Therapeutic efficacy of volume-guaranteed high frequency oscillation ventilation on respiratory failure in preterm infants with a gestational age of 28-34 weeks: a prospective randomized controlled study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of volume-guaranteed high frequency oscillation ventilation (HFOV-VG) versus conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) in the treatment of preterm infants with respiratory failure.@*METHODS@#A prospective study was conducted on 112 preterm infants with respiratory failure (a gestational age of 28-34 weeks) who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Southeast University, from October 2018 to December 2022. The infants were randomly divided into an HFOV-VG group (44 infants) and a CMV group (68 infants) using the coin tossing method based on the mode of mechanical ventilation. The therapeutic efficacy was compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After 24 hours of treatment, both the HFOV-VG and CMV groups showed significant improvements in arterial blood pH, partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and partial pressure of oxygen/fractional concentration of inspired oxygen ratio (P<0.05), and the HFOV-VG group had better improvements than the CMV group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence rate of complications, 28-day mortality rate, and length of hospital stay (P>0.05), but the HFOV-VG group had a significantly shorter duration of invasive mechanical ventilation than the CMV group (P<0.05). The follow-up at the corrected age of 6 months showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in the scores of developmental quotient, gross motor function, fine motor function, adaptive ability, language, and social behavior in the Pediatric Neuropsychological Development Scale (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with CMV mode, HFOV-VG mode improves partial pressure of oxygen and promotes carbon dioxide elimination, thereby enhancing oxygenation and shortening the duration of mechanical ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory failure, while it has no significant impact on short-term neurobehavioral development in these infants.

Respiratory oscillometry and functional analyses in patients with idiopathic scoliosis

Scoliosis is a condition that affects the spine and causes chest rotation and trunk distortion. Individuals with severe deformities may experience dyspnea on exertion and develop respiratory failure. Respiratory oscillometry is a simple and non-invasive method that provides detailed information on lung mechanics. This work aims to investigate the potential of oscillometry in the evaluation of respiratory mechanics in patients with scoliosis and its association with physical performance. We analyzed 32 volunteers in the control group and 32 in the scoliosis group. The volunteers underwent traditional pulmonary function tests, oscillometry, and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Oscillometric analysis showed increased values of resistance at 4 Hz (R4, P<0.01), 12 Hz (R12, P<0.0001), and 20 Hz (R20, P<0.01). Similar analysis showed reductions in dynamic compliance (Cdyn, P<0.001) and ventilation homogeneity, as evaluated by resonance frequency (fr, P<0.001) and reactance area (Ax, P<0.001). Respiratory work, described by the impedance modulus, also showed increased values (Z4, P<0.01). Functional capacity was reduced in the group with scoliosis (P<0.001). A significant direct correlation was found between Cobb angle and R12, AX, and Z4 (P=0.0237, P=0.0338, and P=0.0147, respectively), and an inverse correlation was found between Cdyn and Cobb angle (P=0.0190). These results provided new information on respiratory mechanics in scoliosis and are consistent with the involved pathophysiology, suggesting that oscillometry may improve lung function tests for patients with scoliosis.

Characteristics of auditory steady-state response in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients under eye-open/closed state / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of eye-open/closed state on 40 Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia.Methods:Thirty-eight first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients treated in Shanghai Mental Health Center from March 2010 to October 2011 were selected, and 31 healthy controls were recruited in the same period. All subjects were assessed with schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ). The 40 Hz EEG ASSR signals lasting for 3 min under open and closed eyes of all subjects were sequentially collected.Event-related spectrum perturbation (ERSP) and intertribal phase coherence (ITC) were used to evaluate ASSR. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare ITC and ERSP between the two groups under open and closed eyes. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between each measurement.Results:ITC in group main effect and group×the eye open/closed interaction effect were not significant (both P>0.05), but the main effect of eye-open and eye-closed was significant ( F(1, 67)=10.61, P=0.002). In the healthy control group, the ITC in eye-open state was significantly higher than that in eye-closed state ( P=0.014), and in the first-degree relatives group, the ITC in eye-open state was higher than that in eyes closed state ( P=0.039). ERSP in the main effect of eye-open and eye-closed ( F(1, 67)=0.195, P=0.660), group main effect ( F(1, 67) =0.627, P=0.431), group × the eye-open/closed interaction effect ( F(1, 67)= 1.034, P=0.313) was not significant. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between ERSP (eye open: r=-0.260, P=0.210; eye closed: r=-0.318, P=0.122), ITC (eye open: r=-0.248, P=0.232; eye closed: r=-0.260, P=0.209) and SPQ score in the healthy control group. There was also no correlation between ERSP (eye open: r=-0.387, P=0.226; eye closed: r=-0.363, P=0.238) or ITC (eye open: r=0.126, P=0.485; eye closed: r=0.096, P=0.595) and SPQ score in the first-degree relatives group of schizophrenia. Conclusion:The regulation pattern of 40 Hz ASSR in schizophrenic first-degree relatives is not significantly impaired in the eye-open/closed state, suggesting that the open/closed regulation pattern of 40 Hz ASSR may not be a potential marker for predicting the genetic high-risk prognosis of schizophrenia.

Effect of abdominal electrical stimulation combined with high-frequency chest wall oscillation on airway clearance ability for critical ill patients with tracheostomy / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of abdominal electrical stimulation combined with high-frequency chest wall oscillation on airway clearance ability in critical ill patients with tracheostomy. Methods From January to June, 2021, a total of 84 critical ill patients with tracheostomy in the department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, were randomly divided into control group (n = 28),experimental group A (n = 28) and experimental group B (n = 28). All the groups received routine therapy and early activities; while high-frequency chest wall oscillation was added to experimental group A, and abdominal electrical stimulation combined with high-frequency chest wall oscillation were added to experimental group B, for two weeks. Their involuntary cough peak flow (ICPF), Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS), diaphragmatic excursion (DE), diaphragmatic thickness fraction (DTF) and thickness of abdominal muscle (Tab) were measured before and after treatment. Results The improvement of CPIS, ICPF and Tab were better in the experimental group B than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The improvement of DE and DTF were slightly better in experimental group B, however, there was no significant difference among groups (FDE = 0.514, FDTF = 1.582, P > 0.05). The thickness d-values of rectus abdominis, musculi obliquus internus abdominis and musculus transversus abdominis were positively correlated with the d-value of ICPF in the exprimental group B (r > 0.415, P < 0.05). ICPF was highly negatively correlated with CPIS before treatment for all the patients (r = -0.702, P < 0.001). No adverse events occurred during the intervention period. Conclusion Abdominal electrical stimulation combined with high-frequency chest wall oscillation could improve airway clearance ability in critical ill patients with tracheostomy.

Regulation of calcium oscillations by IP3R and RyR in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To explore the roles of 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs), the two main Ca2+ release channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). 【Methods】 We isolated and cultured NRCMs for different days, then loaded them with Ca2+ indicator fura-2 and performed real-time fluorescent imaging. To distinguish the effects of IP3Rs and RyRs, NRCMs were pre-treated with phenylephrine (PE, IP3Rs agonist), caffeine (RyRs agonist), 2-APB (IP3Rs antagonist), and tetracaine (RyRs antagonists), respectively. 【Results】 The cultured monolayer NRCMs showed spontaneous synchronized Ca2+ oscillations. PE activation or 2-APB blockade of IP3Rs increased or reduced the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in NRCMs, accordingly, with no significant effect on the amplitude of Ca2+ oscillations. Activation of RyRs with caffeine increased the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations, but unsynchronized the intercellular rhythm of calcium release and beating pace, while blocking RyRs with tetracaine completely abolished the Ca2+ oscillations and beats in NRCMs. In addition, the effect of PE stimulation on Ca2+ oscillation frequency gradually decreased along with cultured days. 【Conclusion】 IP3Rs regulate the rhythm of calcium oscillations, whereas RyRs are the main channel for bulky store Ca2+ release.

Improved Glass Bead-Vortex Oscillation Method for DNA Extraction from Diatom / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To examine the effect of improving diatom DNA extraction by glass bead - vortex oscillation method.@*METHODS@#The DNeasy PowerSoil Pro kit was used as control, two plant DNA extraction kits with different principles (New Plant genomic DNA extraction kit and Plant DNA Isolation kit) and one whole blood DNA extraction kit (whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit) were selected to extract diatom DNA from lung tissue and water sample of the same drowning case. The combination of mass ratio of glass beads with different sizes and vortex oscillation time was designed, and the optimal DNA extraction conditions were selected with the addition of glass beads oscillation. The extracted products of the conventional group and the modified group were directly electrophoretic and detected by diatom specific PCR. Finally, all the extracts were quantified by qPCR, and the Ct values of different groups were statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#When the frequency of vortex oscillation was 3 000 r/min, the optimal combination of DNA extraction was vortex oscillation for 4 min, and the mass ratio of large glass beads to small glass beads was 1∶1. The DNeasy PowerSoil Pro kit was used as a reference, and the Ct value of 10 mL water sample was greater than that of 0.5 g tissue. The Ct values of the other three kits used for plant DNA extraction decreased after the glass beads-vortex oscillation method was used, and the Ct values of the tissues before and after the improvement were statistically significant (P<0.05). The whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit used in this study could successfully extract diatom DNA, the extraction of water samples was close to DNeasy PowerSoil Pro kit, after the modified method was applied to tissue samples, the difference in Ct value was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, when the three kits were used to extract diatom DNA from water samples, Ct values before and after the improvement were only statistically significant in New Plant genomic DNA extraction kit group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The improved glass bead-vortex oscillation method can improve the extraction efficiency of diatom DNA from forensic materials, especially from tissue samples, by plant and blood DNA extraction kits.

Optimization of Lumbar Oblique-Pulling Manipulation Based on Multi-Rigid Body Mechanical Model / 医用生物力学

Objective Comprehensively considering the effectiveness and safety of massage, a method for evaluating the pros and cons of oscillation excitation and pulse excitation for lumbar oblique-pulling manipulation was proposed, and lumbar oblique-pulling manipulation under oscillation excitation was optimized. Methods A multi-rigid body biomechanical model of thoracolumbar spine was established. The manipulation force was used as the input force of the model. Using MATLAB/Simulink, variation of the displacement and acceleration of each lumbar segment with time was simulated. For the optimization of lumbar massage manipulation, the core elements of massage force, namely, frequency (f) and operand (n) were changed, and then the maximum relative displacement and maximum acceleration of each lumbar segment were compared. A new index z was proposed to comprehensively evaluate effectiveness and safety of the manipulation. Results The maximum relative displacement of each lumbar segment was almost equal when lumbar oblique-pulling manipulation under two kinds of excitation was applied. For lumbar oblique-pulling manipulation, the maximum acceleration of each lumbar segment under oscillation excitation was significantly smaller than that under pulse excitation. When the frequency of massage was 1-2.5 Hz, the overall effect of massage was better, and the overall effect had no relation with the operands, and the force of massage lasted for one operand; when the frequency of message was 3.33 Hz and the operands were more than 5, the massage had the best effect, meanwhile the strength of each lumbar segment was relatively large; when the frequency of massage exceeded 5 Hz, and the overall performance of massage was not good. Conclusions Lumbar oblique-pulling manipulation under oscillation excitation is safer than that under pulse excitation. The research findings provide doctors with a reasonable range of operating parameters for lumbar oblique-pulling manipulation under pulse excitation.

Prospects and developments in the technologies of high frequency oscillatory ventilation / 生物医学工程学杂志

The high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is characterized with low tidal volume and low mean airway pressure, and can well support the breathing of the patients with respiratory diseases. Since the HFOV was proposed, it has been widely concerned by medical and scientific researchers. About the HFOV, this paper discussed its current research status and prospected its future development in technologies. The research status of ventilation model, mechanisms and ventilation mode were introduced in detail. In the next years, the technologies in developing HFOV will be focused on: to develop the branched high-order nonlinear or volume-depended resistance-inertance-compliance (RIC) ventilation model, to fully understand the mechanisms of HFOV and to achieve the noninvasive HFOV. The development in technologies of HFOV will be beneficial to the patients with respiratory diseases who failed with conventional mechanical ventilation as one of considerable ventilation methods.

Effect of gap junction blockers on hippocampal ripple energy expression in rats with status epilepticus / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the effect of gap junction blockers, quinine (QUIN) and carbenoxolone (CBX), on hippocampal ripple energy expression in rats with status epilepticus (SE).@*METHODS@#A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups: model, QUIN, valproic acid (VPA), and CBX (@*RESULTS@#Ripple expression was observed in the hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions of normal rats. After 10 minutes of PILO injection, all groups had a gradual increase in mean ripple energy expression compared with 1 day before modeling, with the highest expression level before chloral hydrate injection in the model, VPA and CBX groups (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The change in ripple energy can be used as a quantitative indicator for early warning of seizures, while it cannot predict seizures in the interictal period. Gap junction blockers can reduce ripple energy during seizures.

Hierarchical Neural Prediction of Interpersonal Trust / 神经科学通报·英文版

Exploring neural markers that predict trust behavior may help us to identify the cognitive process underlying trust decisions and to develop a new approach to promote interpersonal trust. It remains unknown how trust behavior may be predicted early in the decision process. We used electrophysiology to sample the brain activity while participants played the role of trustor in an iterative trust game. The results showed that during the trust generation stage, the trust condition led to higher frontocentral beta band activity related to cognitive inhibition compared to the distrust condition (item level). Moreover, individuals with higher frontocentral beta band activity were more likely to perform trust choices at the single-trial level (individual level). Furthermore, after receiving reciprocity feedback on trial

Severe coral bleaching of Siderastrea stellata at the only atoll in the South Atlantic driven by sequential Marine Heatwaves / Branqueamento severo de Siderastrea stellata no único atol do Atlântico Sul impulsionado por ondas de calor marinhas sequenciais

Abstract: Threatened by global warming and extreme climatic events, such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Marine Heatwaves (MHW), coral reefs worldwide faced the worst bleaching and mortality event between 2014 and 2017, induced by the 2015/2016 ENSO. We evaluated the impacts of ENSO and MHW episodes on bleaching and mortality frequencies of Siderastrea stellata at Rocas Atoll, Southwestern Atlantic, using visual censuses conducted in 2016, 2017 and 2019. Bleaching rate varied significantly along the sampling period (11.71% in 2016, 1.52% in 2017, and 88% in 2019), but mortality was always less than 4%. Bleaching events in Atlantic reefs have been constantly associated with ENSO, until these recent events of the last two years. We suggest that MHW were probably the primary driver of the observed bleaching, especially in 2019, when much higher bleaching rates were observed than in ENSO periods. Although Southwestern Atlantic massive corals are considered more resistant to thermal stress than reefs corals worldwide, the strong events registered since 2019 highlight the need for continuous monitoring to better understand coral bleaching dynamics and improve predictions on the effects of global change in the region.

Resumo: Ameaçados pelo aquecimento global e eventos climáticos extremos, como El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENSO) e Ondas de Calor Marinhas (MHW), os recifes de coral em todo o mundo enfrentaram o pior evento de branqueamento e mortalidade entre 2014 e 2017, induzido pelo ENSO 2015/2016. Nesse estudo, avaliamos os impactos dos episódios de ENSO e MHW nas frequências de branqueamento e mortalidade de Siderastrea stellata no Atol de Rocas, Atlântico Sudoeste, a partir de censos visuais realizados em 2016, 2017 e 2019. O branqueamento variou significativamente ao longo do período de amostragem (11,71% em 2016, 1,52% em 2017, e 88% em 2019), mas a mortalidade não, sendo sempre inferior a 4%. Eventos de branqueamento em recifes do Atlântico têm sido constantemente associados ao ENSO, até os eventos recentes dos últimos dois anos. Nós sugerimos que as MHW foram provavelmente o principal impulsionador do branqueamento observado, especialmente em 2019, quando as taxas de branqueamento observadas foram maiores do que nos períodos de ENSO. Embora os corais massivos do Atlântico Sudoeste sejam considerados mais resistentes ao estresse térmico quando comparados com corais recifais de outros oceanos, os fortes eventos registrados desde 2019 destacam a necessidade de monitoramento contínuo para entender melhor a dinâmica do branqueamento de corais e melhorar as previsões sobre os efeitos das mudanças globais na região.

Influencia de un campo magnético oscilante en columnas poliméricas con nanopartículas magnéticas / Influence of an oscillating magnetic field on polymeric columns with magnetic nanoparticles / Influência de um campo magnético oscilante em colunas poliméricas com nanopartículas magnéticas

Resumen Las nanopartículas magnéticas de magnetita (MNP) presentan comportamiento superparamagnético, lo que les confiere propiedades importantes como bajo campo coercitivo, fácil modificación superficial y niveles de magnetización aceptables. Esto las hace útiles en técnicas de separación. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han experimentado con las interacciones de las MNP con campos magnéticos. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar la influencia de un campo magnético oscilante (CMO) en columnas monolíticas poliméricas con nanopartículas magnéticas vinilizadas (VMNP) para cromatografía líquida capilar (cLC). Para ello, se sintetizaron MNP mediante coprecipitación de sales de hierro. La preparación de las columnas monolíticas poliméricas se realizó por copolimerización y la agregación de VMNP. Aprovechando las propiedades magnéticas de las MNP, se estudió la influencia de los parámetros como frecuencia de resonancia, intensidad y tiempo de exposición de un CMO, aplicado a las columnas sintetizadas. Como resultado se obtuvo una mejor separación de la muestra según los parámetros medidos, de modo que se logró una resolución de la columna (Rs) de 1,35. Las propiedades morfológicas de las columnas fueron evaluadas mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Los resultados de las propiedades cromatográficas revelaron que la mejor separación de la muestra de alquilbencenos se da en condiciones de 5,5 kHz y 10 min de exposición en el CMO. Este estudio constituye una primera aplicación en técnicas de separación cromatográficas para futuras investigaciones en nanotecnología.

Abstract Magnetite magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) exhibit superparamagnetic behavior, which gives them important properties such as low coercive field, easy surface modification and acceptable levels of magnetization, making them useful in separation techniques. However, few studies have experimented the interactions they have with magnetic fields. For this reason, in this research, the influence of an oscillating magnetic field (CMO) on polymeric monolithic columns containing vinylized magnetite magnetic nanoparticles (VMNP) for capillary liquid chromatography was studied. For this, MNP were synthesized, by co-precipitation of iron salts. The preparation of the polymeric monolithic columns was carried out by the copolymerization method and the subsequent aggregation of VMNP. Taking advantage of the magnetic properties of the MNPs, the influence of various parameters (resonance frequency, intensity, and exposure time) of an CMO applied to the synthesized columns was studied. As a result, a better separation of the sample according to the measured parameters was obtained. Thus, achieving a column resolution (Rs) of 1.35. The morphological properties of monolithic columns were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the chromatographic properties showed that the best separation of the sample of alkylbenzenes (ABS) in cLC occurs under conditions of 5.5 kHz and 10 min of exposure in the CMO. This study constitutes the first application in chromatographic separation techniques for future nanotechnology research.

Resumo As nanopartículas de magnetita magnética (MNPs) têm comportamento superparamagnético, o que lhes confere propriedades importantes como baixo campo coercitivo, fácil modificação da superfície e níveis aceitáveis de magnetização, tornando os úteis nas técnicas de separação. No entanto, poucos estudos foram realizados experimentando as interações exercidas pelos campos magnéticos. Portanto, o objetivo da presente investigação foi estudar a influência de um campo magnético oscilante (CMO) em colunas monolíticas poliméricas contendo nanopartículas magnéticas vinilizadas (VMNPs) para cromatografia líquida capilar (cLC). Para isso, MNPs foram sintetizados por co-precipitação de sais de ferro. A preparação das colunas monolíticas poliméricas foi realizada por copolimerização e subsequente agregação de VMNPs. Em seguida, aproveitando as propriedades magnéticas do MNPs, estudou-se a influência de vários parâmetros (frequência de ressonância, intensidade e tempo de exposição) de uma CMO aplicada nas colunas sintetizadas, obtendo vantagens como uma melhor separação da amostra e uma resolução (Rs) de coluna de 1,35. As propriedades morfológicas das colunas monolíticas foram avaliadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM). Os resultados das propriedades cromatográficas mostraram que a melhor separação da amostra de alquilbenzenos (ABS) em cLC ocorre em condições de 5,5 kHz e 10 min de exposição na CMO. Este estudo constitui uma primeira aplicação em técnicas de separação cromatográfica para futuras investigações em nanotecnologia.

Development and evaluation of physical properties of a low-cost handheld device for airway clearance therapy / Desenvolvimento e avaliação das propriedades físicas de um dispositivo portátil de baixo custo para higiene brônquica / Desarrollo y evaluación de propiedades físicas de un dispositivo portátil de bajo costo para la higiene bronquial

ABSTRACT Several respiratory diseases are characterized by hypersecretion, requiring airway clearance therapy (ACT). Oral high-frequency oscillation (OHFO) devices are effective to enable daily ACT; however, they are still too expensive to become available for low-income patients. We sought to develop a low-cost device (OHFO-LC) and compare its physical properties with those OHFO commercially available (Shaker and Flutter). The OHFO-LC was developed from polyvinyl chloride material and one stainless steel sphere. Pressures and frequencies were measured at flows of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 15L/min. Pressures at the mouthpieces were measured by a transducer connected to a microcomputer. The oscillation frequencies were obtained from the graph of the pressure. The frequencies and pressures were compared among groups using one-way Anova and Tukey's post hoc tests, p≤0.05. There were no differences among the frequencies of the three devices in all tested flows. The OHFO-LC device showed a higher positive expiratory pressure compared with the Shaker at all tested flows (4 L/min: 4.7±1.2 vs. 1.0±0.2 cmH2O; 6 L/min: 8.6±1.5 vs. 3.5±0.5 cmH2O; 8 L/min: 10.8±1.6 vs. 5.4±0.2 cmH2O; 10 L/min: 13.5±1.2 vs. 7.7±0.4 cmH2O; 15 L/min: 14.3±1.1 vs. 7.8±0.2 cmH2O; OHFO-LC vs. Shaker; p≤0.05) and at 10 and 15 L/min compared with Flutter (10 L/min: 13.5±1.2 vs. 7.5±1.2 cmH2O; 15 L/min: 14.3±1.1 vs. 8.2±1.2 cmH2O; OHFO-LC vs. Flutter, p≤0.05). The cost of the OHFO-LC device was much lower than both the Shaker and the Flutter. Our results showed that the OHFO-LC had physical properties with similar frequencies but higher pressures than other OHFO devices that are commercially available. Future studies are necessary to evaluate its clinical efficacy.

RESUMO Diversas doenças respiratórias são caracterizadas por hipersecreção com necessidade de higiene brônquica (HB). Osciladores orais de alta frequência (OOAF) são dispositivos que promovem HB diária; entretanto, seu custo pode ser inviável para aquisição por pacientes com baixa renda. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: desenvolver um OOAF de baixo custo (OOAF-BC) e comparar suas propriedades físicas com as dos disponíveis comercialmente (Shaker e Flutter). O OOAF-BC foi desenvolvido com material de polivinil clorido e uma esfera de aço inoxidável. As pressões e frequências foram mensuradas nos fluxos de 4, 6, 8, 10 e 15 L/min. As pressões nos bocais foram medidas por um transdutor conectado ao computador. As frequências de oscilação foram derivadas do gráfico de pressão. A comparação dos dispositivos foi feita por Anova com post hoc de Tukey, p≤0.05. Não houve diferença entre as frequências dos três dispositivos em todos os fluxos testados. O OOAF-BC apresentou pressão mais alta comparado ao Shaker em todos os fluxos testados (4 L/min: 4,7±1,2 vs. 1,0±0,2 cmH2O; 6 L/min: 8,6±1,5 vs. 3,5±0,5 cmH2O; 8 L/min: 10,8±1,6 vs. 5,4±0.2 cmH2O; 10 L/min: 13,5±1,2 vs. 7,7±0.4 cmH2O; 15 L/min: 14,3±1,1 vs. 7,8±0,2 cmH2O; OOAF-BC vs. Shaker; p≤0.05) e nos fluxos de 10 e 15 L/min comparado ao Flutter (10 L/min: 13,5±1,2 vs. 7,5±1,2 cmH2O; 15 L/min: 14,3±1,1 vs. 8,2±1,2 cmH2O; OOAF-BC vs. Flutter, p≤0.05). O custo do OOAF-BC foi pelo menos seis vezes menor. O OOAF-BC apresentou frequências similares e pressões mais altas que os outros OOAF comercialmente disponíveis. Estudos futuros são necessários para avaliar sua eficácia clínica.

RESUMEN Varias enfermedades respiratorias se caracterizan por hipersecreción, que requiere higiene bronquial (HB). Los osciladores orales de alta frecuencia (OOAF) son dispositivos que promueven la HB diaria; sin embargo, su costo puede no ser factible para la adquisición por parte de pacientes con bajos ingresos. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron desarrollar un OOAF de bajo costo (OOAF-BC) y comparar sus propiedades físicas con las de los disponibles comercialmente (Shaker y Flutter). El OOAF-BC se desarrolló con material de polivinilo clorado y una bola de acero inoxidable. Las presiones y frecuencias se midieron en flujos de 4, 6, 8, 10 y 15 L/min. Las presiones de la boquilla se midieron mediante un transductor conectado a la computadora. Las frecuencias de oscilación se derivaron del gráfico de presión. Se compararon los dispositivos con la utilización de Anova con post hoc de Tukey, p≤0,05. No hubo diferencias entre las frecuencias de los tres dispositivos en todos los flujos probados. El OOAF-BC mostró una presión más alta en comparación con Shaker en todos los flujos probados (4 L/min: 4,7±1,2 vs. 1,0±0,2 cmH2O; 6 L/min: 8,6±1,5 vs. 3,5±0,5 cmH2O; 8 L/min: 10,8±1,6 vs. 5,4±0,2 cmH2O; 10 L/min: 13,5±1,2 vs. 7,7±0,4 cmH2O; 15 L/min: 14,3±1,1 vs. 7,8±0,2 cmH2O; OOAF-BC vs. Shaker; p≤0,05) y con flujos de 10 y 15 L/min en comparación con Flutter (10 L/min: 13,5±1,2 vs. 7,5±1,2 cmH2O; 15 L/min: 14,3±1,1 vs. 8,2±1,2 cmH2O; OOAF-BC vs. Flutter, p≤0,05). El costo de OOAF-BC fue al menos seis veces menor. El OOAF-BC mostró frecuencias similares y presiones más altas que otros OOAF disponibles comercialmente. Se necesitan estudios futuros para evaluar su eficacia clínica.

Conocimientos y prácticas en prevención de dengue en ciudad afectada por epidemia del dengue posfenómeno de El Niño Costero, Perú, 2018 / Knowledge and practices regarding dengue prevention in a Peruvian city affected by a dengue epidemic following the 2018 Coastal Child

Objetivo: Describir los conocimientos y prácticas sobre las medidas preventivas de dengue en los pobladores de ciudad afectada por epidemia del dengue posfenómeno de El Niño costero, Perú, 2018, y comparar los conocimientos con el cuestionario ENAPRES 2016. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el que se recolectó información mediante dos cuestionarios consecutivos. La muestra se obtuvo con nivel de confianza del 95 por ciento, proporción esperada 29,1 por ciento, precisión de 4,5 por ciento, y población de 8 210 casas, y considerando pérdidas será una muestra de 380. Resultados: La población estuvo constituida principalmente por mujeres (73,7 por ciento), con edad promedio de 42,5 años, 41,8 por ciento secundaria completa, 54,5 por ciento amas de casa. El medio de obtención de información más frecuente fue el centro de salud (48,7 por ciento). El 21,1 por ciento manifestó conocer la enfermedad, el 75 por ciento conocía la transmisión por zancudo y el 86,1 por ciento que este se reproduce en aguas estancadas. Además, 69,2 por ciento reconoció los síntomas de la enfermedad. El 9,7 por ciento señaló medidas para eliminar criaderos, mientras el 20,5 por ciento reconoció medidas para evitar ser picado. El 83,2 por ciento manifestó conocer el abate y su uso. Los síntomas más identificados por la población fueron fiebre, dolor de cabeza, dolor de huesos y/o articulaciones y dolor muscular. Según la comparación realizada con el cuestionario ENAPRES 2016, hubo aumento de conocimiento de los signos de alarma (sangrado, náuseas y vómitos). Conclusiones: Los conocimientos en prevención de dengue fueron escasos y las prácticas observadas resultaron insuficientes en la población de Tumán, pero mejoró el conocimiento en algunas medidas de prevención con respecto a 2016(AU)

Objective: Describe the knowledge and practices regarding dengue prevention measures among the residents of a Peruvian city affected by a dengue epidemic following the 2018 Coastal Child, and compare the knowledge using the ENAPRES 2016 questionnaire. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in which information was collected by means of two consecutive questionnaires. The sample was obtained with a 95 percent confidence interval, a 29.1 percent expected proportion, 4.5 percent precision and a population of 8 210 households, and considering losses will be a sample of 380. Results: The population was predominantly female (73.7 percent), with a mean age of 42.5 years, 41.8 percent complete secondary schooling, and 54.5 percent housewives. The source of information most commonly used was the health center (48.7 percent). 21.1 percent reported knowing about the disease, 75 percent knew that it was transmitted by mosquitoes, and 86.1 percent knew that mosquitoes reproduce in stagnant water. In addition, 69.2 percent recognized the symptoms of the disease. 9.7 percent referred to measures to eliminate breeding sites, and 20.5 percent to measures to avoid being bitten. 83.2 percent stated they knew about temefos and its use. The symptoms most commonly identified by the population were fever, headache, bone and/or joint pain, and muscle pain. According to the comparison made with the ENAPRES 2016 questionnaire, there was an increase in knowledge about alarm signs (bleeding, nausea and vomiting). Conclusions: Knowledge about dengue prevention was scarce and the practices observed among the population of Tumán were insufficient, but improvement was observed in the knowledge about some prevention measures with respect to 2016(AU)

The association of the serum levels of neuregulin-1 and gamma activity of electroencephalogram with cognitive function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the serum levels of neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) and the gamma activity of the prefrontal cortex of electroencephalogram (EEG) in the resting state in first-episode schizophrenia patients and exam﹣ine their correlation with clinical symptoms and cognitive function. Methods The serum levels of NRG-1 were mea﹣sured in 53 patients and 58 controls. The gamma activity was first collected from the lead of FP1 and FP2 of the pre﹣frontal cortex of EEG and was then measured by using time-frequency analysis. The psychotic symptoms were as﹣sessed by positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). The MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) was used to assess the cognitive function. Results The serum levels of NRG-1 was significantly lower in the case group than in the control [(7.36±3.96) pg/mL vs. (11.02±8.78) pg/mL, P=0.006]. The gamma activity was significantly different be﹣tween the case group and the control group [39(73.6%) vs. 14(26.4%), P<0.001]. The scores of TMT in MCCB was significantly higher while the scores of BACS SC, HVLT-R, NAB, BVMT-R and CF scores were significantly lower in the case group than the control group (P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between the serum NRG-1 level and the gamma activity in the case group (r=-0.542, P<0.001). There was a negative correlation between the serum NRG-1 level with PANSS (r=-0.360, P=0.009), while the gamma activity was positively correlated with PANSS (r=0.278, P=0.046) in the case group. The serum NRG-1 level was significantly positively correlated with the scores of HVLT-R in the case group (r=0.332, P=0.016), and the gamma activity was significantly negatively correlated with the scores of HVLT-R (r=-0.442, P=0.001) and NAB (r=-0.307, P=0.027). Conclusion The serum NRG-1 level and the gamma activity are correlated with the clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment of patients with first-episode schizophrenia to some degree, suggesting that abnormal neurobiochemical and neuroelectrophysiological reactions exist and interact with each other in the early stage of schizophrenia.

Abnormality of θ oscillation in auditory event-related potential P300 in patients with clinical high risk of psychosis or first-episode schizophrenia / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To explore the relationship between θ oscillation of auditory event-related potential P300 and clinical symptoms in the patients with clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis or first episode schizophrenia (FES). Methods • A total of 18 patients with CHR of psychosis (CHR group), 18 patients with FES (FES group) and 19 healthy controls (control group) were recruited to complete the standard auditory Oddball paradigm as well as electroencephalogram (EEG) recording with 64-channel EEG cap. Fz, Cz and Pz electrodes were selected to compare the amplitudes and peak latent periods among the three groups, and time-frequency analysis of the θ oscillation in P300 was performed. Results • There was significant difference in the amplitudes of P300 among the three groups (P=0.004). The amplitudes of P300 in FES group (P=0.001) and CHR group (P=0.026) were both significantly lower than that of control group. There was no difference between CHR group and FES group in P300 amplitude (P>0.05). θ Oscillation induced power was significantly different among the three groups (P=0.022). The induced power value of FES group was significantly lower than that of control group (P=0.008); and it was marginally lower in CHR group as compared to that of control group (P=0.054). There was no difference between CHR group and FES group (P>0.05). There was trending difference in θ oscillation evoked power among the three groups (P=0.054). The correlation analysis showed that the total and subscale scores of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in FES group were significantly correlated with the amplitudes of P300 at Cz and Pz electrodes (P<0.05). Conclusion • There are significant abnormalities in the amplitude of auditory P300 and θ oscillation of P300 in both CHR and FES patients; however, the change in CHR patients is less severe than that of FES patients. The impaired θ oscillation of P300 in CHR patients is limited to induced power, but evoked power is not impaired.

NMDA-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in osteoblasts / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To study the effect of N-Methyl-D-asparticacid ( NMDA ) on the intracellular free calcium concentration ( [ Ca2+] i ) in primary cultured rat calvaria osteoblasts. Methods A calcium imaging technique was applied to observe [ Ca2+] i changes in primary cultured rat calvaria osteoblasts after stimulating by NMDA with various concentrations or pretreated with NMDA receptor noncompetitive antagonism MK801 ( Dizocilpin) . Results Different concentrations of NMDA caused [ Ca2+] i increases in varying degrees and by different ways. NMDA could evoke transient increase and secondary change in [ Ca2+] i including calcium oscillation or steady increase. MK801 inhibited NMDA-induced [ Ca2+] i increase in varying degrees. Conclusion These results indicated that there are abundant functional NMDA receptors expressed in primary cultured rat calvaria osteoblasts, showing different forms and varying degrees of [ Ca2+] i increases in response to different concentrations of NMDA. The characters of the blocking effect of MK801 to NMDA-induced [ Ca2+] i increasing, indicated that the NMDA receptors expressed in primary cultured rat calvaria osteoblasts differ in channel properties from those in central nervous system.

Postural control analysis during a standardized kick task in soccer athletes / Análise do controle postural durante tarefa controlada do chute em atletas de futebol / Análisis del control postural durante tarea controlada del tiro en atletas de fútbol

ABSTRACT Introduction: Postural control is a determining factor for functional performance and motor skills during sports activities. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate postural control during the controlled soccer ball kicking task through a biomechanical analysis system. Methods: The sample consisted of 11 professional male athletes recruited using convenience sampling, with a mean age of 22 years. The athletes performed twenty-five precision kicks at a target, with the ball in vertical motion released by means of a hand-held device synchronized with the computed biomechanical measurements. Marking of the lower limb segments involved in the kick and the ball were analyzed by accelerometry, while postural control measures were quantified by a force platform in three axes of movement. The support leg was investigated in single leg stance during all tests on the force platform. The main variables of postural control calculated by stabilographic analysis and computed during the 25 kicks were: center of pressure (COP) displacement area, velocity and frequency of COP oscillation in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. The mean was used for final analysis to determine the differences in the three phases: pre-kick, kick, and post-kick. Results: The results revealed significant differences (p <0.01) between the three phases, with the kick phase presenting higher values of postural COP oscillations than the other phases. The COP area and oscillation velocity were the variables with greatest sensitivity to changes in the kick phase, obtaining an effect size of d = 14 and d = 12, respectively. In clinical terms, the increase in COP values reached 557% between the pre-kick and kick phases; this difference was reduced to 241% when compared to post-kick (i.e., difference between kick and post-kick was 316%). Conclusion . These results have important implications for the perception of postural control responses during soccer ball kicks and consequently, for injury prevention when motor and sensory deficits are diagnosed in soccer players. Level of Evidence III; Study of nonconsecutive patients; without consistently applied reference ''gold'' standard.

RESUMO Introdução: O controle postural é um fator determinante para execução de gestos funcionais e desempenho motor durante as atividades esportivas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi de investigar o controle postural durante a tarefa controlada do chute futebolístico por meio de um sistema de análise biomecânica. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 11 atletas profissionais do sexo masculino, recrutados por amostragem por conveniência, com média de idade de 22 anos. Os atletas realizaram vinte e cinco chutes de precisão em direção ao alvo, com a bola em movimento vertical lançada por meio de um dispositivo manual sincronizado com as medidas biomecânicas computadas. A marcação dos segmentos de membro inferior envolvidos no chute e a bola foram analisadas por meio da acelerometria, enquanto as medidas de controle postural foram quantificadas por meio de uma plataforma de força em três eixos do movimento. A perna de apoio foi investigada em apoio unipodal durante todos os testes sobre a plataforma de força. As principais variáveis de controle postural calculadas por uma análise estabilográfica e computadas durante os 25 chutes foram área de deslocamento do centro de pressão (COP), velocidade e frequência de oscilação do COP na direção anteroposterior e médio-lateral. A média foi utilizada para análise final para determinar as diferenças nas três fases: pré-chute, chute e pós-chute. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram diferenças significantes (p < 0,01) entre as três fases, sendo que a fase do chute apresentou valores maiores de oscilações posturais do COP do que as demais fases. A área e a velocidade de oscilação do COP foram as variáveis com maior sensibilidade às mudanças na fase do chute, obtendo magnitude de efeito em d = 14 e d = 12, respectivamente. Clinicamente, o aumento foi de 557% entre as fases pré-chute e chute; essa diferença foi reduzida para 241% na comparação com o pós-chute (ou seja, a diferença entre chute e pós-chute foi de 316%). Conclusões: Esses resultados têm implicações importantes para o reconhecimento das respostas de controle postural durante o chute futebolístico e, consequentemente, para prevenção de lesões quando déficits sensório-motores são diagnosticados em atletas de futebol. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo de pacientes não consecutivos; sem padrão de referência "ouro" aplicado uniformemente.

RESUMEN Introducción . El control postural es un factor determinante para la ejecución de gestos funcionales y desempeño motor durante las actividades deportivas. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el control postural durante la tarea controlada del tiro futbolístico por medio de un sistema de análisis biomecánico. Métodos: La muestra fue constituida por 11 atletas profesionales del sexo masculino reclutados por muestreo por conveniencia y con promedio de edad de 22 años. Los atletas realizaron veinticinco disparos de precisión en dirección al objetivo, con la pelota en movimiento vertical lanzada por medio de un dispositivo manual sincronizado con las medidas biomecánicas computadas. La marcación de los segmentos de la extremidad inferior involucrados en el tiro y la pelota fueron analizadas mediante acelerometría, mientras que las medidas de control postural fueron cuantificadas por medio de una plataforma de fuerza en tres ejes del movimiento. La pierna de apoyo fue investigada en apoyo unipodal durante todas las pruebas sobre la plataforma de fuerza. Las principales variables de control postural calculadas por un análisis estabilográfico y computadas durante los 25 disparos fueron área de desplazamiento del centro de presión (COP), velocidad y frecuencia de oscilación del COP en la dirección anteroposterior y medio-lateral. El promedio fue utilizado para análisis final para determinar las diferencias en las tres fases: pre-disparo, disparo, y post-disparo. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas (p < 0,01) entre las tres fases, siendo que la fase del disparo presentó valores mayores de oscilaciones posturales del COP que las demás fases. El área y la velocidad de oscilación del COP fueron las variables con mayor sensibilidad a los cambios en la fase del disparo, obteniendo magnitud de efecto en d = 14 y d = 12, respectivamente. Clínicamente, el aumento fue del 557% entre las fases pre-disparo y disparo; esta diferencia se redujo al 241% en comparación con la fase post-disparo (es decir, la diferencia entre disparo y post-disparo fue de 316%). Conclusiones: Estos resultados tienen implicaciones importantes para el reconocimiento de las respuestas de control postural durante el tiro futbolístico y consecuentemente, para prevención de lesiones cuando se diagnostica déficit sensorio-motor en atletas de fútbol. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudio de pacientes no consecutivos; sin patrón de referencia "oro" aplicado uniformemente.

Effects of Ketamine on Basal Gamma Band Oscillation and Sensory Gating in Prefrontal Cortex of Awake Rats / 神经科学通报·英文版

Gamma band oscillation (GBO) and sensory gating (SG) are associated with many cognitive functions. Ketamine induces deficits of GBO and SG in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the time-courses of the effects of different doses of ketamine on GBO power and SG are poorly understood. Studies have indicated that GBO power and SG have a common substrate for their generation and abnormalities. In this study, we found that (1) ketamine administration increased GBO power in the PFC in rats differently in the low- and high-dose groups; (2) auditory SG was significantly lower than baseline in the 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups, but not in the 15 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg groups; and (3) changes in SG and basal GBO power were significantly correlated in awake rats. These results indicate a relationship between mechanisms underlying auditory SG and GBO power.

Research Progress of Blood Pressure Measurement by Oscillometric Method / 中国医疗器械杂志

Blood pressure is an important physiological index that can reflect the function of the heart and blood vessels. Compared with other methods, oscillometric measurement has the advantages of strong noise immunity, simple operation and low cost, which is the most widely used technology for blood pressure measurement. In this paper, we reviewed and discussed the key technologies of measuring blood pressure, such as pre-processing method of oscillation envelope and blood pressure estimation technique. The latter include traditional wave method, waveform morphology method, the methods based on the model and machine learning. At last, we have a look forward to its future development direction.