Descriptions of adults of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) sachini Takaoka & Henry and S. (G.) williei Takaoka & Thapa in the S. (G.) gombakense species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from India

@#The Simulium gombakense species-group, one of the 15 species-groups of the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein, is small, being represented by only 12 species, all of which are distributed in the Oriental Region. It is characterized by the pupal gill composed of an inflated structure and eight or ten slender filaments. Among the 12 species, S. sachini Takaoka & Henry, and S. williei Takaoka & Thapa were originally described from two pupae, and one pupa and two larvae, respectively, from Darjeeling, India. In the present paper, the adult females and males of these species are described for the first time from specimens reared from pupae collected at the type locality. Simulium sachini is distinctive in the female by the claw with a medium-sized basal tooth, and in the male by the somewhat enlarged, spindleshaped hind basitarsus and ventral plate with its ventral margin much depressed medially, while S. williei is characterized by the small number of male upper-eye (large) facets in 12 vertical columns and 13 or 14 horizontal rows and ventral plate much produced posteroventrally. Taxonomic notes are given to separate these two species in the adult stage from their related species.

Two new black fly species of the Simulium (Simulium) rufibasis subgroup (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Taiwan

@#Simulium (Simulium) rufibasis Brunetti originally described from India was once considered a geographic generalist widely distributed in the Oriental Region. In this study, the species previously regarded as S. (S.) rufibasis in Taiwan was morphologically re-evaluated and found to be distinguished in the male and pupa from true S. (S.) rufibasis from India. This new species is described as S. (S.) hehuanense sp. nov. based on a female, a male and their pupal exuviae in Taiwan. This new species is placed in the S. rufibasis subgroup of the S. tuberosum species-group, and is similar to S. (S.) yamatoense Takaoka, Adler & Fukuda from Japan and Korea, but it is barely distinguished by the slenderer forebasitarsi of the female and male. Another new, related species, S. (S.) xiulinense sp. nov., is described based on a male and its pupal exuviae. This new species is distinguished from S. (S.) hehuanense sp. nov. by the number of male upper-eye (large) facets in 20 or 21 vertical columns and 22 horizontal rows (19 vertical columns and 19 horizontal rows in the latter species), and presence of a pair of dorsolateral shiny spots on male abdominal segment 5 (absence in the latter species). Both new species inhabit streams at high elevations (ca, 2,600 m). They differ from S. (S.) sp. (probably S. (S.) arisanum Shiraki) from Taiwan, of the same subgroup, which breeds in streams at low elevations (433–685 m), by the pupal head and thorax covered with tubercles (bare in the latter species).

Mortalidad perinatal: 40 años en un hospital distrital (1969-20089 / Perinatal mortalidad: 40 years in a county hopital (1969-2008)

Se estudia la evaluación y tendencia de la mortalidad perinatal, registrada en el Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara", Departamento Clínico Integral de la Costa, Universidad de Carabobo, Puerto cabello-Estado Carabobo. Ocurrieron 130.977 nacimientos y 5.608 muertes perinatales, durante el lapso de 40 años (1969-2008). El número de muertes perinatales por lapso y su diferencia periódica, muestra una tendencia al aumento en los primeros 30 años (1969-1998), con una tasa de mortalidad perinatal elevada (entre 41 y 51 por mil nacidos) con tendencia al incremento. El lapso final de diez años (1999-2008), muestra un descenso en todas las cifras analizadas, la reducción de tasas fue de 5,74 por mil nacidos, con expresión porcentual de 13,76, y una tasa global promedio (1969-2008) de 41,36 por mil nacidos. Estos resultados nos señalan la realidad que en materia de salud hemos vivido, por lo tanto debemos analizar el servicio prestado con mucha responsabilidad. Se debera fortalecer actividades preventivas sanitarias de salud pública, elevar el estándar de vida de los pacientes, eventos que son responsabilidad del estado, a todo ello estamos dispuestos a acompañarlo

The evolution and trends of perinatal mortality were study in the Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara", Departamento Clínico Integral de la Costa, Universidad de Carabobo. Puerto Cabello-Estado Carabobo. There were 130.977 births and 5.608 perinatal deaths registered during the period of 40 years (1969-2008). The number of perinatal deaths and the diference between regular periods, shows an increasing trend in the first 30 years (1969-1998), with a high perinatal mortality rate (between 41 and 51 per thousand births), with a tendency to increase. The final span of ten years (1999-2008), shows a decline in all figures analyzed, the reduction rate was 5.74 per thousand live births, with expression of 13.76 percent and the overall average (1969-2008) was 41.36 per thousand births. These results point to the fact that in health we have lived, so we must analyzed the service very seriously. There are health preventive public health standard of life of patients, and other events that are the responsibility of state, activities that we are willing to support

Relación entre morfología foliar de antófitos y factores abióticos en las principales pluvisilvas de la Región Oriental cubana

Relationship between antophyte foliar morphology and abiotic factors in the main rainforests of Eastern Cuba. The foliar morphology of representative antophytes in four rainforest types of Eastern Cuba was studied in relation to the main abiotic factors. Although there are several leaf types in these forests, the microphyll type is the most important among endemic species in the ophiolites complex and the Montane rainforest. At the Lowland rainforest (metamorphic complex) the mesophyll leaf was the most important. Most foliar epidermis had structures normally found in mesomorphic plants, but xeromorphic and higromorphic morphologies were also present. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 235-256. Epub 2009 June 30.

Se estudió la morfología foliar de los antófitos que son representativos de cuatro tipos de pluvisilvas de la Región Oriental de Cuba y se relacionó con los principales factores abióticos. Se encontró que existen varios tipos de hojas, pero predominó la micrófila en las especies endémicas y la mesófila, en las no endémicas. En la epidermis foliar se hallaron estructuras que son características de plantas mesomórficas y algunas xeromórficas, pero también se observaron otras que permiten una adaptación a las condiciones de alta humedad atmosférica, las que se consideraron higromórficas.