparelhos de laser diodo. Cirurgiões Dentistas têm aplicado a laserterapia de baixa potência para acelerar a remissão de várias condições clínicas, sem necessidade de encaminhamento imediato para Atenção Secundária. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar protocolos de laserterapia de baixa potência empregados por Cirurgiões Dentistas da Atenção Primária à Saúde de Campinas-SP, por meio da ilustração com casos clínicos atendidos em consultas de urgência. Aplicações para ulceração traumática e desordem temporomandibular foram realizadas em uma senhora de 60 anos de idade, que aguardava a substituição das próteses totais. Irradiou-se por laser vermelho (660nm) com energia de 1J as margens da ulceração. Após palpação da articulação e dos músculos mastigatórios para mapeamento, os pontos álgicos foram irradiados por laser infravermelho (808nm) com energia de 4J. Um homem de 50 anos de idade queixava-se de paralisia hemifacial havia 10 dias. A tentativa de recuperação do nervo facial ocorreu com irradiação por laser infravermelho com energia de 8J por ponto, em 22 pontos dos ramos do nervo facial. Em ambos os casos, a regressão do quadro clínico desconfortável foi observada. Os Profissionais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) que são aptos ao uso dos equipamentos para laserterapia de baixa potência podem utilizar este recurso de modo seguro e bem sucedido, observando comprimento de onda do laser e doses protocolares para cada alteração a ser tratada.
LASER is an acronym which means light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (electromagnetic). Many Primary Health Care Units received diode laser devices from the Brazilian Health in Action Program. Dental practitioners have applied low-level laser therapy for accelerating the resolution of several clinical problems, without the need to prompt referral for Secondary Attention. This manuscript aimed at presenting low-level laser therapy protocols, used by Dentists in Primary Health Care Units from Campinas-SP, illustrated with case reports of urgency consultations. Applications for traumatic ulcers and temporomandibular disorder were performed in a 60-year-old woman who was waiting for dental prosthesis replacement. Red laser irradiation (660nm) with 1J energy was delivered at the margins of the ulcer. Upon articular and masticatory muscles palpation for mapping, trigger points were irradiated with infrared laser (808nm), 4J energy. A 50-year-old man complained of hemifacial paresis for 10 days. The recovery attempt of the facial nerve was carried out by infrared laser irradiation with 8J energy per point in 22 points of the facial nerve branches. In both case reports, regression of the uncomfortable clinical problem was noted. Professionals from the Unified Health System (SUS) who are able to use a low-level laser device may safe and successfully operate this equipment, selecting the appropriate laser wavelength and protocol doses for managing each clinical problem.
ABSTRACT
Las maloclusiones dentarias pueden afectar la forma, función y estética del sistema estomatognático, que, por su alta prevalencia a nivel mundial, son consideradas un problema de Salud Pública. Rapa Nui es un territorio insular del cual no se tienen datos respecto de la prevalencia de maloclusiones en su población. El objetivo de este estudio fue levantar datos epidemiológicos de maloclusiones dentarias en la población escolar de Rapa Nui y así contribuir a la elaboración de políticas públicas preventivas y terapéuticas. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal para determinar la prevalencia y tipo de maloclusiones dentarias presentes en la población escolar de Rapa Nui. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron: encuesta sociodemográfica, clínica odontológica y obtención de modelos de yeso para determinar alteraciones de la oclusión en los 3 planos del espacio. La población en estudio comprendió a 121 niños (54 mujeres y 67 hombres) entre 5 y 17 años. Se evidenció un alto porcentaje de maloclusiones Clase II en la población estudiada. Destacan altos porcentajes de relación canina y molar clase II de Angle (52 % y 46,3 %, respectivamente), resalte aumentado (25,6 %) y mordida cruzada o vis a vis (36 %). Por lo señalado, se considera relevante sugerir la implementación de programas preven- tivos para mejorar la salud bucal de esta población.
Dental malocclusions can affect the form, function and esthetics of the stomatognathic system, which, due to their high prevalence worldwide, are considered a Public Health problem. Rapa Nui is an island territory for which there is no data on the prevalence of malocclusions in its population. The objective of this study was to collect epidemiological data on dental malocclusions in the school population of Rapa Nui and thus contribute to the elaboration of preventive and therapeutic public policies. A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out to determine the prevalence and type of dental malocclusions present in the school population of Rapa Nui. The instruments applied were: Sociodemographic survey, dental clinic and obtaining plaster models to determine alterations of the occlusion in the 3 planes of space. The study population consisted of 121 children (54 females and 67 males) between 5 and 17 years of age. A high percentage of Class II malocclusions were evidenced. In the population studied anomalies were evidenced, among which the most important were class II canine and molar relation (according to Angle, 52 % and 46.3 % respectively), increased protrusion (25.6 %) and cross bite or vis a vis (36 %). Therefore, it is considered relevant to suggest the implementation of preventive programs to improve oral health of this population.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o trabalho dos profissionais das equipes de saúde bucal da rede pública na pandemia da covid-19 do ponto de vista dos gestores. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo-qualitativo, com 163 gestores municipais de saúde da Bahia, que responderam a um questionário virtual, de junho a outubro de 2020. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados quantitativos utilizando o Statistical Package for the Social Science, e Análise Temática das respostas subjetivas, com auxílio do IRaMuTeQ. Um escopo de atuação das equipes de saúde bucal, que atuam em todos os níveis de atenção à saúde, foi reconhecido como mais abrangente que o tradicional nesse período. A pandemia deu ênfase às fragilidades crônicas nas condições de trabalho dos cirurgiões-dentistas, técnicos e auxiliares de saúde bucal da rede pública, como a insuficiência de instrumentais odontológicos e de insumos, a precária manutenção dos equipamentos odontológicos, a fragilidade dos vínculos empregatícios e a estrutura física inadequada nas unidades de saúde, comprometendo a biossegurança. Assim, abre-se uma oportunidade para identificar e implementar mudanças necessárias não apenas no contexto de crise sanitária, mas também no período pós-pandemia.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the work of professionals from oral health teams in the public service, in the COVID-19 pandemic, from the point of view of managers. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative-qualitative study, with 163 municipal health managers in Bahia, who answered a virtual questionnaire, from June to October 2020. The descriptive analysis of the quantitative data was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science, and Thematic Analysis was applied to the subjective responses, using IRaMuTeQ. The scope of action of oral health teams, which operate at all levels of health care, was recognized as broader than the traditional in this period. The pandemic emphasized the chronic problems in the working conditions of dentists, technicians, and oral health assistants in the public service, such as the lack of dental instruments and supplies, the precarious maintenance of dental equipment, the fragility of employment relationships, and the inadequate physical structure in the health units, compromising biosecurity. Thus, there is an opportunity to identify and implement necessary changes not only in the context of a health crisis, but in the post-pandemic period.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia del programa de salud bucal para los cuidadores de las personas con discapacidad. Métodos: Estudio cuasi experimental de intervención directa, longitudinal, con control antes y después, con un muestreo no probabilístico. Se diseñó, aplicó y evaluó un programa educativo de salud bucal a los cuidadores de personas con discapacidad, mediante una encuesta diseñada al efecto, antes y después de su implementación, en 111 cuidadores, así como la evaluación del Índice de Higiene Bucal de sus familiares con discapacidad, en el periodo de octubre a diciembre de 2020. La información fue procesada utilizando las herramientas de Excel y el programa SPSS versión 25. Los datos numéricos fueron resumidos en tablas descriptivas y los datos categóricos en tablas de frecuencia. Resultados: Antes de la intervención 9,9 % de las personas con discapacidad asistían cada seis meses al dentista, lo cual se incrementó a 76,5 %. Antes del programa 102 personas solo usaban cepillos y pasta dentales para la limpieza bucal, después 109 continuaron usando los mismos productos, sin embargo, se incrementó en un 6 % el uso del hilo dental. El Índice de Higiene bucal se mantuvo como regular, aunque disminuyó de 2.30 a 1.68. Conclusiones: La aplicación del programa cambió positivamente la situación de la salud bucal de los discapacitados ya que los cuidadores demostraron la adquisición de los nuevos conocimientos para una adecuada higiene de la cavidad bucal, la constancia en la aplicación del proceso y la necesidad de asistir a la atención odontológica por hábito y no por necesidad puntual.
Objective: Determine the level of knowledge of caregivers of people with disabilities about oral health before and after applying a program of educational workshops on the subject. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study of direct intervention, longitudinal, with control before and after, with non-probabilistic sampling. An educational oral health program for caregivers of people with disabilities was developed, applied, and evaluated through a survey before and after its implementation, in 111 caregivers, as well as the evaluation of the Oral Hygiene Index of their relatives with disabilities, in the period from October to December 2020. Results: Before the intervention, 9.9% of people with disabilities attended the dentist every six months, which increased to 76.5%. Before the program, 102 people only used toothbrushes and toothpaste for oral cleaning, after 109 continued using the same products, however, the use of dental floss increased by 7 people. The Oral Hygiene Index remained regular, although it decreased from 2.30 to 1.68. Conclusion: The application of the oral health program had a favorable impact on caregivers, improving the knowledge regarding oral hygiene of their relatives with disabilities, improving the Oral Hygiene Index.
ABSTRACT
O cigarro eletrônico (CE) surgiu como uma alternativa ao uso do cigarro convencional (CC) atuando como um meio de combate ao tabagismo. Apesar de ser considerado menos prejudicial à saúde do que o cigarro convencional, por muitos autores, seu uso não é isento de riscos. O presente estudo visa discutir e elucidar os impactos do uso de cigarros eletrônicos na saúde oral de pacientes adultos jovens. Esta revisão de literatura foi elaborada através da seleção de artigos científicos nos idiomas português e inglês, que abordam os temas de cigarro eletrônico e saúde oral. Utilizaram-se os bancos de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed e Google acadêmico, a busca foi baseada nos seguintes descritores de saúde: cigarro eletrônico, vaping e saúde bucal, e os respectivos em inglês, com limite temporal de 2019 a 2023. Diversas pesquisas relatam os efeitos dos cigarros eletrônicos na saúde bucal, como a xerostomia, halitose, cárie dental, perda e avulsão de elementos dentários, doença periodontal e diversas patologias orais. Além disso, os componentes químicos presentes nos líquidos dos cigarros eletrônicos também podem afetar a saúde bucal, podendo levar a danos no esmalte dentário e riscos desconhecidos as células e tecidos da cavidade oral. Logo, é necessário abordar o impacto que os cigarros eletrônicos causam e seus riscos à saúde bucal, além dos riscos já conhecidos para saúde geral dos usuários. Os profissionais de saúde devem estar atentos a essa questão e incluir informações sobre o uso de cigarros eletrônicos em suas avaliações e orientações aos pacientes.
The electronic cigarette (EC) emerged as an alternative to conventional cigarette (CC) use, acting as a means to combat smoking. Despite being considered less harmful to health than conventional cigarettes by many authors, its use is not without risks. The present study aims to discuss and elucidate the impacts of electronic cigarette use on the oral health of young adult patients. This literature review was conducted through the selection of scientific articles in Portuguese and English languages, addressing the topics of electronic cigarettes and oral health. The databases used included the Virtual Health Library (BVS), PubMed, and Google Scholar. The search was based on the following health descriptors: electronic cigarette, vaping, and oral health, and their English equivalents, with a time limit from 2019 to 2023. Several studies report the effects of electronic cigarettes on oral health, such as xerostomia, halitosis, dental caries, tooth loss and avulsion, periodontal disease, and various oral pathologies. Furthermore, the chemical components present in electronic cigarette liquids can also impact oral health, potentially leading to dental enamel damage and unknown risks to oral cavity cells and tissues. Therefore, it is necessary to address the impact and risks of electronic cigarettes on oral health, in addition to the known risks to users' overall health. Health professionals should be attentive to this issue and include information about electronic cigarette use in their assessments and patient guidance.
Subject(s)
Oral Health , Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems , Vaping , Mouth DiseasesABSTRACT
Introduction: Literature shows that individuals with disabilities, including hearing impairment, often suffer from untreated dental caries, poor oral hygiene, and compromised periodontal health, leading to adverse effects on oral health. Objetive: This study aims to analyze current evidence concerning dental care strategies for controlling, managing, and preventing biofilm accumulation in patients with hearing impairment. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO and PubMed between April and May 2022 to identify articles establishing a relationship between periodontal disease and hearing disability. Full-text articles published in English or Spanish between 2012 and 2022 were included. Results: Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. These included cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, clinical trials, case reports, and case-control studies. Most studies reported fair to poor oral health status among individuals. Nine different interventions or management approaches for treating periodontal disease in patients with hearing impairment were identified. Conclusions: The current global evidence on the association between periodontal disease and hearing impairment is very limited. Dentists may need to employ various strategies to address communication barriers, as outlined in this study.
Introducción: Según la literatura, las personas en situación de discapacidad presentan caries dentales no tratadas, higiene bucal y estado periodontal deficiente, lo cual puede resultar en efectos negativos para su salud bucal. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia existente con relación a la atención odontológica enfocada en el control, manejo y prevención de acumulación de biofilm en pacientes con deficiencia auditiva. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos y motor de búsqueda (Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO y PubMed) entre abril y mayo 2022, de acuerdo con la evidencia existente que relacione la enfermedad periodontal y la discapacidad auditiva en la atención odontológica. Se incluyeron artículos de texto completo en idioma inglés o español, con fecha de publicación entre 2012 a 2022. Resultado: Se seleccionó un total de 17 artículos para su análisis. Se encontró estudios transversales, estudios de cohorte, ensayos clínicos, reporte de caso y estudios de casos y controles. La salud oral fue catalogada en estado regular y deficiente en la mayoría de los estudios. Se encontró 9 tipos de intervenciones o manejos para el tratamiento de la enfermedad periodontal en pacientes con hipoacusia. Conclusión: La evidencia existente respecto a la enfermedad periodontal y la deficiencia auditiva es insuficiente a nivel global. Debido a lo anterior, el odontólogo puede abordar los obstáculos comunicativos de diferentes maneras de acuerdo a los métodos descritos en esta publicación.
Subject(s)
Humans , Periodontal Diseases/etiology , Dental Caries/etiology , Hearing Loss/complicationsABSTRACT
Los desafíos del envejecimiento de la población y la acumulación de daño oral nos obligan a desarrollar herramientas diagnosticas validas y confiables que nos permitan caracterizar a la población, evaluar sus necesidades terapéuticas, planificar intervenciones significativas y realizar seguimiento de su condición. Con este propósito realizamos una revisión sistemática de la literatura relevante para establecer una metódica secuencial para la validación de la herramienta diagnostica Examen Dental Preventivo del Adulto Mayor. Seleccionamos 48 artículos relevantes, cuya heterogeneidad impidió la realización de un metaanálisis. Sin embargo, los artículos seleccionados fueron sometidos a una síntesis cuantitativa analítica, que nos permitió identificar los dominios y estrategias relevantes para la validación y proponer un protocolo de cinco fases secuenciales que presentamos en extenso en el presente artículo.
The challenges of population aging and the accumulation of oral damage force us to develop valid and reliable diagnostic tools to characterize the population, evaluate their therapeutic needs, plan significant interventions, and monitor their condition post treatment. We carried out a systematic review of the relevant literature to establish a sequential method for the validation of the Preventive Dental Examination of the Elderly diagnostic tool. We selected 48 relevant articles, whose heterogeneity prevented us from performing a meta-analysis. However, the selected articles were subjected to an analytical quantitative synthesis, which allowed us to identify the relevant domains and strategies for validation and then propose a protocol of five sequential phases that we present in detail in this article.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: La caries es una de las enfermedades crónicas que más afecta a la humanidad, los niños son un grupo de alto riesgo de presentarla. La Calidad de Vida Relacionada con Salud Oral (CVRSO) se refiere a la percepción de las condiciones bucales de uno mismo y la manera en que los factores afectados impactan el bienestar y desempeño en las actividades diarias, el desarrollo de indicadores de esta se ve limitado por el nivel cognitivo de los niños, lo que genera el P-CPQ para determinar la percepción parental. Objetivo: determinar la percepción parental de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal de los niños de 6 a 10 años. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo con componente analítico. Se llevó a cabo una encuesta a 98 padres, el P-CPQ modificado que consta de 23 preguntas que abarcan las subescalas de síntomas orales, limitaciones funcionales, bienestar emocional y bienestar social. Resultados: Relacionando los resultados del cuestionario con la presencia de caries en dientes permanentes se reportó el aumento de caries con la edad; el sexo femenino predominó entre los participantes con caries siendo el 63,8%. La puntuación media fue de 13,6 (DE=13,1). Se presentó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la percepción parental de CVRSO de los niños y la presencia de caries dental en dientes permanentes (p=0,004). Conclusiones: Se concluyó que la presencia de caries en dientes permanentes en niños de 6 a 10 años puede disminuir significativamente la CVRSO en las dimensiones de síntomas orales, limitaciones funcionales y bienestar social.
Introduction: Caries is one of the chronic diseases that most affects humanity; children are a high-risk group for developing it. Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQL) refers to the perception of one's own oral conditions and the way in which the affected factors impact well-being and performance in daily activities. The development of indicators of this is limited by the cognitive level of the children, which led to the P-CPQ to determine parental perception. Objective: to determine the parental perception of the quality of life related to the oral health of children from 6 to 10 years old. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and observational study with an analytical component. A survey of 98 parents was conducted, using the modified P-CPQ which consists of 23 questions covering the subscales of oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being, and social well-being. Results: Relating the results of the questionnaire with the presence of cavities in permanent teeth, an increase in cavities with age was reported; the female sex predominated among the participants with cavities, being 63.8%. The mean score was 13.6 (SD=13.1). There was a statistically significant association between parental perception of children's OHRQL and the presence of dental caries in permanent teeth (p=0.004). Conclusions: The presence of caries in permanent teeth in children aged 6 to 10 years can significantly reduce OHRQLin the dimensions of oral symptoms, functional limitations and social well-being.
ABSTRACT
Abstract People with cognitive disabilities face multiple challenges concerning oral health and frequently show oral tissue decay because of the barriers society imposes upon them, and due to financial issues, professional and family lack of knowledge, limitations regarding access to services, lack of empowering-driven actions, among others. Positive knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding oral health, developed during the course of a lifetime, help in preserving good health. The aim of the current study is to describe oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices in people with cognitive disabilities participating in the Institutional Program for the Inclusion of People with Cognitive Disabilities in Higher Education at the University of Costa Rica (PROIN, in Spanish), during 2021. A descriptive study with mixed focus was performed; a representative sample comprised of 86 students enrolled in PROIN was used for the quantitative approach, while the qualitative approach used a criteria sample along with an opinion sample, limiting size due to information overload. The survey, along with its corresponding questionnaire and the semi-structured interview, were used as data gathering techniques. It was evidenced that certain issues need to be readdressed, such as bleeding gums, the importance of preserving dental pieces, as well, the practice of flossing, which many students expressed difficulties doing. Good attitudes were found, such as dentist visits; however, access barriers for this population must be overthrown. This article showed the importance of training professionals in disabilities as well as developing oral health promotion programs aimed at people with cognitive disabilities.
Resumen La población con discapacidad cognitiva enfrenta múltiples retos en cuanto a la salud oral, presentado comúnmente un deterioro de los tejidos orales; esto como consecuencia a las barreras impuestas por la sociedad, factores económicos, desconocimiento de los profesionales y familiares, limitaciones en el acceso a la atención, falta de acciones para fomentar su autonomía, entre otras. Los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas favorables en salud oral ayudan a conservar una buena salud, los cuales se desarrollan a lo largo de la vida. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de salud oral en las personas con discapacidad cognitiva que participaron en el Programa Institucional de Inclusión de Personas con Discapacidad Cognitiva a la Educación Superior de la Universidad de Costa Rica (PROIN) durante el año 2021. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con un enfoque mixto, para el enfoque cuantitativo se utilizó una muestra representativa de 86 estudiantes matriculados en PROIN y para la parte cualitativa se utilizó una muestra por criterio con un muestreo opinático, estableciendo el tamaño por saturación de la información. Se utilizaron como técnicas de recolección de datos la encuesta con su respectivo cuestionario y la entrevista semiestructurada. Se evidenció que existen temas que se deben reforzar, como lo es el sangrado de encías, la importancia de conservar las piezas dentales, así como la práctica de uso de hilo dental, donde la mayoría de los estudiantes expresaron tener dificultades para su utilización. Además, se encontró buenas actitudes con respecto a la visita al odontólogo, sin embargo, se debe derribar barreras de acceso que se presentan para esta población. Este estudio demostró la necesidad de capacitar a los profesionales en el tema de discapacidad y desarrollar programas de promoción de la salud oral específicos para personas con discapacidad cognitiva.
Subject(s)
Humans , Oral Health , Dental Care , Cognitive Dysfunction , Dental Health Surveys , Costa RicaABSTRACT
Abstract People's knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to health are built throughout life, particularly during childhood and adolescence, and they reflect the practices of their family and social circle. The aim of this study was to identify the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to oral health of first-year university students at the Paraíso Campus of the University of Costa Rica. This was done through a questionnaire of closed questions that would allow oral health educational strategies to be established in the future for this population group. For this purpose, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, where 70 first-year students of the Paraíso Campus participated in the first semester of the year 2019. For data collection, a survey of 22 closed questions on knowledge, attitudes, and practices about oral health was applied, and a score on oral health knowledge was subsequently performed, based on the answers to the questions. According to the results, the level of knowledge shown about oral health is low, since the average knowledge score (7.02 points) was less than half of the maximum score (17 points). The greatest deficiency in knowledge was evidenced in topics, such as, dental biofilm, gingivitis, use of fluorides, and the role of saliva. In addition, several practices that affect the condition of the oral cavity were identified, such as harmful habits, inadequate nutrition, and poor oral hygiene habits. In this study, a general lack of knowledge was identified regarding basic concepts of oral health in young university students, who are not clear about the role of some protective or risk factors related to the main oral diseases.
Resumen Los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas relacionados a la salud en las personas se construyen a través de la vida, particularmente durante la infancia y la adolescencia y reflejan las prácticas de su círculo familiar y social. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los niveles de conocimiento, las actitudes y las prácticas relacionadas a la salud bucodental en estudiantes universitarios de primer ingreso en el Recinto de Paraíso de la Universidad de Costa Rica, mediante un cuestionario de preguntas cerradas que permitirá a futuro establecer estrategias educativas en salud bucal para este grupo de población. Se trató de un estudio descriptivo transversal de tipo observacional en 70 estudiantes de primer ingreso del Recinto de Paraíso en el I semestre del año 2019. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó una encuesta de 22 preguntas cerradas sobre los conocimientos, las actitudes y las prácticas sobre la salud oral. A partir de las preguntas sobre conocimiento en salud bucal se creó un puntaje de conocimiento. Se pudo evidenciar que el nivel de conocimiento sobre la salud bucal es bajo, ya que el promedio del puntaje de conocimiento (7,02 puntos) es menos de la mitad del puntaje máximo (17 puntos). La mayor deficiencia en el conocimiento se evidenció en temas como el biofilm dental, gingivitis, uso de fluoruros y el rol de la saliva. Además, se identificaron varias prácticas que afectan la condición de la cavidad bucal, como los hábitos nocivos, una alimentación inadecuada y hábitos de higiene oral deficiente. En este estudio se identificó en general una falta de conocimiento respecto a conceptos básicos de salud bucal en personas jóvenes universitarias, quienes no tienen claro la función de algunos factores protectores o de riesgo relacionados con las principales enfermedades bucales.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Students , Dental Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Oral Health , Costa RicaABSTRACT
Introducción: la disfagia es la alteración en los mecanismos de la deglución que coexiste con múltiples enfermedades y condiciones. El conocimiento amplio de esta alteración generará mejores diagnósticos y tratamientos para el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Aunque esta alteración podría ser del dominio común por especialistas en el área de la salud, principalmente la oral, no existe información reciente del nivel de conocimiento sobre la disfagia en el personal odontológico. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la disfagia en un grupo de profesionales de la salud oral de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. Material y método: se realizó un estudio trasversal descriptivo en un grupo de 241 odontólogos (pasantes de servicio social, odontólogos generales, periodoncistas, endodoncistas, rehabilitadores, odontopediatras y ortodoncistas) a través de una encuesta, los reactivos utilizados fueron sobre conocimiento de la disfagia, métodos de diagnóstico, signos y síntomas, tratamiento y complicaciones. Resultados: la mitad de la población encuestada refirió conocer los trastornos de la deglución (64.7%). Contrastantemente, al utilizar el término «disfagia¼, la postura del conocimiento disminuyó considerablemente (40.7%). Finalmente, los valores más bajos de la encuesta se mostraron en la falta de conocimiento sobre identificación de signos y síntomas de la disfagia (36.1%), métodos de diagnóstico (20.7%), tratamientos (18.7%) y complicaciones (23.2%). Conclusión: existe un bajo conocimiento de los trastornos de la deglución autopercibido por los profesionales de la odontología, lo que sugiere la búsqueda de los factores que ocasionan la falta del conocimiento de los profesionales del área odontológica (AU)
Introduction: dysphagia is the alteration in swallowing mechanisms that coexists with multiple diseases and conditions. The broad knowledge of this alteration will generate better diagnoses and treatments for the improvement of the quality of life of these patients. Although this alteration could be common domain by specialists in the area of health, mainly oral, there is no recent information on the level of knowledge about dysphagia in dental personnel. Objective: to determine the level of knowledge about dysphagia in a group of oral health professionals from Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. Material and methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a group of 241 dentists (social service intern, general dentists, periodontists, endodontists, rehabilitators, pediatric dentists and orthodontists) through a survey, the reagents used were on knowledge of dysphagia, diagnostic methods, signs and symptoms, treatment and complications. Results: half of the surveyed population reported knowing swallowing disorders (64.7%). In contrast, when using the term «dysphagia¼ the posture of knowledge decreased considerably (40.7%). Finally, the lowest values in the survey were found in the lack of knowledge about identification of signs and symptoms of dysphagia (36.1%), diagnostic methods (20.7%), treatments (18.7%) and complications (23.2%). Conclusion: there is a low knowledge of self-perceived swallowing disorders by dentists, which suggests the search for the factors that cause the lack of knowledge of dental professionals (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Deglutition Disorders/therapy , Dentists/education , Signs and Symptoms , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mexico/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Frequentemente, subestima-se a importância da manutenção da saúde bucal, negligenciando o fato de que infecções orais não se restringem à cavidade oral. O impacto das infecções orais, como cáries, doenças periodontais e outras patologias bucais não deve ser minimizado. Tais condições têm o potencial de desencadear complicações sistêmicas significativas, incluindo endocardite, pneumonia e até mesmo acidente vascular encefálico. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a condição de saúde bucal de pacientes hospitalizados em um hospital público brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, que utilizou a análise de prontuários médicos de pacientes admitidos em uma instituição hospitalar pública brasileira e atendidos pelo serviço de odontologia da instituição. As afecções orais mais diagnosticadas, em ordem de frequência, foram: cárie dentária (40%), gengivite (23,7%), queilite angular (22,5%), doença periodontal (18,7%), candidose oral (7,5%), úlceras traumáticas (6,2%), lesão potencialmente maligna (2,5%) e herpes labial (2,5%). O estado de saúde e higiene bucal dos pacientes foi considerado precário. Parte significativa dos pacientes apresentou afecções bucais com potencial risco de complicações à saúde durante a internação e necessidade de tratamento odontológico invasivo e/ou de urgência. A saúde bucal no ambiente hospitalar tem um papel muito importante para a efetivação da saúde integral dos pacientes internados.
Oral health maintenance is often underestimated, neglecting the fact that oral infections are not confined to the oral cavity. The impact of oral infections such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, and other oral pathologies should not be minimized. These conditions can trigger significant systemic complications, including endocarditis, pneumonia, and even stroke. Hence, this study describes the oral health condition of patients hospitalized in a Brazilian public hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional, exploratory and retrospective study was conducted by analyzing medical records of patients admitted to a Brazilian public hospital, and attended by the institution's dentistry service. The most diagnosed oral conditions, in order of frequency, were dental caries (40%), gingivitis (23.7%), angular cheilitis (22.5%), periodontal disease (18.7%), oral candidiasis (7.5%), traumatic ulcers (6.2%), potentially malignant lesion (2.5%), and labial herpes (2.5%). The patients' oral health and hygiene were considered precarious. A significant number of patients presented oral conditions with potential for health complications during hospitalization and a need for invasive and/or urgent dental treatment. Oral health in a hospital setting plays a crucial role in achieving comprehensive care for hospitalized patients.
Se subestima con frecuencia la importancia de mantener la salud bucal, pasando por alto el hecho de que las infecciones orales no se limitan a la cavidad oral. El impacto de las infecciones orales, como caries, enfermedades periodontales y otras patologías bucales, no debe minimizarse. Estas condiciones tienen el potencial de desencadenar complicaciones sistémicas significativas, como endocarditis, neumonía e incluso accidente cerebrovascular. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la condición de salud bucal de pacientes hospitalizados en un hospital público brasileño. Se trata de un estudio transversal, mediante el análisis de historias clínicas de pacientes ingresados en una institución hospitalaria pública brasileña, atendidos por el servicio de odontología de la institución. Las afecciones orales más diagnosticadas, en orden de frecuencia, fueron: caries dental (40%), gingivitis (23,7%), queilitis angular (22,5%), enfermedad periodontal (18,7%), candidiasis oral (7,5%), úlceras traumáticas (6,2%), lesiones potencialmente malignas (2,5%) y herpes labial (2,5%). Se consideró que el estado de salud e higiene bucal de los pacientes era precario. Una parte significativa de los pacientes presentó afecciones bucales con potencial riesgo de complicaciones para la salud durante la hospitalización y la necesidad de tratamiento odontológico invasivo y/o de urgencia. La salud bucal en el entorno hospitalario desempeña un papel muy importante para la efectividad de la salud integral de los pacientes hospitalizados.
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La periodontitis es un trastorno inmunoinflamatorio de etiología microbiana causado por gérmenes únicos en la cavidad bucal que pueden diseminarse a través del torrente sanguíneo, activan la respuesta inflamatoria del huésped y favorecen la formación, maduración y exacerbación de la placa de ateroma. Varios estudios clínicos han investigado la posible relación entre la enfermedad periodontal y las enfermedades consecuentes de la aterosclerosis como la cardiopatía isquémica y la enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva de artículos científicos publicados en las bases de datos: Pubmed, Medline, LILACS, Scielo, en el período comprendido entre el 2012 y el 2022, en idioma español e inglés. Se utilizaron como descriptores: periodontitis, enfermedad cerebrovascular y aterosclerosis. Los reportes incluidos indican que la enfermedad cerebrovascular y la enfermedad aterosclerótica presentan las alteraciones con mayores asociaciones con la periodontitis, sin embargo, se necesitan estudios más amplios para determinar el papel de la severidad y extensión de la periodontitis en estas enfermedades.
Periodontitis is an immunoinflammatory disorder of microbial etiology caused by unique germs in the oral cavity that can spread through the bloodstream, activate the host's inflammatory response and promote the formation, maturation and exacerbation of atheromatous plaque. Several clinical studies have investigated the possible relationship between periodontal disease and diseases resulting from atherosclerosis such as ischemic heart disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. An exhaustive bibliographic review of scientific articles published in the databases: Pubmed, Medline, LILACS, Scielo, in the period between 2012 and 2022, in Spanish and English was carried out. The following were used as descriptors: periodontitis, cerebrovascular disease and atherosclerosis. The included reports indicate that cerebrovascular disease and atherosclerotic disease present the alterations with the greatest associations with periodontitis, however, larger studies are needed to determine the role of the severity and extent of periodontitis in these diseases.
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This study aimed to identify and determine the level of factors associated with the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of oral health professionals working in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 96 dentists and 65 dental assistants working in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in six municipalities in the metropolitan area of Salvador (BA), Brazil. The HRQoL was evaluated using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Higher mean scores in the SF-36 physical component summary were associated with younger age, post-graduate education in public health, and frequent leisure time. The mental component summary was associated with frequent leisure time, > 40 weekly working hours, suitable dental offices, satisfaction with colleagues, and satisfaction with working in PHC. The HRQoL level of oral health professionals working in primary health care in PHC in Brazil was comparable to those found in the available literature and associated with several modifiable factors. Incidentally, a literature search found few studies using the SF-36 to assess the HRQoL of oral health workers, and those found were produced outside the main scientific centers.
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e determinar o nível de fatores associados à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de profissionais de saúde bucal que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal com 96 cirurgiões-dentistas e 65 auxiliares em saúde bucal que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em seis municípios da região metropolitana de Salvador (BA), Brasil. A QVRS foi avaliada usando o 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Escores médios mais altos no resumo do componente físico do SF-36 foram associadas a idade mais jovem, pós-graduação em saúde pública e tempo de lazer frequente. O resumo do componente mental foi associado a tempo de lazer frequente, > 40 horas semanais de trabalho, consultórios odontológicos adequados, satisfação com os colegas e satisfação em trabalhar na APS. O nível de QVRS dos profissionais de saúde bucal que atuam na APS no Brasil foi comparável aos encontrados na literatura disponível e associado a vários fatores modificáveis. Incidentalmente, uma pesquisa bibliográfica encontrou poucos estudos que utilizam o SF-36 para avaliar a QVRS de trabalhadores da saúde bucal; e os encontrados foram produzidos fora dos principais centros científicos.
El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y determinar el nivel de los factores asociados a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de los profesionales de salud bucal que actúan en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 96 cirujano dentista y 65 auxiliares de salud bucal que actúan en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia en seis municipios de la región metropolitana de Salvador, Brasil. La CVRS se evaluó mediante el 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Las puntuaciones medias más altas en el resumen del componente físico del SF-36 se asociaron con una edad más joven, títulos de posgrado en salud pública y tiempo libre frecuente. El resumen del componente mental se asoció con tiempo libre frecuente, > 40 horas de trabajo por semana, consultorios dentales adecuados, satisfacción con los colegas y satisfacción con el trabajo en la Atención Primaria de Salud. El nivel de CVRS de los profesionales de la salud bucal que actúan en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil fue comparable a los encontrados en la literatura disponible y se asoció a varios factores modificables. Una búsqueda bibliográfica encontró pocos estudios que utilizan el SF-36 para evaluar la CVRS de los trabajadores de la salud bucal; y los encontrados estaban fuera de los principales centros científicos.
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A pesquisa propõe conhecer a saúde bucal, analisando o perfil epidemiológico, identificando a prevalência e necessidade de tratamento dos pacientes pediátricos internados na enfermaria do Hospital e Pronto Socorro da Criança Zona Sul em Manaus (PSC), no Amazonas. Este estudo transversal e observacional descritivo foi realizado com pacientes internados atendidos no PSC no período de setembro de 2022 a fevereiro de 2023. A coleta de dados foi realizada presencialmente nos dias semanais através análise dos prontuários, utilização de uma ficha odontológica e avaliação clínica. Observou-se a presença de pacientes do gênero masculino, superior ao gênero feminino e com faixa etária maior entre 2 a 9 anos de idade. Obteve-se resultados positivos acerca da condição bucal dos pacientes, sendo 44,26% considerada no critério Boa. A doença mais prevalente entre os pacientes internados nas enfermarias, corresponde à Síndrome Nefrótica com 25,35%. Conclui-se que a condição bucal mais prevalente entre os pacientes que se encontram internados na enfermaria é a condição bucal Boa. Isto justifica-se devido a presença de um projeto de extensão completado no hospital, que evidencia que a presença do cirurgião dentista na equipe multidisciplinar nas enfermarias dos hospitais é indispensável, pois ele é o profissional capacitado a manter e restabelecer a saúde bucal.
The research aims to investigate oral health by analyzing the epidemiological profile, identifying the prevalence and treatment needs of pediatric patients admitted to the ward of the South Zone Children's Hospital and First Aid Station in the city of Manaus, in the state of Amazonas. This cross-sectional and descriptive observational study was conducted with admitted patients treated at the South Zone Children's Hospital and First Aid Station between September 2022 and February 2023. The data collection was conducted in person on weekly days through the analysis of medical records, the use of a dental form, and clinical evaluation. It was observed that male patients were more numerous than female patients, and that the age range of 2 to 9 years old had a higher representation. Positive results were obtained regarding the oral condition of the patients, with 44.26% considered to be in the Good category. The most prevalent disease among the patients admitted to the wards is Nephrotic Syndrome, accounting for 25.35%. It is concluded that the most prevalent oral condition among patients admitted to the ward is the Good oral condition. This is justified by the presence of an extension project conducted in the hospital, which shows that the presence of the dental surgeon in the multidisciplinary team in the hospital wards is essential, as they are the professionals capable of maintaining and restoring oral health.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Oral Hygiene , Oral Health , Dental CareABSTRACT
O bjective To survey the availability of dental services in Shanghai community health service centers and the differences between urban and suburban areas. Methods:A questionnaire survey on dental service in Shanghai community health service centers were conducted from March 10 to 17, 2023. The availability of dental services and the differences among health service centers in central urban area, urban area and suburban area were analyzed.Results:A total of 249 community health service center participated in the survey and 249 effective questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 100.0%. Among 249 centers, 220 (88.4%) had set up dental clinics. The proportion of community health service centers with dental clinics in the urban areas, central urban areas and suburban areas is 95.0% (76/80), 98.2% (107/109) and 61.7% (37/60), respectively ( H=35.44, P<0.05). Among the 220 centers with dental clinics, the floor space of dental clinic was 40.00 (28.50, 73.24), 31.70 (24.40, 49.35) and 20.00 (16.75, 34.00) square meters in suburban areas, central urban areas, and suburban areas, respectively. There were significant differences in the inspection equipment including comprehensive dental chairs, X-ray panoramic machine, X-ray dental machine, dental implants, ultrasonic dental cleaning machine, portable dental chairs, light curing lamps, and enzyme cleaning machine among community health service centers in three types of city areas ( H=35.44, 8.32, 25.53, 7.46 20.95, 43.00, 23.22, 13.35, all P<0.05). Among 220 centers with dental services, all provided dental caries filling, 175 (79.55%) provided root canal treatment, 161 (73.18%) provided extraction of various impacted teeth, 104 (47.27%) provided minor maxillofacial surgery, 132 (60.00%) provided fixed denture restoration, and 139 (63.18%) provided removable local denture restoration. Only a few centers provided orthodontics and dental implant services, including 20 provided removable orthodontics (9.09%), 11 provided fixed orthodontics (5.00%), and 9 provided dental implants (4.09%). There were significant differences in provision of services for root canal treatment, gingival scaling, subgingival scraping, various types of impacted tooth extraction, maxillofacial surgery minor surgery, fixed denture restoration, removable local denture restoration, mobile correction, and oral implant restoration among centers in three types of city areas ( H=29.19, 51.73, 25.32, 31.93, 8.23, 25.98, 28.26, 10.46, 7.84, all P<0.05). There were total 511 dentists in 220 community health service centers, including 24(4.70%) with master degree, 53(10.37%) with associate senior professional titles. There were significant differences in number of dentists, those with undergraduate and below education, those with master degree, those with intermediate and below professional titles among centers in three types of city areas ( H=66.35, 50.33, 11.19, 42.17, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Community health service centers in Shanghai generally have basic capacity of dental service, but there are significant differences among the central urban areas, suburban areas, and suburban areas, indicating that it need to be further strengthened in terms of facilities, equipment, and talent team development in different city areas accordingly.
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Frailty is a key intermediate state of aging, which is closely related to the adverse outcomes such as falls, disability, and death in the elderly, and seriously impairs their quality of life. It is proposed in recent years that oral frailty is also a type of frailty and can be used as a predictor and component of general frailty. This article summarizes the definition, epidemiology, assessment tools, possible mechanisms and intervention measures of oral frailty, to provide reference for further research in the field of oral frailty.
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Objective To retrieve,evaluate and summarize the relevant evidences of oral health manage-ment in the community elderly people to provide reference for community medical staffs.Methods The evi-dences on oral health management of the comunity elderly people were systematically retrieved from various guide websites and Chinese and English databases.The retrieval limit was from the database establishment to September 2021.The research group conducted the evaluation and extracted the evidences according to the rel-evant literature evaluation criteria.Results A total of 17 literatures were included,including 5 guidelines,4 expert consensuses and 8 systematic reviews.A total of 28 pieces of evidences were summarized from the five aspects of assessment and examination,daily life management,management of special oral problems,denture management,and education and training.Conclusion Community medical staffs should fully consider the clin-ical situation,department resources and patient wishes,and conduct the evidence application to increase the o-ral health level of the community elderly people.
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Objective@#To construct an evaluation index system of oral health literacy for children's parents, so as to provide an index system for the evaluation of oral health literacy for children's parents in China.@*Methods@#The evaluation index system of oral health literacy for children's parents was designed based on literature review and semi-structured interview. Experts from oral prevention and pediatric oral medicine were invited to participate in two-round Delphi consultations. The indicators were scored and screened according to the importance, and the weight determined using analytic hierarchy process. The effectiveness of the consultation was evaluated by positive coefficient, authority coefficient and coordination coefficient.@*Results@#Twenty-four experts participated in the consultation, including 6 males and 18 females. There were 21 experts with a master degree, 3 experts with a doctor degree, and 20 experts with vice senior professional titles and above. The recovery rates of the two rounds of consultations were 96.00% and 100.00%, the authority coefficients were 0.866 and 0.917, the Kendall's coefficient of concordance were 0.120 and 0.156 (both P<0.05), and the coefficient of variation was 0.15-0.38 and 0.03-0.17, respectively. The final evaluation index system included 3 primary indicators, 11 secondary indicators and 40 tertiary indicators. The primary indicators were basic knowledge and concepts related to oral health, promoting lifestyle and behaviors related to oral health, and maintaining basic skills related to oral health.@*Conclusion@#The evaluation index system of oral health literacy for children's parents has been established in this study and needs to be further applied and evaluated.
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Objective To analyze the current oral health status of middle-aged and elderly people in Wuhan,and to provide clinical evidence for preventing and promoting oral health among middle-aged and elderly people.Methods The data was col-lected from the annual health examination data system of Wuhan,which included 1994 patients aged 45~95.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)"Basic Methods of Oral Health Survey"(5 th edition),the data of caries,periodontal disease,dentition defect,dentition loss and denture restoration was mainly studied.Statistical methods such as Chi-square test and vari-ance analysis were used for data analysis.Results Among the 1994 subjects,1613 people(80.89%)were male and 218 people(10.93%)were older than 75 years old.The average numbers of caries and teeth loss were 2.68 and 2.03,respectively.The mean number of caries and tooth loss increased with age.The mean numbers of caries and tooth loss in 45~,55~,65~,75~,and 85~95 years old groups were 0.98 and 0.54,1.82 and 1.39,3.21 and 2.48,7.65 and 6.04,12.65 and 9.91,respective-ly.The difference among different age groups was statistically significant(P<0.01).The proportion of restoration of teeth loss was also elevated with the increase of age(P<0.01),and the difference of community periodontal index(CPI)among different age groups was also statistically significant(P<0.01).The proportion of people in CPI1 group(shallow periodontal pocket)was decreased with the increase of age,while the proportion of people in CPI2 group(deep periodontal pocket)was increased with the increase of age(P<0.01).Conclusion The overall oral health examination results of middle-aged and elderly people in Wuhan shows that the oral health status is slightly better when compared with the result of urban area in the 4th National Oral Health Examination.But caries,periodontal disease,tooth loss and unrepaired dentures are still serious in the elderly population.It is necessary to improve the prevention awareness of oral diseases in the elderly through regular oral examination,timely detection and treatment.At the same time,attention should be paid to dental restoration in the elderly population to improve the quality of life.