Quiste dermoide intraorbitario / Intraorbital dermoid cyst

Este artículo tuvo como objetivo describir las características clínicas, imagenológicas y la evolución posquirúrgica del quiste dermoide intraorbitario. Los quistes dermoides representan entre 3-9 por ciento de todos los tumores intraorbitarios. Se forman por el secuestro del ectodermo entre las líneas de fusión embrionaria de derivados mesodérmicos. La mayoría de los quistes dermoides son superficiales, y se presentan en la infancia temprana como aumentos de volumen discretos en ceja y párpado. Su crecimiento es lento, y generalmente se asocian a las suturas frontocigomática y frontoetmoidal. Es infrecuente su localización intraorbital. Se presenta una paciente femenina de 5 años de edad, quien fue ingresada con proptosis progresiva. Los exámenes imagenológicos mostraron un quiste intraorbitario derecho a nivel del proceso cigomático del frontal con erosión ósea subyacente. Se realizó su resección quirúrgica mediante orbitomía lateral por la técnica de Krönlein. El examen histopatológico informó quiste dermoide. Su evolución fue satisfactoria(AU)

This article aimed to describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of the intraorbital dermoid cyst, and its postoperative evolution. Dermoid cysts represent 3 percent-9 percent of all intraorbital tumors. They result from sequestrum of the ectoderm between the embryonic fusion lines of mesodermal derivatives. Most dermoid cysts are superficial, presenting in early childhood as a discrete volume increase in the eyebrow and the eyelid. Their growth is slow and they are generally associated to the frontozygomatic and the frontoethmoidal sutures. An intraorbital location is infrequent. A case is presented of a female 5-year-old patient admitted for progressive proptosis. Imaging studies showed a right intraorbital cyst at the level of the frontozygomatic process with underlying bone erosion. Surgical resection was performed by lateral orbitotomy with Krönlein's technique. Histopathological examination revealed a dermoid cyst. The patient's evolution has been satisfactory(AU)

Expanding the limits of endoscopic intraorbital tumor resection using 3-dimensional reconstruction / Expandindo os limites da ressecção endoscópica de tumor intraorbital utilizando reconstrução tridimensional

Abstract Introduction: Endoscopic orbital surgery is a nascent field and new tools are required to assist with surgical planning and to ascertain the limits of the tumor resectability. Objective: We purpose to utilize three-dimensional radiographic reconstruction to define the theoretical lateral limit of endoscopic resectability of primary orbital tumors and to apply these boundary conditions to surgical cases. Methods: A three-dimensional orbital model was rendered in 4 representative patients presenting with primary orbital tumors using OsiriX open source imaging software. A 2-Dimensional plane was propagated between the contralateral nare and a line tangential to the long axis of the optic nerve reflecting the trajectory of a trans-septal approach. Any tumor volume falling medial to the optic nerve and/or within the space inferior to this plane of resectability was considered theoretically resectable regardless of how far it extended lateral to the optic nerve as nerve retraction would be unnecessary. Actual tumor volumes were then superimposed over this plan and correlated with surgical outcomes. Results: Among the 4 lesions analyzed, two were fully medial to the optic nerve, one extended lateral to the optic nerve but remained inferior to the plane of resectability, and one extended both lateral to the optic nerve and superior to the plane of resectability. As predicted by the three-dimensional modeling, a complete resection was achieved in all lesions except one that transgressed the plane of resectability. No new diplopia or vision loss was observed in any patient. Conclusion: Three-dimensional reconstruction enhances preoperative planning for endoscopic orbital surgery. Tumors that extend lateral to the optic nerve may still be candidates for a purely endoscopic resection as long as they do not extend above the plane of resectability described herein.

Resumo Introdução: A cirurgia orbital endoscópica é um campo emergente e são necessárias novas ferramentas para auxiliar no planejamento cirúrgico e determinar os limites da ressecabilidade tumoral. Objetivo: Usar a reconstrução radiográfica tridimensional para definir o limite lateral teórico de ressecabilidade endoscópica de tumores orbitais primários e aplicar essas condições de limites a casos cirúrgicos. Método: Um modelo orbital tridimensional foi aplicado a quatro pacientes representativos com tumores orbitais primários utilizando o software de imagem de fonte aberta OsiriX. Um plano bidimensional foi propagado entre a narina contralateral e uma linha tangencial ao eixo longo do nervo óptico que reflete a trajetória de uma abordagem transeptal. Qualquer volume de tumor situado medialmente ao nervo óptico e/ou dentro do espaço inferior a esse plano de ressecabilidade foi teoricamente considerado ressecável, independentemente de quão longe ele se estendia até o nervo óptico, pois a retração do nervo seria desnecessária. Os volumes reais do tumor foram então sobrepostos sobre esse plano e correlacionados com os resultados cirúrgicos. Resultados: Entre as quatro lesões analisadas, duas eram totalmente mediais ao nervo óptico, uma se estendia lateralmente ao nervo óptico, mas permaneceu inferior ao plano de ressecabilidade, e uma se estendia lateralmente ao nervo óptico e superior ao plano de ressecabilidade. Conforme previsto pelo modelo tridimensional, uma ressecção completa foi obtida em todas as lesões, exceto uma, que transgrediu o plano de ressecabilidade. Nenhuma nova diplopia ou perda de visão foi observada em qualquer paciente. Conclusão: A reconstrução tridimensional melhora o planejamento pré-operatório para a cirurgia orbital endoscópica. Os tumores que se estendem lateralmente ao nervo óptico podem ainda ser candidatos à ressecção puramente endoscópica, desde que não se estendam além do plano de ressecabilidade aqui descrito.

Características clínicas y patológicas de los tumores orbitarios / Clinical and pathological characteristics of orbital tumors

Objetivo: describir las características clínico-patológicas de los tumores orbitarios. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de serie de casos en el Instituto de Oncología y Radiobiología desde enero del año 2011 a diciembre de 2017. La muestra se conformó con 241 pacientes sometidos a cirugía de la órbita y fue caracterizada según la edad, el sexo, el origen y la naturaleza de la lesión, el diagnóstico histopatológico y los abordajes quirúrgicos utilizados. Resultados: el 52,7 por ciento de la muestra estudiada fue del sexo masculino; el 36,5 por ciento se encontró en el grupo de 60 a 79 años. El 62,7 por ciento de los casos correspondió a tumores malignos, el 51,9 por ciento a lesiones primarias de la órbita y el 26,6 por ciento a linfoma No Hodgkin. Las lesiones secundarias originadas en los párpados representaron el 58,7 por ciento y el carcinoma epidermoide el 56,5 por ciento. Hubo 11 casos correspondientes a metástasis; las de mama representaron el 72,7 por ciento. El abordaje anterior transpalpebral fue utilizado en el 54,8 por ciento de los casos. Conclusiones: los tumores orbitarios se presentan con mayor frecuencia a partir de los 40 años de edad y con predominio del sexo masculino. Las lesiones malignas son más frecuentes, así como las primarias de la órbita, donde el linfoma No Hodgkin representa el mayor número de casos. Los párpados son la principal estructura de origen de las lesiones secundarias, y el carcinoma epidermoide es la variedad histopatológica predominante. Las metástasis de mama son las que más afectan el espacio orbitario. La vía de abordaje fundamental es la anterior transpalpebral (transeptal), seguido de la exenteración orbitaria(AU)

Objective: describe the clinicopathological characteristics of orbital tumors. Methods: a retrospective descriptive case-series study was conducted at the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology from January 2011 to December 2017. A sample of 241 patients undergoing orbital surgery was characterized according to age, sex, origin and type of lesion, histopathological diagnosis and surgical procedures used. Results: 52.7 percent of the study sample was male and 36.5 percent was in the 60-79 age group. 62.7 percent of the cases were malignant tumors, 51.9 percent were primary orbital lesions, and 26.6 percent were non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Secondary lesions originating in the eyelids represented 58.7 percent, and epidermoid carcinomas 56.5 percent. Eleven cases were metastases, 72.7 percent were of the breast type. The anterior transpalpebral approach was used in 54.8 percent of the cases. Conclusions: orbital tumors are more common as of age 40 with a predominance of the male sex. Malignant lesions are more frequent, as well as primary orbital lesions, of which the largest number of cases are non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The eyelids are the main structure of origin of secondary lesions, and epidermoid carcinoma is the prevailing histopathological variety. Breast metastases are the type most commonly affecting the orbital area. The main approach is anterior transpalpebral (transeptal), followed by orbital exenteration(AU)

Exenteración orbitaria: experiencia de seis años / Orbital exenteration: six years of experience

Objetivo: describir las características clínico-patológicas y los resultados obtenidos en pacientes sometidos a exenteración orbitaria. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de serie de casos, en el Instituto de Oncología y Radiobiología, desde enero del año 2011 a diciembre de 2016. La muestra se conformó con 71 pacientes exenterados y fue caracterizada según la edad, el sexo, el origen de la lesión, el diagnóstico histopatológico, los tratamientos previos, el tipo de exenteración orbitaria, el estado de los bordes de la sección quirúrgica, los tratamientos adyuvantes, los abordajes quirúrgicos asociados, la reconstrucción de la cavidad y las complicaciones posoperatorias. Resultados: el 67,6 por ciento de la muestra estudiada fue del sexo masculino. El 43,7 por ciento se encontró en el grupo de 60 a 79 años de edad; en el 38 por ciento de los pacientes la lesión primaria estuvo localizada en los párpados y en el 56,3 por ciento el diagnóstico histopatológico fue el carcinoma epidermoide. El 100 por ciento de la muestra había recibido algún tipo de tratamiento médico previo. Al 69 por ciento de la muestra se le realizó exenteración orbitaria tipo III, y solo en el 15,5 por ciento se reportaron bordes de la sección quirúrgica positivos. El 29,6 por ciento recibió tratamiento adyuvante con radioterapia. Se necesitó la combinación con otros abordajes quirúrgicos en el 28,2 por ciento de los pacientes y en el 69 por ciento se permitió la cicatrización espontánea de la cavidad orbitaria. La fístula senorbital fue la complicación más frecuente, con el 8,5 por ciento. Conclusiones: el carcinoma epidermoide es el tumor periocular que con mayor frecuencia invade la órbita. En la mayoría de los casos exenterados se logra la resección total del tumor con complicaciones posoperatorias mínimas(AU)

Objective: to describe the clinical and pathological characteristics and the results obtained in patients undergoing orbital exenteration. Methods: a descriptive, case series and retrospective study was carried out at the Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology from January 2011 to December 2016. The sample of 71 exenterated patients was characterized according to age, sex, origin of the lesion, histopathological diagnosis, previous treatments, type of orbital exenteration, state of the surgical section edges, adjuvant treatments, associated surgical approaches, reconstruction of the cavity and postoperative complications. Results: in this sample, 67.6 percent of the studied sample were men, 43.7 % were in the 60-79 age group; the primary lesion of 38 percent was located in the eyelids and and the histopathological diagnosis in 56.3 percent of patients was squamous cell carcinoma. One hundred percent of the sample had received some type of previous medical treatment, 69 percent of the sample underwent type III orbital exenteration, and only in 15.5 percent, the surgical section edges were reported as positive. Also, 29.6 percent received adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy. The combination with other surgical approaches was required in 28.2 percent of patients and percent spontaneous healing of the orbital cavity was allowed in 69 percent. The sino-orbital fistula was the most frequent complication (8.5 percent). Conclusions: squamous cell carcinoma is the periocular tumor that most frequently invades the orbit. Most exenterated cases managed to achieve total resection of the tumor with minimal postoperative complications(AU)

Orbital Lymphangioma: Case Report and Management Paradigms

Introduction Lymphangioma is a rare congenital vascular malformation of the head and neck region isolated from the systemic circulation. It has a benign etiology, and represents 1­3% of all orbital tumors. These hamartomas often present in the pediatric population with a slightly female predilection. They have a lymphocytic composition, and may increase in size with episodes of viral infection, causing proptosis. Discussion The management of this lesion is controversial, hardly curative, and depends on the clinical presentation. The treatment options include partial surgical resection of the major cyst, needle aspiration, surgical debulking, systemic steroids, sildenafil, intralesional injection of the sclerosing agents, and local radiotherapy. Case Report In the present report, we describe an uncommon case of lymphangioma in a 6-year-old female who was first submitted to neurosurgery for tumor resection and received sildenafil therapy later, with promising results. Conclusion The treatment of orbital lymphangiomas remains a controversial topic, and the use of sildenafil along with needle aspiration and microsurgical removal is a viable option of treatment. However, many issues, such as the ideal duration of the therapy, the dosage regimen and the recurrence rate, still remain unclear. Our case report adds promising data on this pathology, even though larger trials are needed to properly elucidate the remaining questions.

Introdução Linfangioma é uma malformação vascular rara congênita da cabeça e da região cervical isolada da circulação sistêmica. Apresenta uma etiologia benigna e representa 1­3% de todos tumores orbitais. Estes hematomas geralmente se apresentam na população pediátrica com uma pequena predileção pela população feminina. Têm uma composição linfocítica e podem aumentar em tamanho com episódios de infecções virai causando proptose. Discussão O manejo destas lesões é controverso, dificilmente curativo e depende na apresentação clínica. Opções de tratamento compreende ressecção cirúrgica parcial do cisto de maior volume, aspiração por agulha de punção, redução cirúrgica, esteroides sistêmicos, Sildenafil, administração intralesional de agentes esclerosantes, e radioterapia local. Relato de Caso No presente relato, descrevemos um caso incomum de linfangioma em uma paciente feminina de seis anos de idade, inicialmente submetida a procedimento neurocirúrgica para ressecção tumoral, com posterior terapia com Sildenafil, apresentando resultados promissores. Conclusão O tratamento de linfangiomas de órbita permanece um tópico controverso, e o uso de Sildenafil em conjunto com aspiração por agulha de punção e ressecção microcirúrgica é uma opção viável de tratamento. Entretanto, muitas quesitos tais como tempo de terapia, regime de dose e taxa de recorrência permanecem incertos. Nosso relato de caso contribui com dados promissores referente a esta patologia, ainda que ensaios maiores são necessários para elucidação apropriada acerca das questões pendentes.

Primary orbital neuroblastoma with intraocular extension.

Neuroblastoma is an undifferentiated malignancy of primitive neuroblasts. Neuroblastoma is among the most common solid tumors of childhood. Orbital neuroblastoma is typically a metastatic tumor. In this case report, we describe a 2‑year‑old child with a rapidly progressing orbital tumor. Computed tomography revealed an orbital mass lesion with extraocular and intraocular components. An incisional biopsy was done, and a histopathological examination showed features suggestive of neuroblastoma. Systemic workup including ultrasonography of the abdomen, chest roentgenogram, whole body computed tomography, and bone scintigraphy showed no evidence of systemic involvement. The diagnosis of primary orbital neuroblastoma was made, and the child was subjected to chemotherapy followed by rapid melting of the tumor. Neuroblastoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of childhood orbital tumors.

Primary liposarcoma of the orbit.

Liposarcoma is the most common sarcoma in adults, but is an extremely rare tumor of the orbit. We report 4 cases of primary orbital liposarcoma treated at our center. All cases had tumor localized to the orbit and underwent exenteration followed by radiotherapy in one patient. None of the patients had a recurrence until a follow-up of 1-5 years (mean: 4 years).

Quiste dermoide en la cola de la ceja / Dermoid cyst in the eyebrow tail

El quiste dermoide es un tipo de coristoma que corresponde a una anomalía congénita del desarrollo. Se presenta una transicional de dos años. Desde su nacimiento, la mamá notó un aumento de volumen a nivel de la cola de la ceja del ojo derecho, de bordes delimitados, blanda, movible, reborde orbitario libre, sin cambios de coloración, con un crecimiento acelerado clínico y ultrasonográfico en meses. Se decidió exéresis y biopsia para estudio anatomopatológico. Los resultados finales mostraron confirmación del diagnóstico de quiste dermoide en la cola de la ceja. La evolución posoperatoria fue satisfactoria sin recidiva de la lesión.

The dermoid cyst is a type of choristoma resulting from congenital development anomaly. A 2-year transitional dermoid cyst from birth was discovered by the mother when she noticed increased volume at the tail of the right eyebrow, defined edges, soft, movable, free orbital rim, no color changes with rapid clinical and ultrasonographic growth in months. It was decided to perform excision and biopsy for the pathological study. The final results showed confirmation of the diagnosis of dermoid cyst in tail of the eyebrow. The postoperative course was satisfactory without recurrent injure.

Condrosarcoma del septum nasal: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum: a case report and literature review

El condrosarcoma del tabique nasal es una neoplasia poco frecuente. Cuando esto ocurre, el diagnóstico precoz es difícil porque los pacientes generalmente presentan síntomas rinosinusales inespecíficos y en forma tardía. Se presenta un caso clínico de una mujer de 37 años de edad que se presentó con una historia de exoftalmo sin síntomas rinosinusales agregados. El estudio imagenológico mostró una masa de aspecto neoplásico en el tabique nasal con extensión al seno maxilar, celdillas etmoidales, cavidad orbitaria y hacia posterior a la fosa pterigopalatina. Se consideró un tumor naso-orbitario por lo que se complementó estudio con nasofibroscopía flexible que mostró una masa nasal de aspecto liso, brillante, rosada que ocupaba piso, tabique y pared lateral de fosa nasal izquierda que no era separable del tabique nasal. Se realizó biopsia que mostró una histopatología sugestiva de condrosarcoma. Se realizó cirugía por abordaje endoscópico y con apoyo neuroquirúrgico por vía transcraneal. La presentación clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento de este caso, así como una revisión de la literatura son discutidos.

Chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum is a rare malignancy. When this occurs, early diagnosis is difficult since patients usually present non specific symptoms rhinosinusal and late. There is a clinic case of a 37-year-old women who presented with a history of exophthalmos without added symptoms rhinosinusal. The image study showed a neoplasic mass appearance in the nasal septum with extension to the maxillary sinus, ethmoid cells, orbital cavity and post to the pterygopalatine fossa. We have considered a naso-orbital tumor which was complemented nasofibroscopy flexible nasal showed a pink mass of smooth, shiny, occupied floor, septum and lateral wall of left nasal cavity that was not separable from the nasal septum was considered. We have performed a biopsy wich shows a suggestive chondrosarcoma. Surgery was performed by endoscopic approach and via transcranial neurosurgical support. The clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of this case and a review of the literature are discussed.

Clinical analysis of diagnosis and treatment of primary orbital tumors / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To explore the clinical manifestation,imaging features,histopathological classifications and treatment of primary orbital tumors.Methods Twenty-six cases with primary orbital tumors were retrospectively studied.Results All of 26 primary orbital tumor cases received surgical treatment.Sixteen primary orbital tumors cases were male and 10 cases were female.The mean age was 46 years (ranged from 15 to 72).The mean hospital stay was 13 d (ranged from 9 to 21).Among 26 primary orbital tumors cases,21 cases were benign tumors which included 11 cases of cavernous hemangioma,5 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor,3 cases of dermoid cyst,2 cases of venous angioma.Five cases were malignant tumors which included 4 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma and 1 case of rhabdomyosarcoma.After operation,visual acuity improved in 9 cases,unchanged in 11 cases,decreased in 6 cases.The patients were followed up for 18-48 months (mean,25 months).There were 4 cases of malignant tumors recurrence after operation and received radical operation.While 2 patients were lost,the other 24 patients survived with tumor-free.Conclusions Surgical excision is the main and effective treatment for primary orbital tumors.To be very familiar with the imaging characteristics and local anatomy is the key for operation.Individualized treatment plan should be chosen based on clinical manifestation,imaging features and histopathological classifications.

Influence of nursing intervention on anxiety of surgical patients with cranio-orbital tumors / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the influence of nursing intervention on anxiety of surgical patients with cranio-orbital tumors. Methods From November 2006 to October 2009 in our hospital, 48 patients with cranio-orbital tumors surgery were randomly divided into the observation group (25 patients)and the control group (23 patients), the control group received routine care, the observation group strengthened nursing intervention of anxiety on the basis of the control group. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.0%, slightly higher than 87.0% of the control group, but there was no significant difference between two groups. the anxiety score in patients of the observation group was significantly lower than the control group, there was significant difference between two groups. Conclusions Nursing intervention can alleviate anxiety of surgical patients with cranio-orbital tumors, which should be given clinical concern.

Clínica de las lesiones orbitarias y su proceder quirúrgico / Clinic of the orbital injuries and its surgical procedure

Se analiza la casuística de 52 pacientes con tumores orbitarios tratados quirúrgicamente en el Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Cuba durante un período de diez años, con participación directa del autor en los casos atendidos durante los últimos 4 años, en la que se profundiza en los elementos diagnósticos y terapéuticos de estos procesos ocupativos. Los tipos tumorales más frecuentes fueron los meningiomas, los gliomas y los hemangiomas. El estudio clínico y neurooftalmológico orientó en el diagnóstico topográfico en la mayoría de los casos y sugirió en algunos la naturaleza de la lesión. La tomografía axial computadorizada fue el método de estudio complementario más utilizado y que más datos de interés aportó. Se discuten los tipos de lesiones encontradas en estos pacientes y se describen las principales modalidades terapéuticas empleadas, en especial las vías de abordaje quirúrgico a la órbita (56 intervenciones) en dependencia de la localización u otras características de las lesiones.

The causistics of 52 patients with orbital tumors surgically treated at the Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Cuba for 10 years, with the direct participation of the author in the cases attended during the last 4 years, is analyzed. The diagnostic and therapeutic elements of these occupying processes were studied in detail. The most common tumors were the meningiomas, the glyomas and the hemangiomas. The clinical and neuroophthalmological study oriented towards the topographic diagnosis in most of the cases and suggested, in some of them, the nature of the injury. The computerized axial tomography was the most used complementary study method, and it also provided the greatest number of data of interest. The types of lesions found in these patients are discussed and the main therapeutic modalities used are described, specially the routes of surgical approach to the orbit (56 operations), depending on the location or other characteristics of the injury.

THE DIAGNOSIS AND MICROSURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CRANIAL ORBITAL TUMORS / 解放军医学杂志

A retrospective study was made on the diagnosis and microsurgical management of 38 cases of cranial orbital tumors treated in our hospital in order to improve its clinical outcome. 29 males and 9 females with an age between 5 ～45 years (mean 32 2 years) were included in this series. 33 cases had their tumor located in anterior fossa, and 5 in middle fossa. 35(92 1%) cases showed malfunction of optic organs. 23(60 5%) cases had symptoms of intracranial hypertension. DSA and preoperative embolization of supplying arteries of tumors were performed in some cases. Microsurgical techniques and different approaches were used to remove tumors. 28 cases received total removal and others subtotal resection. No postoperative morbidity was found. 7 months～9 years follow up study showed that 24 cases resumed normal life, 6 had a dependent life and 5 had a certain recovery. One of the most frequent clinical manifestations of cranial orbital tumor was disorders in optic organs. The preoperative embolization of supplying arteries of tumors makes it possible to decrease bleeding during operation and increase the possibility to remove the total tumor. Microsurgical and piecemeal techniques as well as combined approaches may improve its clinical results.

Clinical and CT Histological Diagnosis of Orbital Tumors / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The clinical manifestation and characteristics of CT image of 117 cases of orbital tumors in our hospital were investigated. The hemangioma had the highest incidence, and the less common tumors were, in sequence of incidence, pseudotumor, dermoid cysts, neurilemmoma, polymorphous adenoma and meningioma. The sensitivity in diagnosis of orbital tumor by CT was 93.3%. The coincidence of CT histological diagnosis with pathology were 83.3 %, 82.6 % and 71.4% for dermoid.cysts, hemangioma, and pseudotumor respectively, but the general coincidence of CT histological diagnosis with pathology was only 67.8 %. When CT was combined with ultrasound, cytological examination and clinical manifestations, the accuracy of histological diagnosis could be improved to 83.3 %.

Clinical and CT Histological Diagnosis of Orbital Tumors / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The clinical manifestation and characteristics of CT image of 117 cases of orbital tumors in our hospital were investigated. The hemangioma had the highest incidence, and the less common tumors were, in sequence of incidence, pseudotumor, dermoid cysts, neurilemmoma, polymorphous adenoma and meningioma. The sensitivity in diagnosis of orbital tumor by CT was 93.3%. The coincidence of CT histological diagnosis with pathology were 83.3 %, 82.6 % and 71.4% for dermoid.cysts, hemangioma, and pseudotumor respectively, but the general coincidence of CT histological diagnosis with pathology was only 67.8 %. When CT was combined with ultrasound, cytological examination and clinical manifestations, the accuracy of histological diagnosis could be improved to 83.3 %.

The Appearances of Extraconal Orbital Diseases on High-resolution MR Using Surface Coils / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To summarize the important HR-MRI manifestations of orbital disease in extraconal compartment.Methods Forty-four patients with extraconal orbital disease identified pathologically were analysed retrospectively. MRI of the orbit at 1.5 Tesla was performed with surface coil, thin slice, suitable bandwidth, small field of view (FOV) and large matrix. The analyzed criteria of imaging appearance were: location, shape,size, margins, extent, adjacent structures, and signal intensity.Results Lymphoma, hemangioma, rhabdomyosarcoma, metastasis, pseudotumor, and phlegmon accounted for 70% of all extraconal orbital diseases. Three cases of haemangioma had round shape and clear margin; most lymphoma had irregular shape, unclear margin and big volume; while most rhabdomyosarcoma and metastasis had round shape and unclear margin. The effect of space-occupying of lymphoma was not obvious. One case of lymphangioma had high signal intensity on both T 1- and T 2-weighted images without enhancement. Melanomametastasis appeared hyperintense on T 1- weighted and hypointense on T 2-weighted images. The contrast-enhancement of haemangioma was much more prominent than others. There were characteristic of rhabdomyosarcoma, metastasis, pseudotumor, and phlegmon about their age,clinical history and examination. Conclusion Location criteria, morphological changes, MRI signal intensity, clinical history and the effect of space-occupying are very useful in the differential diagnosis of the orbital disease.

Orbital tumor from renal cell carcinoma

Orbital tumors are rare. Age specific incidence of primary malignant orbital tumor is approximately 2 per 1 million population until the 6th decade, 4 per 1 million in those older than 60 and 10 per 1 million in those older than 80 years. Approximately 1-13 percent of all orbital tumors are metastatic in nature. The most common primary cancers that metastasize to the orbits are breast, prostate gland and lung. In a series of 100 patients with orbital metastasis, only 5 patients had primary cancer from the kidney. We report a case of an orbital tumor which turned out to be a metastasis due to a renal cell carcinoma from the contralateral kidney. (Author)